Bollen (Achim)

Bollen City of Achim Coordinates: 53 ° 0 ′ 34 "  N , 8 ° 56 ′ 47"  E
Height :	7 m above sea level NHN
Residents :	214  (2012)
Incorporation :	July 1, 1972
Postal code :	28832
Area code :	04202
Location of Bollen in Lower Saxony
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Bollen is a village in Lower Saxony on the Weser just before the state border with Bremen . On July 1, 1972, Bollen was incorporated into the town of Achim in the Verden district.

Bollen has an area of ​​406.4 hectares to the right of the Weser; to the left of the Weser are the Boller Holz (78.4 ha) and the Boller Weide (40.8 ha), which do not belong to the town of Achim. The village is on Kreisstraße  1, which leads to Mahndorf (Bremen). Federal Motorway 1 runs 2 km to the north .

history

Place name

In a Middle Low German dictionary it says under “bolle”: “everything that is round, button-like or spherical in shape”. The name Bollen could therefore be interpreted as "settlement on hill (s)". August Freudenthal writes in his Heidefahrten in 1892 about the “spacious farmsteads, which are mostly located on elevated Wurten or 'Bulten' because of the risk of flooding, which the place perhaps owes its name to.” In fact, almost all of the old Bollen farms are built on hills or Wurten to protect against flooding during Weser floods. It was not until the 1960s that the dikes were greatly increased and the security of the village was decisively improved.

First documentary mention

Bollen has been around for more than 900 years. In a document from the years before 1110 or 1111 that can no longer be dated precisely, Bollen is first mentioned in a document in connection with an exchange of goods. On this occasion, a village festival was celebrated for the 900th anniversary in 2011 and a large memorial stone was inaugurated at the entrance to the village.

Gogericht / circle

Administratively, Bollen belonged - like the other communities of the parish Arbergen - to the Gogericht Achim. Since the 13th century there was "the Gow between Langwedel and Bremen"; renamed from about 1600 by the count Lüder Clüver to "Gohgericht Achim". Until 1932 the villages of the parish Arbergen belonged to the Achim district, from October 1, 1932 to the newly designed Verden district . The communities Hemelingen , including Arbergen, which was incorporated into Hemelingen on April 1, 1929, and Mahndorf were ceded to the Free Hanseatic City of Bremen on November 1, 1939 through an exchange of territory . Bollen and Uphusen remained part of the Verden district.

Abandonment of independence

For centuries Bollen was an independent municipality with z. B. its own local council, its own mayor, its own tax revenue, its own budget law and its own school. It was not until July 1, 1972 that Bollen lost its independence as a political municipality and joined the city of Achim with Baden , Bierden , Embsen , Uesen and Uphusen.

Since then, there has been a “Committee for Bollen Local Affairs” for Bollen, which is filled by the Achim City Council according to the votes cast. The local committee chairman is assigned from the Achimer city council. He does not have to live in Bollen.

In addition, there is a mayor in Bollen, who is appointed by the party that received the most votes in the local elections. Since November 1, 2001, the local committee chairman Bernd Junker (SPD), the mayor Heiko Distler (SPD). Both were confirmed in office after the 2006 and 2011 elections.

Population development

At the time of the merger, Bollen was the smallest of the merged communities (as of May 27, 1970: 196 inhabitants).

Bollen has retained its village character. According to a census of October 19, 1757, Bollen had 150 inhabitants. After the war, due to displaced persons and refugees , the number of inhabitants rose to almost double that of the pre-war period - 196 in 1939, 384 on December 1, 1949 (192 locals and 192 displaced persons) - then 257 in 1960 and 214 in 2012 to roughly level off again to the old level. In other municipalities, the population has risen sharply, while in Bollen it has remained stable.

The number of houses rose from 1780 in 150 years to 1930 from 33 to 39. After the war 44 houses were counted, in 1963 41. In the 1960s, three houses on the Bollener Esch were demolished in the course of dike protection measures, in the village six new houses were built, so that the post-war number of 44 houses was reached again in 1971. In the 1970s (13 new houses) and 1990s (17 new houses) there was a real construction boom by Bollener standards. Building and village development remained moderate overall.

From 1971 onwards, the following overview does not count the demolished and replaced houses, but only newly added houses. In some old houses, additional apartments were created that are not included here.

