Brüglinger level
The Brüglinger Ebene is an area in the canton of Baselland used as a local recreation zone , which borders the city of Basel as the northernmost part of the municipality of Münchenstein . In the possession of Christoph Merian , it formed together with the adjacent areas as the "Hofgut Brüglingen" one of the largest private estates in Switzerland in the 19th century.
General
Coordinates: 47 ° 32 ′ 11 " N , 7 ° 36 ′ 50" E ; CH1903: 613 200 / 265100
Acquired by Christoph Merian's father in 1811, the "Brüglingen" estate, which had been expanded since the Middle Ages, was enlarged by his son until the middle of the 19th century to become a huge estate of 311 hectares by Swiss standards; Since the death of his widow Margaretha Merian in 1886, the property has belonged to the Christoph Merian Foundation, but has been reduced to around a third of the former area due to land cedings for public purposes. The "St. Jakob Sports Facility", the "Merian Park" (Botanical Garden Brüglingen with the English landscape park) and the "Im Grünen" foundation (formerly " Grün 80 ") are located on the Brüglingen level . In addition to organic fruit and vegetable cultivation, a large training program for children is carried out on the Brüglingerhof.
In addition to the facilities at St. Jakob (squares, stadium, hall, etc.) and those of the “Im Grünen” foundation (restaurant), there are two older scattered settlements, “Unter-Brüglingen” (the original early medieval Brüglingen settlement) and “Vorder-Brüglingen” »(Built from 1837) with the most recent historical building, the barn from 1905/1906, which has served as a coach and sleigh museum since 1981. In the former water mill of the Brüglingerhof you will find the exhibition, redesigned in 2002, about the history of the mill and the handicrafts and daily work of the millers from the Bronze Age to the 20th century.
Topographical changes
The use of the Brüglinger Plain goes back to the time of the Alemannic conquest of land during late antiquity / the early Middle Ages . The St. Alban pond with its two canals has been expanded since the middle of the 12th century, and from 1259 the first news comes from the Brüglinger hamlet and mill owned by the Basel Dompropstei, but from one until about 1600 Sidearm of the Birs was driven. The Brüglinger Niederterrasse lies in the alluvial land of the lower Birs and is rather unsuitable for agriculture. The continuation of the settlement is mainly due to the mill and a healing spring at Hof Unter-Brüglingen that was still in use in the 18th century. Only the cultivation of Birsebene since the 18th century created the conditions for the expansion of agriculture.
At the beginning of the 18th century, a baroque French ornamental and kitchen garden with an irrigation canal and fountain was laid out, and from the middle of the 18th century Brüglingen was developed into a physiocratic model estate in the sense of Enlightenment reform agriculture. At the beginning of the 19th century, Brüglingen was partially transformed into an English garden , later the expansion of Unter-Brüglingen to the summer residence of the Merians and the establishment of Vorder-Brüglingen as an agricultural center were added. The Brüglinger melioration thus reached its climax under Christoph Merian.
In the middle of the 19th century, the serious land losses began through the transfer of land to railway facilities (1853–1927), the Wolfgottesacker cemetery (1889) and the sports facilities near St. Jakob (1931); As a result, Brüglingen is clearly separated from the surrounding area. In addition to the Birs, the Dreispitz commercial area and the A2 motorway built in the 1960s and 1970s, including connections to the rest of the road network, also have a blocking function .
The agricultural use of Brüglingen continued to decline in the course of the 20th century and finally ended with the national horticultural exhibition "Green 80" when the last leasehold in Unter-Brüglingen was closed; other Brüglingen leasehold farms had already been closed between 1919 and 1961. Already the establishment of the Botanical Garden of the City of Basel in Brüglingen from 1969 led to extensive new planting including soil movements. B. built a noise barrier against the highway. The "Grün 80", continued after 1980 as the "Im Grünen" foundation, then occupied the entire Brüglingen area, integrating the existing gardens, but also changing the terrain itself; The two lakes and the so-called "cloud hill" in the south of Brüglingen are the main remains of this. The measures to expand the botanical garden in Brüglingen were completed in 1981.
Since 1984, the works of art remaining and newly acquired from the exhibition “Sculpture in the 20th Century” have set important (cultural) landmarks. Brüglingen underwent another change in 1990 when the "high plateau" was redesigned to the west.
Important data
| year | event |
|---|---|
| 5th / 6th Century | Alemannic conquest, earliest traces of settlement. |
| 1152 | First mention of the St. Albanteich. |
| 1259 | First mention of the Brüglinger mill. |
| 1711 | Construction of a baroque country palace as a predecessor of the later manor villa, plant of an ornamental and kitchen garden. |
| 18th century | Creation of an English landscape garden. |
| 1811 | Christoph Merian's father buys briggs. |
| 1824 | Christoph Merian receives Brüglingen from his father as a wedding present. Comprehensive structural measures during the lifetime of the Merian couple ( Villa Merian , orangery, Berrischeune). |
| from 1837 | Structure of Vorder-Brüglings. |
| 1886 | Takeover of Brügling with the five leasehold farms (Singerhof, St. Jakob, Ziegelhütte, Unter-Brüglingen and Vorder-Brüglingen) by the Christoph Merian Foundation. |
| 1889 | The convalescence ward of the Basel Citizens Hospital moved into the villa (until 1966). |
| 1905/06 | Fire of the first large barn in Vorder-Brüglingen and new construction of today's museum barn as a replacement. |
| 1925 | Cessation of mill operation. |
| 1960 | Foundation of the Friends of the Botanical Garden in Brüglingen. |
| 1966 | Establishment of the mill as a mill museum . |
| 1968/69 | Foundation of the "AG Botanischer Garten der Stadt Basel", start of the expansion to create the garden in Brüglingen. |
| 1978-1980 | Conversion of the barn from 1905 into a museum barn. |
| 1980 | Green 80. |
| 1981 | Completion of the originally planned extensions to create the Botanical Garden in Brüglingen; Establishment of organic fruit and vegetable cultivation instead of agriculture in Unter-Brüglingen, which was discontinued in 1979 in the run-up to « Green 80 »; Definitive establishment of the barn from 1905 as a coach and sleigh museum . |
| 1981/82 | Establishment of the "Im Grünen" foundation. |
| 1982 | The Basel city nursery moves to Brüglingen. |
| 1985 | Foundation of the culture association in Brüglingen. |
| 1987-1990 | Redesign of the high plateau. |
| 1996 | Start of the school and agriculture project. |
| 2001 | The garden is renamed "Merian Park, Botanical Garden in Brüglingen AG". |
| 2012 | Combination of the Brüglingerhof and the "Merian Park" to form the "Merian Gardens". |
literature
- Hans Rudolf Heyer: Brüglingen. The Christoph-Merian-Stiftung estate, botanical garden and "Grün 80" grounds . 2nd Swiss Exhibition for Gardening and Landscaping 1980. Society for Swiss Art History, Bern 1977 ( Swiss Art Guide . 223 = Series 23, ZDB -ID 801048-1 ).
- Rudolf Suter : The Christoph Merian Foundation 1886–1986. Christoph-Merian-Verlag, Basel 1986, ISBN 3-85616-025-6 .
- Gustaf Adolf Wanner : Christoph Merian 1800–1858. On the hundredth anniversary of his death. Schwabe, Basel a. a. 1958.
- Hans Georg Oeri: The new botanical garden in Brüglingen - research facility and recreation park. In: Basler Stadtbuch 1970 , pp. 202–209.
- Hans Georg Oeri: The Brüglinger Gut in Transition. In: Basler Stadtbuch 1982 , pp. 155–166.