Biosfera Val Müstair
| Biosfera Val Müstair | |||
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| Location: | Graubünden , Switzerland | ||
| Specialty: | Biosphere reserve | ||
| Next city: | Val Müstair | ||
| Surface: | 198.65 km² | ||
| Address: |
www.biosfera.ch Center da Biosfera, Chasa Cumünala 7532 Tschierv |
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The Biosfera Val Müstair forms, together with the Swiss National Park and the maintenance and development zone Engadine, the first high-alpine UNESCO - Biosphere Reserve in Switzerland as well as a regional nature park of national importance. The nature park is between 1225 and 3180 m above sea level. M. and includes the municipality of Val Müstair .
Location and demarcation
The six municipalities Tschierv , Fuldera , Lü , Valchava , Sta. Since January 1st, 2009, Maria and Müstair have formed the political municipality of Val Müstair in the Engiadina Bassa / Val Müstair region of the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland. This part of the Münstertal (Val Müstair) is the easternmost part of Switzerland and borders on the Vinschgau in South Tyrol , Italy. The valley is connected to the rest of Switzerland by the Ofenpass , while neighboring Italy can be reached from Müstair to Taufers or via the Umbrailpass .
The community area is 198.65 km². The perimeter of the Regional Nature Park Biosfera Val Müstair encompasses the entire area of the municipality of Val Müstair and includes a sub-area of the Swiss National Park ( Val Nüglia ), various landscape conservation areas, floodplains , districts worthy of protection and the entire economic and settlement area.
nature and landscape
The Münstertal (Val Müstair) connects the Engadine with the Vinschgau in South Tyrol . The west-east valley descends gradually from the Ofenpasshöhe (2149 m above sea level) over Tschierv and Fuldera, then over Valchava and Sta. Maria to Müstair (1247 m above sea level) and on Italian soil further down via Taufers to Glurns. In the south, a mountain range with peaks up to 3000 meters high delimits the valley from Italy, with the summit height decreasing continuously to the east. The Piz Chavalatsch , the most easterly point in Switzerland, is 2763 meters high. A continental divide lies between the Val Vau and the Val Mora . While the Rom (catchment area 130.6 km²) drains the Val Müstair over the Etsch into the Adriatic Sea , the Aua da Val Mora (40 km²) flows via the Spöl, Inn and Danube into the Black Sea .
Geologically , the Val Müstair lies in the Eastern Alpine ceiling system and is embedded in the old crystalline S-charl ceiling. The region shows a strong split into several crystalline and sediment chips as well as a complicated folding process with unusual west and south-facing thrusts. Large packages of the sediments are schisty, worn down and therefore easily eroded. The side streams therefore carry away a lot of material, which is deposited in the valley floor in the form of debris cones. These cover the valley floor almost completely and represent favorable locations for agriculture. The one at 2,400 m above sea level presents a rich glacial treasure trove. M. located Karsee Lai da Rims , in the vicinity of which there are numerous round humps and polished glacier bars.
Climatically , the Val Müstair lies in the area of the continental inner-Alpine dry zone with a slight Mediterranean influence. The climate is mild and with little rain. At 1400 m above sea level M. the annual average temperature is 5.6 ° C, the annual precipitation is 800 mm. Precipitation in the Alpine region is even lower only in the neighboring Vinschgau , in the central Valais and in the Aosta Valley .
Objectives of the regional nature park
The original idea of building a regional nature park with the name Biosfera Val Müstair is based on the model of Armonia jaura . Under this title, the valley population strives to preserve their habitat. It is the declared goal that the areas of society, culture, nature, ecology and economy work together in a meaningful way, so also for future generations
- enough jobs are available,
- the population lives and lives in a good environment,
- the intact nature and the variety of landscapes are preserved.
Four main objectives are subordinated to this overall objective, which are important for sustainable development and on the basis of which the sub-projects initiated by the nature park of an ecological, economic and / or social nature are assessed in a balanced manner:
- Natural values: care and protection of nature and the various landscape forms. The region is characterized by ecological and scenic diversity, which also enhances other areas of life (e.g. tourism and quality of life).
- Cultural values: preservation and promotion of cultural values. The local dialect Jauer and the Romansh language in general must be cultivated and preserved for future generations.
- Society: respect and tolerance towards locals and guests as well as increasing the quality of life and living. The demands of the population and guests should be met. Incentives for living spaces should be created in the long term.
- Economy: Securing and creating sustainable jobs in industrial, commercial and service companies. Incentives are to be created that preserve employment opportunities in the valley. Emigration is to be reduced through local funding.
UNESCO biosphere reserve Engiadina Val Müstair
The Swiss National Park, the Biosfera Val Müstair Regional Nature Park and the Engadin maintenance and development zone have been part of the Engiadina Val Müstair UNESCO biosphere reserve since 2017 . The reserve consists of a core zone, a maintenance zone and a development zone. The core zone is used for nature conservation and is excluded from commercial use. The maintenance zone should limit disruptive influences on the core zone and largely enclose it. A nature-friendly and sustainable agricultural and forestry use takes place and is in line with the protection goals of the core zone. The development zone serves as a settlement and economic area to be developed in a sustainable manner in which the focus is on the promotion of nature-based tourism and regional products. The Val Müstair has the following shares in these zones:
- 8.29 km² or 4.9% are in the core zone,
- 86.34 km² or 49.7% in the care zone and
- 104.00 km² or 99.5% in the development zone.
The Engadin has the following shares in these zones:
- 162.04, km² or 95.1% are in the core zone,
- 87.55 km² or 50.3% in the care zone and
- 0.51 km² or 0.5% in the development zone.
The 170.3 km² Swiss National Park provides the biosphere reserve with the core zone, which is identical to the boundaries of the national park. The maintenance and development zones are in Val Müstair and in the Engadine. The total area of the reserve is 448.73 km². Recognition as a biosphere reserve and the award of the UNESCO label was made on the condition that the core zone must be completely surrounded by a maintenance zone in the future. Therefore, the municipality of Scuol provided the necessary maintenance zone and a small part of the development zone for the expansion of the biosphere reserve and thus recognition as a UNESCO biosphere reserve. The municipality of Scuol has been a cooperation partner of the biosphere reserve since January 1, 2016. In June 2017 the UNESCO label was definitely recognized.