Development of residential buildings and population numbers

(Year - number of residential buildings - inhabitants)

• 1535 - 15 taxable farms
• 1583 - 21 taxable farms
• 1602–1622 taxable farms, 71 people over 14 years
• 1647 - 19 taxable farms
• 1686 - 24 taxable farms
• 1753 - 30 fire places (village: 29, Grummenstreek: 1) 1757: 150 inhabitants
• 1780 - 33 houses, 29 outbuildings, 1786: 199 inhabitants
• 1823 - 31 fire places (village: 28: Esch: 2, Grummenstreek: 1) 1823: 220 inhabitants (village: 200, Esch: 13, Grummenstreek: 7)
• 1852 - 39 residential buildings, 285 inhabitants
• 1861 - 42 residential buildings (village: 36, Esch: 5, Grummenstreek: 1), 285 inhabitants (village: 251, Esch: 30, Grummenstreek: 4)
• 1875 - 39 residential buildings, 41 households, December 1, 1875: 220 inhabitants
• 1900–1937 residential buildings, 197 inhabitants
• 1930–1939 residential buildings, 248 inhabitants
• 1933 - 196 people present
• 1939 - 196 inhabitants
• 1946 - October 1st, 356 residents (including 181 refugees)
• 1948 - December 1st, 373 residents (including 194 refugees)
• 1949 - December 1st, 384 residents (including 192 refugees)
• 1950 - 44 normal residential buildings, 49 normal apartments, 94 private households, 351 residents (including 147 displaced persons), 7.16 people per apartment, 1.92 private households per apartment
• 1954 - January 1, 1954: 289 inhabitants (90 of them displaced)
• 1956 - 43 normal apartments, January 1, 1956: 282 inhabitants (of which 77 were displaced)
• 1959 - 42 residential buildings, January 1, 1958: 245 inhabitants
• 1961 - 60 apartments, 61 private households, June 6, 1961: 232 inhabitants, 3.73 people per apartment
• 1963 - 41 residential buildings, 214 inhabitants
• 1971 - 44 residential buildings, 197 inhabitants
• 1980 - 57 residential buildings
• 1990 - 59 residential buildings
• 2000–2076 residential buildings
• 2012–2078 residential buildings, 214 inhabitants

Up to January 1st, 1977 there was a consecutive numbering of the house numbers in Bollen. The last house number assigned was number 51. On January 1st, 1977 street names were introduced in Bollen. There are now: Bollener Landstrasse, Bollener Dorfstrasse, Bollener Deich and Bornweg.

Social structure and power relations

For centuries there were 11 builders and 14 Kötner (owners of a cottage ) in Bollen ; The first Brinkitzers can be identified from 1717 and the first cultivators from around 1830. In 1852 there were 11 builders, 14 Kötner, 5 Brinkitzer and 5 cultivators. There were a few craftsmen - mostly they also had small farms and the status of cultivators - and homeless people (families without their own house or land, today one would say “tenants”). In the 1852 census, 7 housebuilders, 1 teacher and 2 shepherds were expelled.

Due to the small size of the community, all important decisions up to the fall of the emperor in 1918 were made in community meetings. Only the men were entitled to vote. The men had different numbers of votes depending on their social weighting. The rich peasants, the builders, had the most votes and therefore had the power to make decisions. In a community meeting on April 2, 1864 it was said: “It was agreed that the votes should be cast in the usual way, so that a Baumann 42, a Kötner 6, a Brinkitzer 3 and a grower and Häusling should have 1 vote. "

At the municipal assembly on January 28, 1879, the voting proportions were determined according to the direct taxes paid:

• 1st class of 200 marks and over 40 votes
• II. Class from 100 Marks to 200 Marks 25 votes
• III. Class from 40 marks to 100 marks 15 votes
• IV. Class from 20 Marks to 40 Marks 6 votes
• V. class from 10 marks to 20 marks 4 votes
• VI. Class from 5 marks to 10 marks 2 votes
• VII. Class up to 5 marks including 1 vote

Until the fall of the emperor in 1918, the balance of power remained almost unchanged. It was not until the Weimar Republic that all citizens were given the same right to vote: one vote for each person entitled to vote.

Although there was already general and equal suffrage for the election of the National Assembly on January 2, 1919, and although there was still the election to the Prussian Landtag on January 26, 1919 and the municipal council elections on March 2, 1919, and the Weimar Constitution on August 11 Coming into force in 1919, the Bollener record book reports that at a community meeting on August 15, 1919, with the old voting ratios, a member and a deputy for an income tax pre-assessment committee were elected.

Example distribution of votes: Lür Ellmers (Baumann, No. 2) = 40 votes, Hinrich Ellmers (Baumann, No. 3) = 40 votes, Hinrich Meinken (Baumann and brickworks owner, No. 11) = 25 votes), Dietrich Warnken (Baumann, No. 9) = 20 votes… Hermann Vagt (Kötner, No. 21) = 15 votes, Johann Tietjen (Brinksitzer, No. 31) = 15 votes… Brüne Gerken (Kötner and innkeeper, No. 25) = 6 votes… Johann Puvogel (grower, no. 39) = 2 votes, Johann Garlich (grower, no. 35) = 2 votes ...

