Bischofshagen
Bischofshagen was a medieval village in the Gerswalde municipality in the Uckermark district (Brandenburg). The former village location is marked by the desert church Berkenlatten . Today, on the former field mark of the submerged village, the communities of Böckenberg and Berkenlatten of the community of Gerswalde, newly founded in 1714, are located .
location
The village of the desert is located north of the Berkenlatten settlement and is marked by the ruins of the village church in Bischofhagen, the so-called desert church Berkenlatten. The exact location or the boundaries of the field mark of the former village are not known. The field mark certainly comprised the area of the original Böckenberg and Berkenlatten works, and could have reached as far as Arnimswalde . The demarcation to the west bordering Feldmark of the likewise desolate village of Langenhagen is speculative.
history
The village was first mentioned in the land book of Charles IV as Byscoppeshaghen . It was already desolate back then. The village and estate are mentioned again in 1416, but this is probably only a repetition of the original ownership structure. In 1481 only the Feldmark Bischofshagen is mentioned. The four parish hooves may indicate that the church was endowed after the Brandenburg tithe dispute (1237/38). In the Middle Ages the place belonged to the diocese of Cammin .
There are two options for interpreting the name. Enders favors a name transfer from Bischofhagen (today Löhne-Bahnhof , Herford district ). A name transfer from Langenhagen near Hanover is also conceivable for the neighboring desert Feldmark Langenhagen . However, it would be a very big coincidence if two transferred Hagen locations happened to be next to each other. It should be noted, however, that the name of Kaakstedt , which is not far away, is certainly a transferred name (from Cochstedt , Salzlandkreis , Saxony-Anhalt).
The other possible explanation is that both settlements may have been created as clearing sites according to Hagenrecht. The Hagenrecht is a form of free inheritance that was mainly used in the appointment of new settlers. Ein Hagen was an area cleared for clearing by the landlord and separated from the rest of the forest by previous measurements. The clearings mostly kept the basic word -hagen with the addition of a qualifier, either after the locator (e.g. Klaushagen), the landlord (e.g. Bischofshagen), a property of Hagen (Langenhagen, Breitenhagen), or a wish - or advertising names especially during the colonization period (e.g. Blumenhagen, Rosenhagen). Hagendörfer mostly also had the shape of a street village; the courtyards lay on both sides and the land belonging to them stretched beyond them.
In the case of Bischofshagen, the initiative for clearing must have come from the Bishop of Cammin, or from a Hagemeister with a surname or nickname Bishop. However, there is no evidence for this, because the documentary tradition only begins with the land register of 1375, a good 150 years after the village was established. At that time Bischofshagen belonged to the diocese of Cammin, but that does not mean that the bishop was the landlord here. In the case of Langenhagen, a neighboring town in the Middle Ages, the name would be self-explanatory due to the large number of hooves (84 hooves!). Lined up on a street, the result is a very long Hagen. A definitive decision for or against one or the other possibility of name declaration is not possible.
The village was first mentioned in the land book of Charles IV as Byscoppeshaghen . The original text is:
“Byscoppeshaghen 40 mansi. Quilibet dat in pactum 15 solidos, precaria sunt 5 solidi, 1 modius siliginis, 1 modius ordei, 1 modius avene. Ad dotem iacent 4 mansi. Richbrecht de Holtzendorp had 4 mansos cum omni iure. Fredericus de Stegelitz had pactum super 8 mansos. Richart de Holtzendorp has residues redditus huius ville. In hac villa sunt 10 mansi in possessione habentes libertatem ad triennium. Taberna dat 1 talentum et est in libertate ad triennium. Costenwords sunt 34, quelibet dat 13½ denarios in pactum et 6 denarios in censum, quarum due sunt in possessione, et sunt in libertate ad triennium; omnes alie sunt deserte. Ista villa iacet desolata .. "
After that, Bischofshagen was already completely deserted. It previously had 40 hooves , each hoof had to pay 15 shillings in rent. Five shillings, a bushel of rye, a bushel of barley and a bushel of oats were due on Bede . The church or the pastor had four free hooves. Richbrecht / Richart de Holtzendorp had a yard with four free hooves with all rights. Fredericus de Stegelitz was entitled to the lease of 8 Hufen. The local lord Richard von Holtzendorp was entitled to everything else in terms of landlord taxes and rights. Ten hooves were exempt from taxes for three years. The jug had to pay an annual fee of one talent (= 1 pound = 240 Brandenburg pfennigs), but also had three free years.
There were a total of 34 farms in the village. Each farm had to pay 13½ pfennigs in rent and 6 pfennigs in interest. However, only two farms had one owner, and they were also exempt from taxes for three years. However, it is conceivable that only the village was abandoned and that the above-mentioned Hufen were farmed from Gerswalde.
