Bertram Schrieke

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Bertram Schrieke as Minister of Education of the Dutch East Indies in 1932 in South Sulawesi at a meeting with the Princess ( Datu ) of Luwu

Bertram Johannes Otto Schrieke (born September 18, 1890 in Zandvoort , † September 12, 1945 in London ) was a Dutch orientalist , anthropologist and politician.

Life

Schrieke, son of a civil servant, grew up in Enschede and Kampen and in 1909 began to study oriental languages ​​at the University of Leiden , where Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje became his most important teacher. In 1915 he published his first scientific study, an examination of the early Arabic traditions about the Ascension of Muhammad . In it, he argued that these traditions not only after the death of the Prophet resulting legends represented, but declined to a real religious experience of Muhammad.

In 1916 received his doctorate Schrieke with a dissertation on the Javanese Holy Sunan Bonang and the Islamization of Java . Immediately after completing his studies, he placed himself in the service of the colonial administration in the Dutch East Indies . From 1917 he worked there as a research assistant in the department for local affairs. From this position he carried out a comprehensive study of male and female circumcision rites in the various areas of Dutch India, the results of which were published in 1921/1922. The various circumcision instruments that he had collected during his investigation were shown at an exhibition on the occasion of the Congress of the Far Eastern Association for Tropical Medicine in Batavia in August 1921 .

In 1923 Schrieke became director of the museum of the Batavian Society for Arts and Sciences and professor of ethnology and sociology at the Faculty of Law in Batavia . During this time he mainly dealt with the Asian cultures as well as with Buddhism in Japan . In his essay The Evolution of Culture in the Pacific , published in 1926 , he dealt critically with the diffusionist theories of Fritz Graebner and William Halse Rivers Rivers . In 1929 Schrieke was appointed Minister for Education and Religious Affairs within the government of the Dutch East Indies. In this function he was mainly confronted with the need to cut costs caused by the global economic crisis .

In 1933 Schrieke received an invitation from the Julius Rosenwald Fund to stay in the United States to conduct an investigation into the life and educational situation of blacks , especially in the southern states . The result of this stay was his study Alien Americans , published in 1936 , which dealt not only with blacks but also with migration and racial relations in the USA in general.

Schrieke after his appointment as Minister of Education in the Netherlands in July 1939

After his return to the Netherlands in 1935, Schrieke was appointed Associate Professor of Colonial Ethnology at the University of Amsterdam . In 1937 he represented the Netherlands at the Nine Powers Conference in Brussels . After he had been entrusted with the supervision of the ethnological department of the colonial institute in 1938, he was appointed minister for education, arts and sciences in the cabinet of Hendrikus Colijn in the summer of 1939 . During the German occupation he was interned several times .

Schrieke lived the last years of his life in Wassenaar north of The Hague . He was with Pauline Schrieke, geb. Loeff, married. In 1945 he died childless in London, where he last served as the Dutch delegate to the first United Nations conference after the Allied victory. A study of the institution of royalty in pre-Islamic Java from an anthropological perspective, which Schrieke was unable to complete, appeared in English translation in 1957 as the second volume of his posthumously published writings.

Fonts (selection)

  • "The heavenly journey of Muhammad" in Der Islam 6 (1916) pp. 1–30.
  • Het Boek van Bonang , PhD dissertation, Leiden 1916. online
  • "Allerlei over de besnijdenis in the Indian Archipelago", in Tijdschrift voor Indische Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde 60 (1921), 373-578; 61: 1-94 (1922).
  • "The Evolution of Culture in the Pacific in Relation to the Theories of the 'Kultur-Historische' and the 'Manchester' Schools of Social Anthropology" in Proceedings of the Third Pan-Pacific Science Congress, Tokyo 1926. Vol. II, pp. 2423-2441.
  • Alien Americans. A Study of Race Relations . New York 1936.
  • Indonesian sociological studies; Selected writings of B [tram Johannes Otto] Schrieke . 2 vols. The Hague 1955-57.

literature

  • EJ Lindgren: "Obituary: Bertram Johannes Otto Schrieke, 1890-1945" in Man 48 (1948) 113-117.
  • Jaap Kunst : "In Memoriam Prof. BJO Schrieke", in: Cultureel Indië 7 (1945) 3-6.

Web links

Commons : Bep Schrieke  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ See Andrée Feillard, Marcoes Lies: "Female Circumcision in Indonesia: To" Islamize "in Ceremony or Secrecy" in Archipel 56 (1998) 337-367. Here pp. 342-350.
  2. ↑ See Koentjaraningrat: "Use of anthropological methods in Indonesian historiography" in Soedjatmoko (ed.): An Introduction into Indonesian Historiography . Ithaca 1965. pp. 299-325. Here p. 314f.
personal data
SURNAME Scream, Bertram
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Schrieke, Bertram Johannes Otto (full name); Scream, beep
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Dutch orientalist, anthropologist and politician
DATE OF BIRTH September 18, 1890
PLACE OF BIRTH Zandvoort
DATE OF DEATH September 12, 1945
Place of death London