Field Stone Quendel

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Field Stone Quendel
Field stone quendel (Acinos arvensis)

Field stone quendel ( Acinos arvensis )

Systematics
Order : Mint family (Lamiales)
Family : Mint family (Lamiaceae)
Subfamily : Nepetoideae
Tribe : Mentheae
Genre : Stone Quendel ( Acinos )
Type : Field Stone Quendel
Scientific name
Acinos arvensis
( Lam. ) Dandy

The acinos arvensis ( Acinos arvensis ), also Common Steinquendel called, is a plant from the genus Steinquendel ( Acinos ) within the family of Labiatae (Lamiaceae).

Description and phenology

illustration
Zygomorphic flowers
The calyx tube is curved and bulbous at the base
Habitus

Vegetative characteristics

The Feld-Steinquendel is an annual to perennial herbaceous plant that reaches heights of 10 to 30 centimeters. The plant parts smell pleasantly aromatic of mint . It has prostrate to ascending stems .

The relatively small, cross-opposed leaves are divided into a short petiole and leaf blade. The simple leaf blade is about 1 centimeter long, lanceolate, oval to elliptical, with entire margins and mostly serrated in front.

Generative characteristics

Two to six short-stalked flowers are grouped together in a pseudo-whorl in the upper leaf axils.

The hermaphrodite flowers are zygomorphic and five-fold with a double flower envelope . The weakly two-lipped calyx is significantly shorter than the crown. The blue -purple crown is 7 to 15 millimeters long, red-purple with white spots on the three-lobed lower lip.

Phenology

The flowering period extends from June to September. The fruits ripen from July to the end of September.

Chromosome number

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 18.

ecology

The Feld-Steinquendel is a therophyte or a hemicryptophyte . A vegetative reproduction occurs through runners above ground .

The pollination is performed by honey bees , Hummelschweber and butterflies .

The fruit cup (with the fruit = diaspore) is closed and falls off; when dry it has an air bubble inside and is difficult to wet. The diaspore spreads as rain swarms or by ants .

Occurrence

The original distribution area of ​​the Feld-Steinquendel includes Europe , western Siberia , Asia Minor and the Caucasus region and Iran. For example, the field stone quendula is a neophyte in northwest Africa and North America . In Europe it was originally widespread in the Mediterranean area, but has now become naturalized northwards to Scandinavia.

In Central Europe it is rare in the lowlands east of the Elbe ; in the low mountain ranges with calcareous or basic rock it occurs in a scattered manner, as well as in the warm valleys of the Alps ; it rises to the foliage tree line .

The Feld-Steinquendel grows on grasslands , on roadsides and on rubble . It settles on gaps in dry grass , walls and gaps in paths, but it also walks on rocks, dunes and dams. The Feld-Steinquendel thrives best on calcareous , low-humus , loose and often sandy-gritty soils in warm summer locations . In Central Europe it is a character species of the Sedo-Scleranthetea class, but also occurs in defective plant communities of the Festuco-Brometea class.

Taxonomy

It was first published in 1753 under the name ( Basionym ) Thymus acinos by Carl von Linné in Species Plantarum , 2, page 591. The new combination to Acinos arvensis was made in 1946 by the English botanist James Edgar Dandy in Journal of Ecology. Published London , Volume 33, p. 326. Other synonyms for Acinos arvensis (Lam.) Dandy are: Acinos thymoides Moench , Calamintha acinos (L.) Clairville ex Gaud. , Clinopodium acinos (L.) Kuntze Satureja acinos (L.) Scheele . The specific epithet arvensis means "growing in fields."

swell

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Acinos arvensis (Lam.) Dandy, Gewöhnlicher Steinquendel. In: FloraWeb.de.
  2. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 812 .
  3. ↑ a b c Ruprecht Düll , Herfried Kutzelnigg : Pocket dictionary of plants in Germany and neighboring countries. The most common Central European species in portrait . 7th, corrected and enlarged edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01424-1 .
  4. ↑ Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Clinopodium acinos. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved February 27, 2018.
  5. ↑ a b c d Dietmar Aichele, Heinz-Werner Schwegler: The flowering plants of Central Europe . 2nd Edition. tape 4 : Nightshade plants to daisy plants . Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-440-08048-X .
  6. ↑ a b c d A. Kleinsteuber, T. von Breunig: Lamiaceae, Labiatae, Mint Family, Mint Family. In: Oskar Sebald, Siegmund Seybold, Georg Philippi, Arno Wörz (eds.): The fern and flowering plants of Baden-Württemberg . tape 5 : Special part (Spermatophyta, subclass Asteridae): Buddlejaceae to Caprifoliaceae . Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1996, ISBN 3-8001-3342-3 .
  7. ^ Acinos arvensis in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.

literature

  • A. Minkevičius et al .: Lietuvos TSR flora 3. Vilnius 1976.

Web links

Commons : Feld-Steinquendel ( Acinos arvensis )  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files