Malliss lignite mine (Oberflöz)
| Malliss lignite mine, Part I: Extraction of the upper seam | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| General information about the mine | |||
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| other names | Malliss mine, Malliss lignite mine, Friedrich-Franz-Zeche | ||
| Mining technology | Broken pillar construction | ||
| Information about the mining company | |||
| Operating company | different societies | ||
| Start of operation | 1817 | ||
| End of operation | 1880 (removal of the upper seam) | ||
| Successor use | forestry | ||
| Funded raw materials | |||
| Degradation of | Brown coal | ||
| Mightiness | up to 1.50 m | ||
| Geographical location | |||
| Coordinates | 53 ° 12 '15 " N , 11 ° 18' 46" E | ||
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| Location | Malliss | ||
| local community | Malliss | ||
| District ( NUTS3 ) | Ludwigslust-Parchim | ||
| country | State of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania | ||
| Country | Germany | ||
The Malliss lignite deposit is undoubtedly the largest deposit of this type in the state of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. By drilling and driving , three seams were identified , two of which were worth building: the upper and lower seam. Since the mining reclamation work almost lasted one and a half centuries and there were a large number of operators unterschiedlichster property forms, for reasons of clarity, hereinafter the history of this industry are divided into two, on just these two coal seams, starting with the Oberflöz .
The geological reservoir conditions
The Malliss lignite deposit is located on the southwest flank of the Conow salt dome, which rose like a plug from the Zechstein formation at a depth of around 3,000 m on weak zones of the hanging wall.
The breakthrough of the salt dome happened about 100 million years ago in the Alb (level of the lower chalk formation). The further rise of the salt took place in the Tertiary (approx. 55 million years ago) and its main development phase is into the Oligocene (stage of the Older Tertiary, approx. 25 million years ago) and Neogene (upper division of the Tertiary, approx. 5 million years ago) . Years). With the rise of the salt dome, the tertiary layers overlying it were also dragged up. Seen from northeast to southwest, we find the Paleocene at Karenz, then at Malliss the Middle and Upper Oligocene and also the Miocene with lignite with three coal seams, which dip at 4 - 10 degrees to the southwest.
With a thickness of 1.1-3.6 m (on average 2.5 m), the lower seam is thicker and better than the upper seam with 0.8-2.8 m (on average 1.5 m). The third of these coal seams with thicknesses in the decimeter range is not worth building, occurs only in places and has been rolled out by the tectonics . The upper seam is overlaid by 5 - 10 m thick sandy clays resp. clay to loamy sands. Above it there are 2 - 8 m thick black Latvians . On top of this are sands, some of which carry scree. Boreal or preboreal dune sands are found on the surface, overlaid by forest soil.
The dark brown brown coal of the upper seam is a so-called soft brown coal with a gritty to crumbly structure and a high proportion of added silt and fine sands. The upper seam also contained xylitol (Greek xylon: wood, not entirely charred wood or plant material, in which in some cases very clear wood structures were still recognizable). The upper seam was significantly changed in its northwestern part during the Ice Age by leaching and sand deposits. The seam thickness decreases sharply towards the south , so that natural mining limits have been reached here.
The hydrogeological reservoir conditions
The Pleistocene loose sediments above the upper seam are highly water-bearing. The groundwater level is only a few meters below the floor. Boulder clay and mica clay act as groundwater reservoirs. The water-bearing sands, sandwiched between layers covering cohesive links are with increasing depth under high hydrostatic pressure and aggravated much the mining Schachtabteuf - and reclamation work. So u had to a. Even a first sinking shaft on the Elde bank at Bockup was abandoned before reaching the 26 m deep brown coal seam due to the constricted water at a depth of 18 m despite horse art. When removing the upper seam, filter bores and so-called stub sections to relax these waters were essential. Nevertheless, major water inrushes interrupted the extraction operation for months; so z. B. in the years 1865 - 1866.
Search and exploration of the deposit
Mecklenburg was characterized as a predominantly agricultural land until the 16th century. The dukes ruling here - impressed by the beginning industrialization in the neighboring states - endeavored to follow this development as well. So began u. a. in this country also a targeted search for mineral resources. In 1577 an alum deposit was discovered on the Wanzeberg near Malliss and an alum boiling plant was built, which was destroyed several times during the Thirty Years' War and finally shut down in 1709. During the exploration of this alum deposit, " black bituminous Latvians " were also found, which led to suspicions about the presence of coal in the subsurface.
