Bibliotheca Botanica

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Title page of the 1st edition of Bibliotheca Botanica . Amsterdam, 1736

Bibliotheca Botanica is the title of a work by Carl von Linné in which, according to the aphorisms 1–52 set out in the first chapter of Fundamenta Botanica , he classified the botanical writings known to him in key points.

plant

The first edition appeared in 1736 under the full title Bibliotheca Botanica recensens Libros plus mille de plantis huc usque editos secundum Systema Auctorum Naturale in Classes, Ordines, Genera & Species dispositos, additis Editionis Loco, Tempore, Forma, Lingua, & c., Cum explicatione Fundamentorum Botanicorum pars Ima at the Amsterdam bookseller Salomon Schouten and also contained the text of the 1st edition of Fundamenta Botanica .

The first edition is dedicated to the Dutch doctor and botanist Johannes Burman .

History of origin

Already in Uppsala Linné was able to use the extensive libraries of Olof Rudbeck the Younger and Olof Celsius the Elder for his studies. In April 1735 he traveled to Europe to do his doctorate in Holland at the University of Harderwijk . His path led him first to Germany, where he stayed in Hamburg for some time . Here he met Johann Heinrich von Spreckelsen (1691–1764), who had a large library and an extensive collection of curiosities .

After receiving his doctorate on June 23, 1735 in Harderwijk , Linné traveled on to Leiden , where he met Johann Friedrich Gronov , along with numerous other personalities , whose library he also consulted for the expansion of his manuscript for the Bibliotheca Botanica . On the recommendation of Herman Boerhaave , Linné was guest of Johannes Burman during his stay in Amsterdam in August 1737 . Here he also met George Clifford .

With the help of the Burman and Clifford libraries, he finished the Bibliotheca Botanica on August 8, 1735 in the library of Johannes Burman .

Preface

With the library, as Linnaeus explains in his foreword, he delivers the first part of his views on botany in a short and handy form. His aim was to organize the botanical authors and their writings according to a " natural system ". He wants to make it easier for the learners to keep track of which author has contributed to a particular area of ​​botany.

In the following he compares the history of botany in the form of an allegory with the growth of a plant that ripens from a seed to flower .

content

Linnaeus' hierarchy of botanical scripts.

The title page of the Bibliotheca Botanica announces the review of more than a thousand books, which are divided into classes , orders , genres and species according to a “natural system of authors” . Linnaeus thus followed a principle of order that he had already applied to the three natural kingdoms of minerals , plants and animals in Systema Naturae in 1735 .

He structured the botanical writings as follows:

Botanici (botanist)

Collectores (collector)
  • I. Fathers - Fathers
    Graeci, Romani, Asiatici, Arabes, Barbari
  • II. Commentatores - Commentators
    Theophrasti, Dioscoridis, Plinii, Avicennae, Mesures
  • III. Ichniographi - Sketcher
    Monstrosi, Rudes, Usitatissimi, Nitidissimi
  • IV. Descriptores - Historians
    Neglecti, Usitatissimi, Selecti, Particulares
  • V. Monographi - Monographs
    Auctores, Disputatores
  • VI. Curiosi - researcher
    Europaei, Exotici, Museographi
  • VII. Adonistae - Botanical Gardens
    Publici, Privati
  • VIII. Floristae - author of Floren
    Sveci, Dani, Germani, Belgae, Britanni, Galli, Portugalli, Hispani, Itali, Hungari, Poloni, Moschovitae
  • IX. Peregrinatores - discoverers
    Europaei, Asiatici, Africani, Americani
Methodici (methodologist)
  • X. Philosophi - Philosophen
    Oratores, Eristici, Phytologi, Institutores
  • XI. Systematici - Systematics
    Heterodoxi, Universales, Particulares
  • XII. Nomenclatores - Nomenclators
    Synonymistae, Critici, Etymologi, Lexicographi

Botanophili (botany lover)

  • XIII. Anatomici - Anatome
    Practici, Theoretici
  • XIV. Hortulani - Gardener
    Universales, Particulares
  • XV. Medici - Pharmacologists
    Astrologi, Chemici, Observatores, Mechanici, Signatores, Chymologi, BotanoSystem
  • XVI. Anomalous - Not assignable to
    Poetae, Theologi, Bibliothecarii, Biologi, Miscellanei

The Roman numerals I-XVI. stand for the "class", the list immediately below for the "order". By “type” in his classification scheme, he understood the title of a work or a larger section of it. The different book editions form the "varieties" and the name of an author serves as a "genre" in his system.

pads

  • 1st edition, Amsterdam, 1736, 12 °
  • 2nd edition, Halle / Saale, 1747, 8 ° , with additions and error corrections
  • 3rd edition, Amsterdam, 1751, 8th, revised edition

swell

  • John Lewis Heller: Linnaeus's Hortus Cliffortianus . In: Taxon . Volume 17, No. 6, Dec. 1968, pp. 663-719
  • John L. Heller: Linnaeus's Bibliotheca Botanica . In: Taxon . Volume 19, No. 3, June, 1970, pp. 363-411
  • Richard Pulteney : A General View of the Writings of Linnaeus . London, 1781, pp. 55f.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Lic. Jur. utr. Johann Heinrich von Spreckelsen had the first private botanical garden laid out in Hamburg. Society of the Pfingsthöge of the von Spreckelsen . The genus Sprekelia Heist was named in his honor . the plant family of the Amaryllis family (Amaryllidaceae).
  2. ↑ The foreword is dated August 8, 1735
  3. ↑ Many of the terms are artificial words that are difficult to transfer

Web links

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