Bitter sap

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Bitter sap
Bitter sap

Bitter sap

Systematics
Class : Agaricomycetes
Subclass : Agaricomycetidae
Order : Mushroom-like (Agaricales)
Family : Snail relatives (Hygrophoraceae)
Genre : Juices ( Hygrocybe )
Type : Bitter sap
Scientific name
Hygrocybe mucronella
( Fr. ) P. Karst.

The bitter sapling ( Hygrocybe mucronella , syn. H. reae ) is a type of mushroom from the family of snail relatives . It is inedible.

features

Macroscopic features

The hat is thin, scarlet, vermilion to orange-red in color and often has yellowish tones. It is tinted golden yellow, especially towards the edge. Its diameter is 0.5 to 3.5 cm. The surface is greasy when young, but soon bare and translucently streaked towards the edge. The epidermis cannot be peeled off. It is dull and finely hairy.

The lamellae are initially whitish, later yellowish or reddish orange, their cutting edge is yellow. They are weakly to broadly grown or run down with a tooth on the stem. The tubular stem is smooth, shiny and greasy. It is orange-red in color, basal also whitish. It is 3 to 6 cm long and 2 to 5 mm thick. Sometimes he's squeezed.

The meat ( trama ) is tinted orange-yellow, quite tough and without odor. The taste is characteristically bitter. The spore powder is white.

Microscopic features

The spores are ellipsoidal and measure 7-10 x 4-5 micrometers. They are strongly constricted or widened towards the base. The basidia are 2- or 4-spore. There are no cystids .

Species delimitation

Numerous other species are externally similar due to the red colors, such as B. the yellow-edged sapling ( H. insipida ) or the Mennigrote sapling ( H. miniata ). However, these lack the bitter taste.

However, there is also a mild variant of the bitter sap with H. mucronella var. Mitis . In such cases, it is possible to distinguish it by the constricted or basal widened spores. This feature distinguishes the mushroom from all other saplings.

Ecology and phenology

The bitter sap grows in lean silicate and semi-dry lime lawns, moss-rich mountain and forest meadows, as well as extensively used pastures and roadsides that are each little or no fertilized. It colonizes shallow, moderately dry to clearly fresh soils. These are mostly basic, more rarely neutral or slightly acidic. They are well supplied with bases, but poor in nutrients (especially nitrogen ). These are lamellar brown and parabrown earths over lime , lime sand , marl , calcareous loess and more base-rich silicates .

The fruiting bodies appear from September to November and occur in groups.

distribution

The bitter sap is common in the Holarctic . It can be found in North America (USA, Greenland), Europe and East Asia (Japan). In Europe, the area extends from Great Britain, the Benelux countries and France in the west to Lithuania and Ukraine in the east and south to Italy and Romania and north to the Hebrides , Shetland , the Faroe Islands and southern Fennoscandinavia .

In Germany the fungus is scattered from Schleswig to southern Bavaria. It is particularly rare in the northern flatlands and in the lower hill country. The species is absent in Brandenburg and Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania .

supporting documents

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Rose Marie Dähncke : 1200 mushrooms. Determine easily and safely . Weltbild, Augsburg 2012, ISBN 978-3-8289-3112-1 , p. 156 .
  2. ^ Werner Rothmaler : Excursion flora from Germany. Volume 1: Rudolf Schubert, Horst Herbert Handke, Helmut Pankow (eds.): Lower plants. 3rd, revised edition, unchanged reprint. Spectrum Akademischer Verlag, Heidelberg et al. 2005, ISBN 3-8274-0655-2 .

Web links

Commons : Bitter Juice ( Hygrocybe mucronella )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files