Duke Friedrich Franz I asked the Chamber to list all previous mining undertakings in the Eldena district under the title " Unterthänigstes Pro Memorial " from May 8, 1790. It lists “ all Acta from the former Saline zu Conow, also from an Allaun works and a lime pit in Amte Eldena ”. He personally commissioned a certain Carl Zintgraff to examine the Wanzeberg more closely by digging for mineral resources. This created three mining tunnels. He communicated his investigation results to the Prince in two reports:
The report of August 13, 1790 says that he found an alum-containing marl clay at the foot of the mountain to the east. He set his main mining shaft at the middle mountain height in the hope of reaching the brown coal seam. But he first mined " conglomerated clay with nest-white bituminous alum-containing marl clay " at a depth of a pool . Then he found alternating sand and " iron-shed sandstone " down to a depth of two puddles. And after another ½ laugh he came across water-bearing sand, which forced him to give up further scoring.
The two images on the right show the oldest surviving geological sections of exploration work in Mecklenburg (after H.Rössler, 2007)
In the report of January 28, 1791 u. a. stated that a bituminous layer was found in mine tunnel B (see illustration on the right), which was followed for a length of 15 laughs, but which was ultimately " completely squeezed " and interspersed with " mica sand and debris ". Pure brown coal was not found in mine B. In contrast , he found “ spicy brown coal ” 1 foot thick in mine shaft A. ZINTGRAFF writes: It “ leaves us no hope of being able to continue the prospecting work in this area for the benefit of your High Princely Highnesses ”.
However, Zintgraff provided the first evidence of lignite, even if not in building-worthy dimensions.
With a cabinet rescript, the Grand Ducal Chamber decided in 1817 to have this area, along with the adjacent Bockuper and Conower mountains, investigated more closely by means of boreholes. First, two boreholes, led by Bergrat Abich and Steiger Mengebier from the Braunschweig lignite mines near Helmstedt, were sunk on the banks of the Elde. One hole did not hit coal. The second - set on the southern slope of the Elde bank near Bockup - drilled the brown coal seam at a depth of 26 m with a thickness of 1.10 m.
The mining work in the upper seam
The "Friedrich Franz" union, from 1817 to 1838
The sinking of a shaft here at borehole 2 was headed by the climber and later head climber and gypsum administrator Adam Christian Mengebier personally, although he was ordered back to the Braunschweig area for mining work every now and then. But, as already mentioned, the shaft had to be abandoned due to uncontrollable water inflows. Mengebier continued to drill between Bockup and Malliss and encountered the surface seam everywhere there in thicknesses of 1 - 1.75 m at depths of 3 - 35 m.
Based on the relationship between the thickness of the overburden and the deposits, he decided to sink two Seigerer shafts. Shaft I, called Friedrichschacht, opened up an approx. 1.5 m thick coal seam at a depth of 28 feet. Shaft II, called Franzschacht, developed the brown coal at a depth of 59 feet. The mine was located about " 1000 paces southwest of Mallitz and ¼ mile from the Elde ". It was named "Friedrich-Franz-Zeche". By 1830 a network of routes 175 m long and 80 m flat had been driven. The greatest thickness of the coal seam given by Mengebier was 7 feet . Both shafts, 100 m apart, were connected by a sloping section to ventilate the mine workings . According to the old records, the water table was around 12 m below the floor. MENGEBIER built a pump system to lift the pit water, which was moved by horse-drawn horse art . Thanks to MENGEBIER's mining experience and the employment of two trained miners named GOEDECKE and MÜLLER, the exploration work proceeded quickly. The lignite was extracted in the so-called pillar construction . The deposit area to be mined was aligned by means of ground sections driven in the collapse of the seam . Of these, laterally, in the brushing of the deposit from scheduled workings in fracture pillar ( " in the form of a ladies board " as described amount of beer) to a maximum of 3 m x 3 m Prepared. All buildings were built in door frame with cladding. The coal was extracted by hand using a wedge pick . This was followed by the robbery of the extension , which caused the hanging wall to collapse and fracture depressions formed for days .
At that time only the lumpy coal was sold, the so-called clear coal was dumped on heaps . The only buyers of the lump coal are said to have been the prison houses in Dömitz, the mint in Schwerin and the court kitchen in Doberan.