The village must have come to von Stegelitz soon after, because on January 1, 1416 Vivigentz von Stegelitz zu Stegelitz and Liborius von Stegelitz zu Fredenwalde village and Gut Bischofshagen sold to von Holtzendorf. In 1481 the von Holzendorf initially sold one half and in 1483 the other half of the Feldmark von Bischofshagen to the von Arnim. In the general loan letter of 1486, the field to Bischopshagen is then mentioned with every right, nothing uthgenomenn . However, the von Holtzendorf zu Fergitz still had logging rights in the so-called Bischofshagen of the Gerswalder Heide in the 17th century. These logging rights only came to von Arnim in 1724 together with Gut Fergitz.
As early as 1607, the two Vorwerke Böckenberg and Berkenlatten had been built on the field of the deserted village of Bischofshagen. They perished again in the Thirty Years War . In 1714 the two Vorwerk Berkenlatten and Böckenberg were rebuilt. Böckenberg even became a knight's seat. In 1714, the borders of the Feldmark Bischofshagen were no longer known, as the surviving draft of a fiefdom for the von Arnim on Gerswalde shows. For example, the original wording called Bischoffshagen or Böckenberg is crossed out again. Or called the field to Langenhagen or Böckenberg ; Böckenberg is copied here. Another passage is called: Bischoffshagen or Bercken Latten . Apparently, because of these no longer known borders of the Bischofshagen and Langenhagen field marks, there were also disputes among the various branches of the von Arnim in 1714, which had only ever received one loan letter.
Böckenberg and Berkenlatten remained in the possession of von Arnim until the beginning of the 20th century.
The church ruin Berkenlatten or Desert Church Berkenlatten
The church of the village, built from hewn stone blocks, was a rectangular hall (19.75 × 10.66 m) without a massive west tower. It originated in the second half of the 13th century. The gable fronts have been preserved. The east side has three ogival windows, the middle window reaching up to the eaves height of the side walls, the two side windows are lower. A pointed arched portal opens on the west side, and there is a round window in the west gable. Around the church ruins is the cemetery, which is still used today for burials.
literature
- Lieselott Enders : Historical local dictionary for Brandenburg. Part VIII: Uckermark. Hermann Böhlaus successor, Weimar 1986 (hereinafter abbreviated to Enders, Historical Ortlexikon für Brandenburg, Uckermark with corresponding page number)
- Johannes Schultze : The land book of the Mark Brandenburg from 1375. Brandenburg land books volume 2. Commission publishing house by Gsellius, Berlin 1940, p. 264/65.
- Sophie Wauer: Brandenburg name book. Part 9: The place names of the Uckermark. Verlag Hermann Böhlaus Successor, Weimar 1996, ISBN 3-7400-1000-2 (in the following abbreviated to Wauer, place names of the Uckermark with the corresponding page number)
Individual evidence
- ^ Wauer, place names of the Uckermark, p. 68.
- ↑ Wauer, Ortnames der Uckermark, p. 137.
- ↑ Horst-Detlef Illemann: Farmers' ownership in the diocese of Hildesheim: a source study with special reference to the basic rule of the former monastery of St. Michael in Hildesheim. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart, 1969, p. 19 ( limited preview on Google Books )
- ↑ Brandenburgisches Landeshauptarchiv :: Online research: Vivkeit von Stegelitz zu Stegelitz and Liborius von Stegelitz zu Fredenwalde sell the von Holtzendorf Dorf and Gut Bischofshagen. 1416 January 1
- ↑ a b Enders, Historisches Ortslexikon für Brandenburg, Uckermark, p. 566/67.
- ↑ Adolph Friedrich Johann Riedel : Codex Diplomaticus Brandenburgensis A. First main part or collection of documents on the history of spiritual foundations, the noble families, as well as the towns and castles of the Mark Brandenburg, XIII. Volume, Fourth Section. The Ukermark. 523 S., Berlin, Reimer 1857 Online at Google Books (p. 416)
- ^ Heinrich Jerchel (with preliminary work by Paul Eichholz, collaborators: Eberhard Küster, Richard Moderhack and Karl H. Marschallek): The art monuments of the province of Brandenburg. Volume III, 2. The art monuments of the Templin district. 277 pp., Berlin, Deutscher Kunstverlag, 1937, p. 56.
- ↑ Desert Church Berkenlatten
annotation
- ^ Wauer writes: Bischofshagen Kr. Höxter Westphalia. In addition, the Uckermark desert of Bischofshagen with wnw Greiffenberg is described geographically very imprecisely. Greiffenberg is 15 km away and has fewer inhabitants than Gerswalde.
Coordinates: 53 ° 8 ′ 44.3 " N , 13 ° 45 ′ 19.9" E