Mountain houseleek

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Mountain houseleek
Sempervivum montanum subsp. stiriacum

Sempervivum montanum subsp. stiriacum

Systematics
Family : Thick-leaf family (Crassulaceae)
Subfamily : Sempervivoideae
Tribe : Semperviveae
Genre : Hauswurzen ( Sempervivum )
Section : Sempervivum sect. Sempervivum
Type : Mountain houseleek
Scientific name
Sempervivum montanum
L.

The mountain houseleek ( Sempervivum montanum ) is a type of plant from the genus of houseleek ( Sempervivum ) within the thick-leaf family (Crassulaceae).

description

Illustration from Atlas of Alpine Flora
blossom
fruit

Vegetative characteristics

The mountain houseleek is an evergreen, perennial , succulent plant that forms runners up to 10 centimeters long and heights of 2 to 20, in exceptional cases with the subspecies Sempervivum montanum subsp. burnatii reaches up to 50 centimeters. The rosettes of the plant give off a resin odor.

The leaf rosettes have a diameter of 1 to 8 centimeters and are spherical or spread out. The rosette leaves are densely covered on both sides with short glandular hairs, broadly ovoid to linear-lanceolate, about 10, rarely up to 40 millimeters long and often 3 millimeters, in the subspecies Sempervivum montanum subsp. burnatii but up to 7 millimeters wide and much longer.

Generative characteristics

The flowering period extends from July to September. The inflorescence is two to eight flowers (sometimes up to 13 flowers ).

The hermaphrodite flowers are radially symmetrical with a double flower envelope . The petals are 10 to 20 millimeters long, their upper side is wine-red to red-violet, usually with a dark central stripe, rarely there are yellowish-white blooming forms.

Occurrence

Rosette cushions from Sempervivum montanum subsp. montanum , in culture
Mountain houseleek ( Sempervivum montanum ) in the Vanoise National Park (France)
Illustration Sempervivum montanum subsp. stiriacum from the Atlas of the Alpine Flora

The mountain houseleek occurs in the Alps , Corsica , the Apennines and the Carpathians on rocks and rock debris, in dwarf shrub heaths and on short-grass pastures at altitudes of 300 to 3400 meters on soils with acidic reactions. It is a character type of the Sedo-Scleranthion association, but also occurs in gappy societies of the Nardion or Caricion curvulae associations.

Systematics

The first publication of Sempervivum montanum was made in 1753 by Carl Linnaeus .

Of Sempervivum montanum There are four subspecies:

  • Sempervivum montanum subsp. burnatii Wettst. ex Hayek occurs from the Graian to the Cottian Alps , in the Maritime Alps and on Corsica . It has much larger rosettes, which in extreme cases can reach a diameter of up to 11 cm. Its chromosome number is 2n = 42. The name of the subspecies honors the Swiss engineer and botanist Émile Burnat (1828–1920).
  • Sempervivum montanum subsp. heterophyllum (Hazsl.) Jáv. ex Soó (Syn .: Sempervivum montanum subsp. carpathicum (Wettst. ex Prodan) A. Berger ) is widespread in the Carpathian Mountains . Its chromosome number is 2n = 42.
  • Sempervivum montanum L. subsp. montanum is diploid with the chromosome number 2n = 42 and has the largest distribution area: This subspecies occurs from the Maritime Alps in the southwest to the Grossglockner in the Hohe Tauern . In the Allgäu Alps rises to altitudes of 1750 meters (Karalpe am Strahlkopf in Tyrol) up to 2380 meters.
  • Sempervivum montanum subsp. stiriacum (Wettst. ex Hayek) Wettst. solves the subsp. montanum from the Großglockner in the Hohe Tauern and can be found as far as the Styrian border mountains in the east. This subspecies is tetraploid with chromosome number 2n = 84. Their rosettes have a diameter of 2 to 5 centimeters and are usually open, rosette-leaved inwardly, fine, soft and hairy with glands. The stolons are short and slender. The flowers are reddish carmine.

use

The mountain houseleek is widely used as an ornamental plant in rock gardens, on dry stone walls and in trough gardens, but is more difficult to cultivate there than the cobweb houseleek or the roof houseleek . A cultivar called Sempervivum 'Cmiral's Yellow' is particularly yellow in spring and was discovered by Otokar Cmiral from a yellowish form of Sempervivum montanum subsp. carpathicum bred out. This cultivar also requires more gardening attention than is generally the case for Sempervivum .

swell

literature

  • Gustav Hegi : Illustrated Flora of Central Europe, Volume IV, Part 2A. 2nd edition, Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich 1961–1966.
  • Eckehart J. Jäger, Friedrich Ebel, Peter Hanelt, Gerd K. Müller (eds.): Rothmaler excursion flora from Germany. Volume 5: Herbaceous ornamental and useful plants. Spectrum Academic Publishing House, Berlin Heidelberg 2008, ISBN 978-3-8274-0918-8 .
  • Hans Simon, Leo Jelitto, Wilhelm Schacht: “Die Freiland - Schmuckstauden”., P. 850, 5th edition, Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 3-8001-3265-6 .
  • Henk 't Hart, Bert Bleij, Ben Zonneveld: Sempervivum . In: Urs Eggli (Hrsg.): Succulent lexicon. Crassulaceae (thick leaf family) . Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2003, ISBN = 3-8001-3998-7, pp. 360-361.
  • Manuel Werner: Houseleek species in the Alps. Sempervivum and Jovibarba . In: Avonia . Volume 28, Number 4, 2010, pp. 149-156.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  485 .
  2. ↑ Philipp Neeff: Contributions to the taxonomy of the genus Sempervivum L. (Crassulaceae) with special consideration of the clans occurring in Asia Minor. Dissertation. Essen 2005, p. 52, PDF
  3. ↑ Manuel Werner: Houseleek species of the Alps. Sempervivum and Jovibarba. In: Avonia . Volume 28, number 4, 2010, pp. 149 and 155 f.
  4. ↑ Urs Eggli , Leonard E. Newton: Etymological Dictionary of Succulent Plant Names. Springer-Verlag Berlin, Heidelberg, New York. Page 34, 2004, ISBN 3-540-00489-0 .
  5. ↑ Jaakko Jalas, Juha Suominen, Raino Lampinen, Arto Kurtto: Atlas florae europaeae. Volume 12 (Resedaceae to Platanaceae). Pages 58–59, Helsinki 1999, ISBN 951-9108-12-2 .
  6. ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 1 IHW-Verlag, Eching near Munich, 2001, ISBN 3-930167-50-6 , page 637.

Web links

Commons : Mountain Houseleek ( Sempervivum montanum )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files