With increasing mining depth, the water difficulties increased. The profitability of the mine has been in deficit since the beginning. In 1820 the income amounted to 500 thalers, while the expenditure amounted to approx. 517 thalers. Mengebier's salary from Easter to Midsummer 1821 alone was 100 thalers. Later, his annual salary was 400 thalers (paid even until 1840). Complete funding statistics cannot be found in the archives, only a few details. A report dated March 22, 1833 shows that the monthly funding was 3,000 quintals. By sifting out 1,300 quintals of lump coal was obtained, the rest was the said coal, which was dumped on the dump. PINZKE (1981) estimates the lignite mined at this time to be around 25,000 t.
The dismantling and maintenance costs charged to the ducal treasury amounted to 25,249 thalers up to the end of mining in 1838 (excluding costs for wood material ); on the other hand, the income from the sale of the extracted lignite was only 1317 thalers. Due to this serious unprofitability, the mining operation was shut down in 1838.
The joint stock company "Friedrich-Franz-Zeche"; later the limited partnership "Mecklenburgischer Bergbau-Verein", from 1854 to 1873
The merchant Johann Heinrich Marsmann from Wismar, owner of the Malliss brickworks, leased the old mine on March 11, 1854 with a " lease contract between for the merchant JH Marsmann zu Wismar because of the resumption of the lignite mine near Malliss, Amte Eldena ". In the contract - signed by DUKE FRIEDRICH FRANZ personally and provided with the state seal - u. a. In § 1 it was agreed that the leaseholder would be given an area of 500 square rods for the construction of a new mining facility above ground and an area of 8,000 square rods for underground extraction " for exploitation and excavation ". The rent was agreed in § 10 of the lease as follows: " § 10: The for mining pp. The annual lease to be paid is six percent of the gross yield of lignite and coal mines of any quality extracted and extracted… ”The lease was valid for 30 years,“ therefore until Midsummer 1884…. Control of the gross income is to be temporarily transferred to the sworn Steiger Molze ". MARSMANN also opened a brick factory in Bockup, which his son HEINRICH ran.
There was the sinking of a new shaft, about 50 meters southeast of the old shafts and Friedrich Franz, who opened up the Oberflöz in 17 m depth with 1.90 m thick. The first coal was mined as early as 1855: First quality coal 50–55 t; 2nd grade coal 45–50 t; Clear coal 40–45 t. Just two years later, on April 17, 1856, MARSMANN authorized his son HEINRICH to change the name of the lease to the “Mecklenburg Mining Association” by means of a “cession”. According to the " Instruction for the Obersteiger Nolze zu Malliss " of June 14, 1856, NOLZE is entrusted with the " responsibility of the Mecklenburg Mining Association and its board of directors at the mine, and accordingly has to look after the interests of the society in all directions ."
The " lease contract for the brown coal mine near Mallitz, Amte Eldena, for the Actien-Gesellschaft, known as the Mecklenburgischer Bergbau-Verein " is dated June 7, 1856 and also bears the Duke's signature and seal. The printed " Statute for the Mecklenburg Mining Association of October 31, 1855 " found in the archives does not contradict the aforementioned documents, because in § 1 of the same it says: " The acts founded under the name: Mecklenburgischer Bergbau-Verein, The purpose of the company is to operate the lignite mine near Malliss in accordance with the lease contract that has been provisionally agreed with the high Grand Ducal Chamber and will soon be concluded ”. The company was founded on 300 shares of 200 thalers each.
Sales of lignite varied considerably. At the beginning of 1859 nothing was sold, so that Nolze, who had meanwhile risen to the rank of Obersteiger (also spelled Noltze in places), decided on March 10, 1859 to stop the production entirely. Thereupon the Grand Ducal Chamber, which feared for their financial income according to the lease, cited Nolze before the Dömitz office. There he was questioned on March 29th. According to the existing protocol, he justified his decision with a lack of working capital (including obviously to purchase better screens) and poor sales of the coal. The green part of the coal mined was too high. The customers preferred to get the qualitatively better brown coal from the Gülitz mine, which is not too far away. He also feared that piling up the coal could lead to spontaneous combustion . This view was later confirmed from a qualified source. To assess the situation in the mine, the Grand Ducal Chamber hurried to win the Prussian mountain jury Knauth. The mine tour took place on June 16, 1859. On July 27th, KNAUTH sent his investigation report to the Dömitz office. Unfortunately, it has not yet been found in the archives. On the other hand, it has been proven that KNAUTH, like NOLZE before, took the view that further stockpiling would carry the risk of self-ignition of the coal supplies. Obviously, in addition to sales difficulties, the water inflows in the pit were also to blame for the company's economic distress.