The presence of women is not recorded in the log book. Actually, the women would have had the right to participate and already all had the same right to vote. After local parliaments had been elected nationwide on March 2, 1919, a nine-member community committee was also elected in Bollen on October 18, 1919.

politics

Community leader, mayor, mayor

For centuries, the community leader was elected from the most powerful social class in the village, the builders. In Bollen the mayor changed about every five years. In 1874, Hinrich Meyer, a Kötner, was elected to a political position for the first time. He became an alderman (that was the deputy of the community leader). He held this position until he was elected mayor in 1877.

• 1877–1907 Parish Mayor Hinrich Meyer (Kötner, Bollen No. 13)
  On October 12, 1903, Hinrich Meyer from Bollen received the “General Badge of Honor” from the Prussian King for his 25-year term as community leader. The text: On the orders of his Majesty the King, the General Commission in matters of the Royal Prussian Order testifies that his Majesty has deigned to award the community leader Hinrich Meyer zu Bollen in the Achim district the general badge of honor. This certificate has been made out under our signature and seal for authentication.
• 1907–1919 Mayor Hinrich Ellmers (Baumann, Bollen No. 3)
• 1919–1922 mayor Dettmer Meier (Baumann, Bollen No. 10)
• 1922–1933 Mayor Hermann Vagt (Kötner, Bollen No. 21)
• 1933–1971 Mayor Hermann Reiners (Kötner, Bollen No. 17)
• 1971–1972 Mayor Erich Warnken (Baumann, Bollen No. 9)
• End of self-employment on July 1, 1972
• 1972–1976 Local Committee Chairman Hinrich Lueßen (not from Bollen, CDU), Mayor Friedrich Helmers, Bollen No. 27 (CDU)
• 1976–1986 Local Committee Chairman Paul Schwittek (not from Bollen, CDU), Mayor Henry Tietjen, Bollener Dorfstr. 70 (CDU), both officiated for two terms
• 1986–1991 local committee chairman and mayor Heiko Distler, Bollener Dorfstr. 60 A (SPD)
• 1991–1996 Chair of the local committee Ilse Rüggebrecht-Hesse (not from Bollen, Grüner), Mayor Heiko Distler, Bollener Dorfstr. 60 A (SPD)
• 1996–2001 Local Committee Chairman Heiko Distler, Bollener Dorfstr. 60 A (SPD), Mayor Lars Gagelmann, Bollener Deich 19 A (CDU)
• 2001–2006 local committee chairman Bernd Junker, Bollener Dorfstr. 44 (SPD), Mayor Heiko Distler, Bollener Dorfstr. 60 A (SPD). Both were confirmed in office after the 2006 and 2011 elections.

Economy and Infrastructure

traffic

Although Bollen belongs to the city of Achim, it can only be reached on public roads via Bremen-Mahndorf.

There is no public transport. The next bus stop and the next train station can be found in neighboring Mahndorf. Bollen is basically a dead end - with the possibility of turning. Since the public ferry service across the Weser was discontinued in 1963, there has been no more Weser crossing. Through traffic is not possible.

ferry

When the Weser changed its course around the 16th century, the Bollener farmers were separated from almost 120 hectares of their land. In order to be able to continue to cultivate this land - after all, more than a fifth of the total area - they operated a ferry. This ferry is mentioned in a document as early as 1593. The bailiff von Thedinghausen was invited to the court in Bremen on October 1, 1593, using the ferry in Bollen. In 1913 a new guest house and ferry house was built on the Bollen side directly on the Weser, later it was named "Strandhalle". The ferryman lived there, was a shepherd on the Bollener Esch and ran the inn. Public ferry traffic was discontinued in 1962. In 1963 the three houses on the Esch were demolished as lying in the foreland of the dike. For a few years the farmers in Bollen used their ferry when necessary until it was finally scrapped in 1972. The former Bollener lands on the other side of the Weser do not belong politically to the municipality of Achim.

Weser cycle path

Bollen has been an alternative part of the Weser cycle path since 2000 . In the official map of the Weserbund, the Weserradweg leads over the Uesen bridge to the other side of the Weser. The "alternative route" leads via Bierden, Hilgenberg (Uphusen), Clüverswerder, Bollen, through the Grummenstreek over the dike to Hemelingen.

The Bollener Esch

The foreland of the dike is essentially referred to as the Bollener Esch. Starting from the village, approx. 63 hectares (629,655 m²) are to the left of the former Fähr-Straße and approx. 10 hectares (108,121 m²) to the right of the road. The Esch was settled until 1963: The Bollener Esch was first mentioned in documents in 1766. A discharged soldier founded a cultivation place here. In 1861 there were five residential buildings with 30 people on the Bollener Esch, u. a. a shepherd family. The shepherd looked after the cattle of the Bollen builders.

