Boscalid

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Structural formula
Structure of boscalid
General
Surname Boscalid
other names
  • Nicobifene
  • BAS 510
  • 2-chloro- N - (4′-chlorobiphenyl-2-yl) nicotinamide ( IUPAC )
Molecular formula C 18 H 12 Cl 2 N 2 O
Brief description

white, crystalline or powdery solid

External identifiers / databases
CAS number 188425-85-6
EC number 606-143-0
ECHA InfoCard 100.115.343
PubChem 213013
ChemSpider 184713
DrugBank DB12792
Wikidata Q894358
properties
Molar mass 343.21 g mol −1
Physical state

firmly

density

1.394 g cm −3

Melting point

142.8-143.8 ° C

solubility
  • poorly soluble in water
    (0.00464 g l −1 at 20 ° C)
  • readily soluble in N , N -dimethylformamide
    (> 250 g l −1 at 20 ° C)
  • easily soluble in dichloromethane
    (200–250 g · l −1 at 20 ° C)
  • readily soluble in acetone
    (160–200 g · l −1 at 20 ° C)
safety instructions
GHS labeling of hazardous substances
09 - Dangerous for the environment
H and P phrases H: 411
P: 273
Toxicological data

> 2000 mg kg −1 ( LD 50 ,  rat ,  transdermal )

As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions .

Boscalid is a fungicide from the group of carboxamides . It was developed by BASF and came onto the market in 2003. In its pure form it forms colorless and odorless crystals.

history

Carboxin

Boscalid is based on the fungicide carboxin , which was introduced 50 years earlier .

use

Boscalid is mainly used in fruit, vegetable and viticulture.

Boscalid was the first fungicide from the succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor class.

toxicology

Boscalid is low in toxicity when ingested, inhaled or absorbed through the skin. In feeding studies on rats, mice and dogs, decreases in body weight and irrations in the liver and thyroid were found.

Toxicological data:

Dismantling

Boscalid is only slowly degraded in the soil, the DT 90 time is over 1 year. The active ingredient can therefore potentially accumulate in the soil.

Carcinogenicity

A carcinogenicity is supported by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) granted while, but the cancer-causing potential is considered harmless to humans.

Residues

Food contamination of up to 59% of the permitted daily dose (ADI) of boscalid was detected on commercially available vegetables ( rocket and lettuce) from Greenpeace.

In Switzerland there is a relatively high maximum residue level of 30 milligrams boscalid per kilogram for fennel and celery .

Ecological damage

Boscalid is a long-lasting compound and is used in large quantities (several hundred tons per year). Nevertheless, the EPA expects only minor environmental pollution due to the low mobility of boscalid in the soil. However, it can get into groundwater and surface waters through drifts during application and through soil erosion . Because of the seasonal application, the EPA expected only relatively low pollution in water bodies. If boscalid is used within the prescribed limits and only for the purposes applied for, boscalid is only of low risk to the environment according to the EPA.

Significant pollution in surface waters has been demonstrated in Rhineland-Palatinate. In a measurement program carried out by a Rhineland-Palatinate state office between 2008 and 2009, boscalid is the most frequently detected fungicide. It was found in every sample in 12 of 24 rivers examined. With five measured annual averages of> 0.1 μg / l, it is in second place after Dimethomorph among the pesticides examined. In Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, boscalid was not detected noticeably more often than other pesticides in a special measurement program.

Admission

In a number of EU countries, including Germany, Austria and Switzerland, plant protection products with boscalid as an active ingredient (e.g. Cantus ) are approved.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g United States Environmental Protection Agency (Ed.): Pesticide Fact Sheet Boscalid , July 2006, last viewed on December 11, 2011.
  2. ↑ a b c d e f Federal Office for Consumer Protection and Food Safety (Ed.): Boscalid (Nicofibren), active ingredient no. 1023-1 , last seen on November 26, 2011.
  3. ↑ a b c Datasheet Boscalid at Sigma-Aldrich , accessed on September 22, 2018 ( PDF ).
  4. ↑ a b c State Office for the Environment, Water Management and Trade Supervision (Ed.): PPP active ingredients in surface waters, results and evaluations of the measurement programs 2008/2009 ( Memento from February 22, 2014 in the Internet Archive ), 7/2010, accessed on 11. December 2011.
  5. ↑ a b State Office for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Geology Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania (Ed.): Special report on plant protection and drug findings in surface waters and in the groundwater of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania in spring 2008 (PDF; 2.8 MB), last viewed on December 11th 2011.
  6. ↑ Wolfgang Krämer, Ulrich Schirmer, Peter Jeschke, Matthias Witschel: Modern Crop Protection Compounds: Herbicides, Volume 1 . Wiley-VCH, 2011, ISBN 978-3-527-32965-6 , pp. 1231 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  7. ^ Entry on Boscalid in the Hazardous Substances Data Bank , accessed December 11, 2011.
  8. ↑ Signum approval report
  9. ↑ Greenpeace (ed.): Pesticides in lettuce and rocket (PDF; 375 kB), February 2010.
  10. ↑ Ordinance of the EDI on the maximum levels for pesticide residues in or on products of plant and animal origin. In: admin.ch . Retrieved February 6, 2020 .
  11. ↑ General Directorate Health and Food Safety of the European Commission: Entry on Boscalid (formerly nicobifen) in the EU pesticide database ; Entry in the national registers of plant protection products in Switzerland , Austria and Germany ; accessed on February 17, 2016.