But only a few months later the leaseholders of the shaft area, the board members G. Markurth and GFW Sparkuhl from Findewirunshier and Malliss, requested the Grand Ducal Chamber to allocate a new area of 25 square rods in the Sülter Tannen because the newly created machine and extraction shaft had become unusable and required the immediate construction of a new shaft. This application was also granted with the corresponding instruction to the forest authority.
The drawing on the right shows the area of the upper seam that was mined from 1817 to 1880. The mine workforce at that time consisted of a steiger and 25–30 miners, who mined around 150 to 7 coal of the so-called 1st and 2nd quality as well as clear or green coal per day. In the meantime, the businesses and households in the near and far surroundings had also adjusted to the new fuel with their boiler systems and ovens, so that the demand for coal increased steadily. In 1865 there was a major flood. The workforce had to flee the pit. It was not until two years later that coal mining began again. Presumably this event led to the fact that, according to the minutes of the general meeting of shareholders on March 3, 1865, the board tried to win over the mountain jury Henne from Osterwald " to take over constant monitoring of the mine and everything connected with it ".
The minutes of this general meeting reflect the major technical and commercial problems of the stock corporation. In it you can read that the board of directors and director REINHARD ROSE was commissioned to approach the Grand Ducal Chamber in order to obtain “to completely waive the contractual tax of 6% gross of the coal mined as long as a dividend was not paid, but this will soon be waived Tax to be determined on 3% of the coal sold ". The main subject of the general assembly was " the urgency of rapid measures not only to prevent a justified marriage standstill of the whole company, but also the associated contractual consequences ... and the special templates for the production of the new plant together with the respective cost estimates ". Additional payments on the shares of 20% of the nominal value should lead to a capital increase of a total of 15,000 thalers. As a result, the "Mallißer Gesellschaft Schön, Horschitz and Comrades" in Hamburg took over the rights to the lignite mining.
The “Mallißer Union Schön, Horschitz & Comrades”, 1873 –1883
On July 26, 1873, on behalf of the Grand Ducal Chamber, the Grand Ducal Office of Dömitz and the “Malliss Union Schön, Horschitz & Comrades” signed a contract for the use of the Malliss lignite deposits. In addition to the right of use, she also acquired the Malliss leasehold by purchase, “In 1875, after the leasehold contract was withdrawn, the whole thing including an important forest area after the canon was replaced to free ownership. Current income from the plant no longer flows into the stately cash register. The coal is now used immediately on the spot at an important brick factory, which finds its material in rich clay stores there . "
It can be assumed that improper management of the mine was the reason why the Grand Ducal Chamber commissioned the Oberbergrat Pinno in 1880 to assess the work. His report, dated July 31, 1880, gives a detailed insight into the mine tour at the time (here are the most important excerpts):
"Technical report on the operation of the Malliss lignite mine in Mecklenburg." " ... The lying surface of the lignite hollow is formed by the Septarienthon, which emerges in a ridge that stretches from southeast to northwest, on which the lignite hollow leans in a very conformable manner the so-called alum mountains on the steep gravel slopes falling from the clay ridges to the Eldethale. ... The lignite itself occurs in 2 seams (upper and lower seam), which are embedded in sand and alum earth. The upper seam has a building thickness of 4 up to 5 feet, the bottom seam of 12 feet. … total sales in the year amount to 200,000 hectoliters, which are sold at an average of 27.5 pfennigs in hectoliters. The upper seam is opened up by shafts that have a maximum depth of 25 m Wells are pending in the hanging sands and alum earths in carpentry that is not exposed to pressure, and mining is carried out directly around the wells and are proposed at low cost from time to time to open shafts only in fresh mining fields of moderate size. The lower seam, on the other hand, is opened up by the Marienstollen, from which the little water that is encountered here and there in the lying area or when driving through mountain means is discharged. The tunnel is well preserved in the room. The alignment of the aligned seam takes place in the manner customary in lignite mining. The Flötz opened up by the basic routes is cut through with diagonals, from which traversing routes are diverted. In the strips (piers) cut off by these stretches, further ascending stretches (mining sites) are made, from which pillar sites are deflected, which cut off a broken pier (Fig. 2), which is dismantled in 2 sections (breaks). For the latter purpose, the fracture site is excavated from which the division into the two sections (1.2., Figure 3) is effected. In Malliss, pillars of the size of two fractures are cut off (Fig. 3), because the coal is crumbly and the hanging wall is coarse and easy to break away, so that simple pillars would probably offer no resistance to the sudden pressure. The degradation then takes place in the manner that the above-mentioned fractured portions (fractions) of 3 field (1 1/2 Lachter ) width expanded under tracking of timbering and soon to rupture are thrown. The built-in wood (6 - 8 stamps in the Unterflötz ) is stolen after the coal has been extracted and the hanging wall falls down and fills the empty space. With the low thickness of the overburden, the collapses can be seen for days. With regular coal extraction, the rows of underground fractures become noticeable through the funnel-shaped depressions that lie directly next to each other. The more regularly the funnels are exposed, the cleaner the mining has taken place ".
