Lead (II) hydroxide

Structural formula
General
Surname	Lead (II) hydroxide
other names	Lead hydroxide; causticized cerussite ;
Molecular formula	Pb (OH) 2
Brief description	white, amorphous powder
External identifiers / databases
EC number	243-310-3
ECHA InfoCard	100.039.358
PubChem	9859601
Wikidata	Q412573
properties
Molar mass	241.21 g mol −1
Physical state	firmly
density	7.41 g cm −3
Melting point	145 ° C (decomposition)
solubility	slightly soluble in water; insoluble in acetone; soluble in dilute acids and bases;
safety instructions
H and P phrases	H: 360Df-332-302-373-410
	P: ?
	As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions .

Lead (II) hydroxide is a chemical compound of lead from the group of hydroxides .

Extraction and presentation

According to consistent reports, a chemical compound "Pb (OH) ₂ " probably does not exist; instead, it is hydrated lead (II) oxides PbO · x H ₂ O (x <1). The term lead (II) hydroxide is usually used synonymously.

A white precipitate of lead (II) hydroxide can be obtained by reacting a lead (II) nitrate solution with sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide .

{\ displaystyle \ mathrm {Pb (NO_ {3}) _ {2} +2 \ NaOH \ longrightarrow Pb (OH) _ {2} +2 \ NaNO_ {3}}}

In the case of precipitation from solutions containing carbonate, basic lead carbonate (PbCO ₃ · 2Pb (OH) ₂ ) is normally obtained as the product.

Careful hydrolysis of lead (II) acetate solutions gives a crystalline product with the formula 6PbO · 2H ₂ O = Pb ₆ O ₄ (OH) ₄ . The substance consists of clusters in the form of a rhombic dodecahedron , in which the lead (II) ions are arranged in an octahedral manner and the triangular surfaces of the octahedron are covered by oxide and hydroxide ions.

properties

Lead (II) hydroxide is a white amorphous amphoteric powder that only slightly dissolves in water. It dehydrates from a temperature of 130 ° C and decomposes from 145 ° C to lead (II) oxide and water.

{\ displaystyle \ mathrm {Pb (OH) _ {2} \ {\ xrightarrow {\ 145 ^ {o} C \}} \ PbO + H_ {2} O}}

With carbon dioxide it forms lead (II) carbonate

{\ displaystyle \ mathrm {Pb (OH) _ {2} + CO_ {2} \ longrightarrow PbCO_ {3} + H_ {2} O}}

and with acids their lead salts: (example with sulfuric acid to lead (II) sulfate )

{\ displaystyle \ mathrm {Pb (OH) _ {2} + H_ {2} SO_ {4} \ longrightarrow PbSO_ {4} +2 \ H_ {2} O}}

When dissolved in strong alkalis, it dissolves with the formation of a hydroxo complex ion [Pb (OH) ₃ ] ^- and the formation of plumbates .

use

Lead hydroxide is used in the manufacture of porous glass and in electrolytes in sealed nickel-cadmium batteries . It is also used in the recovery of uranium from seawater and as a catalyst for the oxidation of cyclododecanol .

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ Pradyot Patnaik: Handbook of Inorganic Chemicals. Mcgraw-Hill Professional, 2002, ISBN 978-0070494398 .
^ Entry on lead compounds in the GESTIS substance database of the IFA , accessed on January 10, 2017(JavaScript required) .
↑ Not explicitly listed in Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008 (CLP) , but with the specified labeling it falls under the group entry lead compounds with the exception of those specified elsewhere in this Annex in the Classification and Labeling Inventory of the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) , accessed on February 1, 2016. Manufacturers or distributors can expand the harmonized classification and labeling .
^ ^A ^b ^c A. F. Holleman , E. Wiberg , N. Wiberg : Textbook of Inorganic Chemistry . 102nd edition. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2007, ISBN 978-3-11-017770-1 , p. 916.
^ RA Howie, W. Moser: Structure of Tin (II) “Hydroxide” and Lead (II) “Hydroxide” . In: Nature . tape 219 , no. 5152 , July 1968, ISSN 0028-0836 , p. 372–373 , doi : 10.1038 / 219372a0 ( nature.com [accessed October 23, 2018]).
↑ RJ Hill: Structure of Pb3O2 (OH) 2 by Rietveld analysis of neutron powder diffraction data . In: Acta Crystallographica Section C Crystal Structure Communications . tape 41 , no. 7 , July 15, 1985, ISSN 0108-2701 , pp. 998–1003 , doi : 10.1107 / s0108270185006345 ( iucr.org [accessed October 23, 2018]).
↑ Therald Moeller; Chemistry with inorganic qualitative analysis; ISBN 0125033508

[scribd-1] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ Pradyot Patnaik: Handbook of Inorganic Chemicals. Mcgraw-Hill Professional, 2002, ISBN 978-0070494398 .

[GESTIS-2] Entry on lead compounds in the GESTIS substance database of the IFA , accessed on January 10, 2017(JavaScript required) .

[CLP_100.240.788-3] Not explicitly listed in Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008 (CLP) , but with the specified labeling it falls under the group entry lead compounds with the exception of those specified elsewhere in this Annex in the Classification and Labeling Inventory of the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) , accessed on February 1, 2016. Manufacturers or distributors can expand the harmonized classification and labeling .

[HoWi-4] A ^b ^c A. F. Holleman , E. Wiberg , N. Wiberg : Textbook of Inorganic Chemistry . 102nd edition. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2007, ISBN 978-3-11-017770-1 , p. 916.

[5] RA Howie, W. Moser: Structure of Tin (II) “Hydroxide” and Lead (II) “Hydroxide” . In: Nature . tape 219 , no. 5152 , July 1968, ISSN 0028-0836 , p. 372–373 , doi : 10.1038 / 219372a0 ( nature.com [accessed October 23, 2018]).

[6] RJ Hill: Structure of Pb3O2 (OH) 2 by Rietveld analysis of neutron powder diffraction data . In: Acta Crystallographica Section C Crystal Structure Communications . tape 41 , no. 7 , July 15, 1985, ISSN 0108-2701 , pp. 998–1003 , doi : 10.1107 / s0108270185006345 ( iucr.org [accessed October 23, 2018]).

[7] Therald Moeller; Chemistry with inorganic qualitative analysis; ISBN 0125033508