Tree loops
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Smooth tree snare ( Periploca laevigata ) in Tenerife |
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| Periploca | ||||||||||||
| L. |
The tree loops ( Periploca ) are a plant genus of the subfamily Periplocoideae , which is assigned to the dog poison family (Apocynaceae). Two types are also cultivated as ornamental plants in Central Europe .
description
Tree loops are mostly twisting or rarely upright, bare bushes that reach heights of several meters. The opposite, stalked or sedentary leaves are evergreen or fall off in dry seasons; in a few species they are also reduced to scales. The shape of the leaf blade ranges from elliptical to ovate. The length is between approximately 1.5 to 10 cm, the width 0.2 to 5 cm.
The zymous inflorescences are formed in the leaf axils and at the ends of the branches. An average of 3 to 15 stalked flowers sit in loose groups. The hermaphrodite, five-fold flowers have a diameter of about 1 to 2.4 cm. The five sepals are free. The five petals are elongated and rounded at the tip. They are yellowish-green at the edge with a dark red or brown central part or evenly colored. The corolla is dark brown, purple or yellowish. There is a circle with five free stamens with short, wide stamens .
The spindle-shaped, smooth follicles , usually in pairs at an obtuse or acute angle to one another ("horn-shaped"), are usually between 10 and 20 cm long, in extreme cases up to 45 cm. The elongated seeds are sometimes quite large (3 to 14 mm long and 1 to 2.5 mm wide) and have a 20 to 25 mm long head of hair at the tip.
distribution
The genus Periploca comes to the Cape Verde Islands , the Canary Islands , in North Africa , southern Europe and Asia Minor , the Caucasus , on the Arabian Peninsula , along the East African Rift of Ethiopia to Malawi and from the southern Iran via Pakistan and the Himalayas to the People's Republic of China before .
Systematics
The first description of the genus by Carl von Linné in Species Plantarum was published in 1753. He attributed the name to Joseph Pitton de Tournefort .
There are currently 14-17 species of Periploca recognized, which are divided into two sections. In regional floras, some subspecies are upgraded to species. Here is a selection of types:
- Sect. Periploca
- Periploca angustifolia Labill. : It occurs from northern Africa to Mauritania, in southeastern Spain, in Sicily, Crete and earlier also in Syria.
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Periploca aphylla Decne. : With two subspecies:
- Periploca aphylla subsp. aphylla : It occurs from the Sinai Peninsula to the Arabian Peninsula and to northwestern India.
- Periploca aphylla subsp. laxiflora (Bornm. ex Drar) Browicz : It occurs from Sudan to southern Iran.
- Periploca calophylla (Wight) Falc. (incl. Periploca floribunda Tsiang , Periploca forrestii Schltr. ): The homeland is Pakistan, India, Nepal, Bhutan, Vietnam and China. One can distinguish two varieties.
- Periploca gracilis Boiss. (Syn .: Cyprinia gracilis (Boiss.) Browicz ): It occurs in Cyprus and in southern Turkey.
- Greek tree sling or oriental tree sling ( Periploca graeca L. ): The home is Eastern and Southeastern Europe and Western Asia to the Caucasus. The species is naturalized in North Africa and Southwest Europe.
- Smooth tree snare ( Periploca laevigata Aiton , Syn .: Periploca chevalieri Browicz ): The home is the Canary and Cape Verde Islands.
- Periploca linearifolia Quart .-- Dill. & A.Rich. : It occurs from Ethiopia to southern tropical Africa.
- Chinese tree snare ( Periploca sepium Bunge ): The home is China and Far Eastern Asiatic Russia.
- Periploca somaliensis Browicz : It occurs in northern Somalia and on the southwestern Arabian Peninsula.
- Periploca visciformis (Vatke) K.Schum. : It occurs from eastern Ethiopia to the Arabian Peninsula.
- Sect. Monocoronata Venter
- Periploca hydaspidis Falc. : The homeland is India and northern Pakistan.
- Periploca tsiangii D.Fang & HZLing : The home is Guangxi in China.
- Without assignment to a section:
- Periploca chrysantha D.S.Yao, XCChen & JWRen : It was first described in 2002 from the Chinese province of Gansu.
- Periploca purpurea Kerr : It occurs in northern Thailand.
No longer counted in this genus:
- Periploca acuminata M.A.Rahman & Wilcock => Decalepis khasiana (short) Ionta ex Kambale
- Periploca nigrescens Wennberg => Cryptolepis nigrescens (Wennberg) L.Joubert & Bruyns
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c S. Liede-Schumann, U. Meve: Periploca . ( Memento of the original from July 8, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. In: The Genera of Asclepiadoideae, Secamonoideae and Periplocoideae (Apocynaceae) Descriptions, Illustrations, Identification, and Information Retrieval. Version: September 21, 2000. ( Memento of the original from July 8, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Bayreuth 2006.
- ↑ a b H. JT Venter: A revision of Periploca (Periplocaceae). In: South African Journal of Botany. Volume 63, 1997, ISSN 0254-6299 , pp. 123-128.
- ^ SI Ali: Periploca . In: SI Ali, M. Qaiser (eds.): Flora of Pakistan 150: Asclepiadaceae . University of Karachi, Department of Botany, Karachi 1983, p. 57, (online) .
- ↑ a b Kazimierz Browicz: The genus Periploca L. A monograph. In: Arboretum Kórnickie. Volume 11, 1966, pp. 5-104.
- ↑ Carl von Linné: Species Plantarum. Volume 1, Lars Salvius, Stockholm 1753, p. 211, digitized .
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Periploca - World Checklist of Selected Plant Families des Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Last viewed on January 1, 2020.
- ↑ a b Bingtao Li, Michael G. Gilbert, W. Douglas Stevens: Asclepiadaceae . In Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven (Ed.): Flora of China . Volume 16: Gentianaceae through Boraginaceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 1995, ISBN 0-915279-33-9 , pp. 195-196 (English, online ).
- ↑ a b c d Periploca in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
