Biesenhorster sand

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Information board at the access road at the old airfield

The Biesenhorster Sand is an area in the east of Berlin where biotopes with endangered and protected animal and plant species are located. The 108 hectare site extends on both sides of the border between the districts of Lichtenberg and Marzahn-Hellersdorf (districts of Karlshorst and Biesdorf ). The Lichtenberger part covers 23.7 hectares. The name Biesenhorst is made up of the names of these districts (Bies- and -horst) ( trunk word ).

The area designated as a protected green area is bordered in the north by the former VnK route (today's U-Bahn line 5 ) near the Biesdorf-Süd underground station and in the east by the Berlin outer ring . In the south it ends shortly before the Berlin – Frankfurt (Oder) railway line at the Wuhlheide S-Bahn station , in the west it borders on allotment gardens in the Karlshorst district.

description

The Biesenhorster sand is one of the Ice Age stemming Sander surface . The dry grass areas are up to 450 meters wide. They are characterized by a great diversity of species. In addition to dry grass and open sand areas, groups of trees, tall perennials and individual woody plants can also be found.

Canadian goldenrod

Experts counted 382 ferns and flowering plants, 21 of which are on the red list , such as the endangered plant species common wound clover , small meadowsweet and cone-fruited cucumber as well as the endangered species common stone quendula and finger saxifrage . The slit-leaved cranesbill , a species previously listed as extinct in Berlin, was found on the Biesenhorster Sand .

Entomologists counted 1324 insect species, including 388 large butterfly species, of which 111 are on the Red List. 12 species were considered extinct in Berlin. One of the proven weevils was last seen in Berlin and Brandenburg over 100 years ago; one of the many bee species has been considered extinct in the region since 1912. There are also 25 species of grasshopper on the Biesenhorster Sand , including the Italian beautiful hedge and the largest population of the blue-winged sand hedge in Berlin.

778 species of beetles were detected, that is 20 percent of all known species for Berlin and Brandenburg. Eight percent of them are on the Berlin Red List.

The area offers favorable living conditions, with its dry grass surfaces that are up to 65 degrees hot in summer, also for small reptiles , especially for the strictly protected sand lizard . 33 species of birds breed on the Biesenhorster sand, including the Red List species Tawny Pipit , hood and Woodlark , wheatear , backed Shrike and Linnet .

history

The Biesenhorster Sand is geologically located in the Warsaw-Berlin glacial valley . Meltwater sands up to ten meters thick have deposited here. The original forest area was cleared in the middle of the 19th century and then used as arable land. After 1918 allotment gardens were created on the fields, which had to give way to the construction of the outer goods ring in the 1930s . For the construction of the neighboring railway systems, additional areas were filled with sand.

During the GDR era, the Wuhlheide marshalling yard, which had been in existence since 1953, and a barracks of the Soviet Army with a separate loading station were located on the site . With the withdrawal of the Soviet troops in 1994, the military use of the area ended. In the same year, the marshalling yard was shut down and the facilities subsequently dismantled. Since then, the territory has developed largely undisturbed, but the former use is still visible in many places.

The Naturschutzbund Deutschland (NABU) Berlin has been committed to preserving the Biesenhorster sand for a long time. Since the mid-1990s, he has been carrying out maintenance work on a regular basis in order to preserve the character of the area with valuable habitats and open land biotopes and to keep the dry grassland free from encroachment by natural woody growth. A care and development plan enabled alternative methods to maintain the current state, such as caring for the biotope by grazing with sheep and goats on five paddocks. The network of paths is used for local recreation.

Already in 2000 it was recommended to designate the green corridor from the Biesdorfer Kreuz in the north to the Wuhlheide in the south as a landscape protection area. The dry grassland in the Lichtenberg part was proposed as a nature reserve due to its remarkable flora and fauna . A procedure for placing under protection according to the Berlin Nature Conservation Act has been initiated (as of 2020)

Web links

Commons : Biesenhorster Sand  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ FIS broker. Existing green spaces in Berlin accessed on May 23, 2020.
  2. ↑ Map of Biesenhorster Sand
  3. ↑ a b c d Flyer of the Berlin Nature Conservation Union
  4. ↑ In the heat of the city. The Biesenhorster Sand on www.nabu.de
  5. ↑ Procedure for placing under protection - Ordinance for the nature reserve Biesenhorster Sand, districts Lichtenberg and Marzahn-Hellersdorf on Umwelt-beteiligung-berlin.de
  6. ↑ Lonely walks: Through the Biesenhorster Sand. In: Berliner Morgenpost , March 22, 2020.

Coordinates: 52 ° 29 ′ 20.4 "  N , 13 ° 32 ′ 51.7"  E