Hirschbichl (pass)

Hirschbichl
View from the German to the Austrian territory (1980). Right: Alpengasthof, center: former Austrian customs house (now the hostel Bergheim ), left (gate on the turnpike ): German Grenzerhütte.
Compass direction	north	southwest
Pass height	1183  m above sea level A.
state	Bavaria , Germany	Salzburg , Austria
Watershed	Klausbach → Ramsauer Ache → Berchtesgadener Ache	Weißbach → Saalach
Valley locations	Ramsau	Weißbach near Lofer
Mountains	Berchtesgaden Alps
Map (Salzburg)
Coordinates	47 ° 33 '10 "  N , 12 ° 47' 41"  E Coordinates: 47 ° 33 '10 "  N , 12 ° 47' 41"  E

View from the Austrian to the German territory (1999) - with the turnpike moved closer to the border line

The Hirschbichl (also called Mooswacht or Hirschbühel ) is 1183  m above sea level. A. high pass in the Berchtesgaden Alps , only 40 meters southwest of the Bavarian border; the top of the pass is in the Pinzgau in Austria . At the border there is an alpine inn that emerged from a customs guard house with a chapel built in 1849 ( Lage ).

localization

From the Hintersee in Ramsau the pass road follows the Klausbach in the Klausbachtal for 6.5 km at first flat, but then more and more steeply up to the top of the pass. Gradients of up to 30% are marked. The top of the pass itself is on a flat stretch of road in the forest. On the south side it leads, also steeply, through the Hintertal to Weißbach bei Lofer . On the Bavarian side, the road lies in the Berchtesgaden National Park and is closed to private motor vehicle traffic. From May to October an Alm adventure bus runs over the pass from both sides. It is possible to cycle on the pass.

On the Austrian side of the border lies the Koglperngericht district of the Fallck district of the Bavarian Saalforste .

History of the Hirschbichl

The mule track over the Hirschbichl served since the 13th century for the export of Schellenberger and Hallein salt to Tyrol. The so-called Mooswacht was expanded into a Salzburg pass fortification. In the winter of 1712, 115,000 sticks of salt were transported over the pass here . The pass was of military importance for the first time during the Salzburg peasant uprising of 1525/26. At that time, the former farmer leader Michael Gruber , who had moved to the camp of Archbishop Matthäus Lang von Wellenburg , crossed the pass. With his invasion of the Pinzgau he was able to conquer the whole country around Lofer .

The watchman at Hirschbichl also held the function of the Frohnwies hunter . It was not until 1750 that the two offices were separated, as the passport had been significantly expanded from 1742 onwards. The crossing was secured by palisades , the wood for it could be fetched from Berchtesgaden forests due to the forest recession of 1734. In 1744 a third block house was built. During the Austrian War of Succession , the State Defension Conference ordered that the wooden house near the water lock should be equipped with loopholes and completely surrounded by palisades.

The cattle barn was built in 1757 from the buildings that still exist today. The guard house was enlarged by one room in 1759. A beer tap was opened here as early as 1738, which led to complaints from the hosts of St. Martin and Frohnwies . In 1742 the court chamber decided in favor of the landlord, as otherwise his income would be too low. A legal basis for serving beer was created in 1805, when the guardhouse was converted into an inn and given a hospitality license.

In 1809, during the French Wars, the Hirschbichl was an important link in the line of defense between the Strub and Lueg passes . The Pinzgau riflemen were under the command of Anton Rauchbichler and were able to repel the Bavarian attacks. Only after the Austrian troops had evacuated the Lueg pass, the positions on the Hirschbichl were also given up.

Since Maria Kirchental was founded , a pilgrimage route has led from Berchtesgaden over the Hirschbichl to Sankt Martin bei Lofer . Various chapels, including the one on the top of the pass, show the route.

literature

• Friederike Zaisberger & Walter Schlegel : Castles and palaces in Salzburg. Pongau, Pinzgau, Lungau . Birch series, Vienna 1978, ISBN 3-85030-037-4 .

Web links

• Alpengasthof Hirschbichl , accessed on October 7, 2012
• Hirschbichl (1183 m) . In: quaeldich.de , accessed on October 7, 2012.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ http://www.almerlebnisbus.com/
2. ↑ Regionalverkehr Oberbayern (Red., Ed.): Mobility offer in the Berchtesgaden-Königssee tourism region. Deutsche Bahn, accessed on February 3, 2016 . 
3. ^ Friederike Zaisberger & Walter Schlegel : Castles and palaces in Salzburg. Pongau, Pinzgau, Lungau . Birken series, Vienna 1978, ISBN 3-85030-037-4 , p. 150-151 .
4. ^ Mooswacht and Jägerhaus am Hirschbühel , print from 1820