In 1962 there was the ferry house, a farm and a house. This house has a particularly varied history: it was built in 1892 as a cement-panel roof factory by Johann Meinken. After production was stopped at the end of the 1920s, the Achimer " Stahlhelm, Bund der Frontsoldaten " took over the building in 1932 and used it as a military sports center for his youth organization, the Jungstahlhelm. The steel helmet was dissolved by the National Socialists in 1935. From 1938 the building was used as a school camp for the Osterholzer Heerstr. utilized. But only for a short time. The National Socialists started the world war and from 1941 a large flak position was built here on the Bollener Esch to protect Bremen. At the turn of the year 1943/44, three anti-aircraft batteries with 21 guns and around 200 anti-aircraft soldiers were stationed here at the top. There are still three concrete plinths on the meadow today, the remains of the flak foundations. The building was the flak kitchen from 1941 to 1945. After the war it was used as a residential building for numerous bombed-out people, refugees and displaced persons. In 1963 all houses on the Esch were demolished as lying in the foreland of the dike.

school

From 1700 on, schooling can be proven in Bollen, initially in an inn. In 1731 a school building was built. Bollen always had a one-class school. After the Second World War , the situation in the school was dramatic: in 1939 there were 14 students (7 girls, 7 boys), on February 1, 1949 there were 68 students (28 girls, 40 boys). On November 30, 1966 the school was closed. At that time there were still 16 students (10 girls, 6 boys). Since then, the primary school students have been traveling to the neighboring village in Uphusen and, after finishing primary school, to Achim.

Agriculture

Bollen was always an agricultural village. As in the rest of the country, the focus has shifted. The number of farms has decreased, people now mainly work in offices and companies in Bremen and elsewhere:

• In 1948 there were still 42 “rural properties” in Bollen.
• In 1979 there were three full-time and five part-time businesses, each with more than five hectares of land.
• In 2013 there were still three full-time agricultural businesses, with one farmer operating an industrial pig fattening operation since November 2009 and a biogas plant since 2010, while another has supplemented his operation with a riding hall and numerous horse stalls. A riding hall was also built on another former Baumann farm and the Buchenhof riding club was launched. There is also a part-time agricultural business.

Commerce and ranching

According to the 1970 cattle count, there were nine horses in Bollen, seven of which belonged to the horse breeder Henry Tietjen. Horses no longer played a role in agriculture as early as 1970. In 2013 there are well over 100 horses and two riding arenas in Bollen.

There is no industry in Bollen. From around 1861 to around 1930 there were two brickworks on the edge of the village. In 1892 a cement roof panel factory is built on the Bollener Esch. Numerous Bollener buildings were covered with cement roof panels from this factory. Production is stopped at the end of the 1920s. Even today there is a house and some stable buildings with the cement roof panels from the production in Bollen. In Uphusen, too, you can still find a few buildings with the cement roof panels made in Bollen.

Tourist infrastructure

There are two campsites in Bollen. Another campsite - the “Boller Holz” campsite - is on the other side of the Weser; he belongs to Riede.

religion

For centuries Bollen belonged to the parish of Arbergen. The parish Arbergen belonged to the church location Arbergen, Hemelingen, Mahndorf, Uphusen and Bollen. In 1890 Hemelingen got its own church, in 1965 Mahndorf. Mahndorf, Uphusen and Bollen have been part of the St. Nikolai parish in Mahndorf since 1965.

literature

• Johannes Spöhring: The interpretation of the place names of the district of Verden . In: Robert Kienzle (ed.): Home calendar for the district of Verden 1960, Verden 1959, p. 76.
• Reinhard Dietrich: The first mention of the village of Bollen 900 years ago and the noble families of the "von Bolland" in document books . In: Home calendar for the district of Verden 2011, pp. 106-107.
• Horst Korte: History of the city of Achim and its districts. Part 1. From prehistory to the end of the Thirty Years' War . Bremen 1995, p. 40.
• Bollen local family book : Since 2011 there has been a Bollen local family book created by Heinz Fruchtchtenicht (Hemelingen). All families and their family members since the establishment of church registers in the parish of Arbergen around 1663 to 1800 are presented here. The other data from 1800 can be obtained from members of “Die Maus. Society for Family Research e. V. Bremen ”in the“ Internal Directory ”.

Individual evidence

1. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 247 .
2. ↑ The official website of the InfoZentrale Weser-Radweg . Online at weser-radweg.de.
3. ↑ What is "The Mouse"? . Website Die Maus. Society for Family Research e. V. of July 10, 2013. On BremenOnline, accessed on May 20, 2013.