PINNO complained that two mine officials (Steiger) did not have a mountain school education and that the mine picture had not been updated since its creation in 1856. He also wrote: “ I already consider the creation of a new pit picture and the regular addition of the same by a qualified official (mine surveyor) to be necessary. I also consider the temporary control of the existing mine workings by a technical mining officer to be expedient from the general police point of view just mentioned. "
The Schwerin Ministry of the Interior thereupon requested the Dömitz office to bring the “ ... technical report ... to the attention of the trade union and to arrange for the same to explain the defects of the company identified in the report. At the same time, the union is to be requested to reimburse the Grand Ducal Renterei here for the costs of bringing in the Oberbergrathes Pinno in the amount of 110 Marks 37 Pfg. Travel expenses and 150 Marks fee ... "
The archived material viewed does not contain any information about the means and difficulties with which the Marien-Stollen and the Elde canal system leading to it were created. All that is documented is that this tunnel was excavated in 1873 and occasionally given the name "Marien-Stollen" during a visit by the Grand Duchess of Mecklenburg-Schwerin in 1874. In addition to opening up the lower seam, the union also dismantled the upper seam until 1880. The upper seam was no longer present in the area of the Marienstollen, as it already extends further south. A total of around 187,000 tonnes of coal have been mined from this batch of coal since 1817. The main reason for the termination of this extraction work was the increasingly difficult control of the mine water.
In a letter from the “Mallisser Union Schön, Horschitz and Comrades” to the “High Grand Ducal Finance Ministry”, dated January 6, 1883, it says: “The Mallisser union intends in the near future to a not inconsiderable part of a joint stock company that is yet to be constituted to sell their lands occupied by Malliss, namely the lignite mine and the new brickworks with the adjuvant terrain ”. The background to this mine sale and the subsequent dissolution of the union also remain unknown. The continuation of the lignite mining in the Mallisser Revier begins two years later with the "Mallisser Brickworks and Mining Society" and the mining of the lower seam.
The nature of the brown coal
A fuel-technical analysis of the lignite of the Mallisser Oberflözes, as it would be common today, is understandably not available. In general, however, one can say that the genesis of the Mallisser coal is mainly due to lush deciduous forests, primarily oaks. As hardwood charcoal, it does not have enough bitumen to briquette easily. However, other types of wood, which existed in the wet areas of the former primeval forests, have also been detected in the Malliss area. Similar to the lignite of the lower seam, the coal of the upper seam can be assigned a lower calorific value of approx. 2,500 WE and an upper calorific value of approx. 2,900 WE.
Mengebier described the quality of coal: The quality of coal is, as usual, better after the depth than the highest, and most likely for the reason that the water there penetrates more and is therefore better preserved than here. .. . Incidentally, about 1/3 of the coal is extracted in pieces and 2/3 of it in a clear state, of which, unfortunately, because until now - as already thought - the sales have been very insignificant, only the first kind (lump coal) is merchant good. But it could also be the latter type (the clear coal), namely if it were formed into sods (stones) by adding 1/3 of the fatty peat standing in the opposite, namely in the Schlesiner Feldmark, without Woosmer, which is how the experiments thus made by the undersigned are proven, can be carried out very well, and are consummated with benefit.
Oberbergrat Pinno wrote in his report from 1880: " The upper seam is characterized by the abundance of bituminous wood, while the lower seam consists predominantly of sandy lignite, in which petrified coniferous wood is not uncommon. In terms of their quality (combustion power), both flots are considerably less than those common in the heart of the province of Saxony and could not stand a comparison with the Bohemian lignite. Nevertheless, the price of the Mallisser coals is high because lignite occurs only sporadically in the Mecklenburg region ... ".
statistics
| Type of coal | 1853-1854 | 1855 | 1856 | 1857 | 1858 | 1859 | 1860 | 1861 | 1862 | 1863 | 1864 | 1867 | 1868 | 1869 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| lumpy coal | - | 63,415 | 50,728 | 57,887 | 69,651 | 35,685 | 36,662 | 45.118 | 64,419 | 80.145 | 104,790 | 28,771 | 86.019 | 71,380 |
| creepy coal | - | 28,537 | 22,828 | 26,049 | 28.195 | 23,133 | 22,773 | 23,037 | 27,897 | 39,568 | 38,681 | 12,847 | 42,858 | 32,274 |
| Miners | 20th | 16 | 19th | 22nd | 13 | 13 | 15th | 21st | 27 | 32 | 9 | 29 | 23 |
The corporation's income from coal sales between 1855 and 1864 totaled 30,807 thalers. During the same period, the following were paid to the Grand Ducal Treasury: - 140 thalers for land lease - 1901 thalers for the "percentage levy" on coal sales - poor money, 8 contribution, etc. 164 thalers
Other issues from 1855 to 1864 were u. a. : - Salaries for Obersteiger and coal knife: 4704 thalers - Maintenance and maintenance of the machines: 3936 thalers - Travel expenses for Obersteiger: 538 thalers - Buildings, equipment, paths and shafts: 4204 thalers - Administrative costs of the board and a .: 3802 thaler - shift wages for miners: 19,721 thaler - purchase and road: 20,200 thaler - drilling: 3795 thaler - water shaft and machine: 11,144 thaler
1865-1866: water ingress, no extraction, installation of larger pumps.
| Type of coal | 1870 (to) | 1871 (To) | 1872 (hl) | 1873 (hundredweight) | 1874 (kg) | 1875 (kg) | 1876 (kg) | 1877 (hundredweight) | 1878 (hundredweight) | 1879 (hundredweight) | 1880 (hundredweight) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variety I. | 11,023 | 9,079 | 16,838 | 18,930.00 | 105,295.20 | 139,686.00 | 200,419.80 | 289,000 | 389,680 | 192,600 | 178,500 |
| Variety II | 21,370 | 15,650 | 41,648 | 61,107.60 | |||||||
| Grade III | 2,342 | 2,900 | 9,258 | 1,512.00 | |||||||
| Variety IV | - | - | - | 11,800.80 | |||||||
| Grus | - | 18,362 | 29,832 | 58,377.60 | |||||||
| Workforce | 28 workers | 1 riser, 25 workers | 1 riser, 30 workers | 22 heads underground, 16 heads above ground, heads nourished by these 38 heads: 52 | underground 24, above day 16, heads nourished by these 40 heads: 59 | underground 28, above days 14; 42 workers in total (dependents supported by workers: 68) | underground 34, above days 10; 44 workers in total (dependents supported by workers: 76) | underground 30, above days 10; 40 workers in total (dependents fed by workers: 104) | underground 20, above days 10; 30 workers in total (dependents supported by workers: 109) | underground 23, above days 10; 33 workers in total (relatives fed by workers: 90) | underground 24, above day 12; 36 workers in total (dependents supported by workers: 95) |
The further information from: "Form Montanstatistik I, production of the mines", which had to be reported to the "Grand Ducal Mecklenburg Statistical Bureau". The officials there found it difficult at the time (as is the case with the author of this article today) with the units of measurement given by the mine for the output. The archive material contains many queries from the “Statistical Bureau”, such as For example: are the quantities of coal given in hectoliters, hundredweight, kilograms, or in 100 kilograms, or in tons of what size? This source, dated September 17, 1873, also contains the following information: Mined area: 1869: 4,140 square pools, 1870: 4,380 m2 pools, 1871: 4,530 m2 pools, 1872: 4,880 m2 pools. According to the statistical records, the mined coal was delivered to: 2 tenths to Ludwigslust, 3 tenths to Grabow, 4 tenths to brickworks in the immediate vicinity and 1 tenth to Dömitz.
Explanation of the units of measurement
- 1 meckl. Foot = 0.291 m.
- 1 laugh = 6 feet + 8 inches = 1,938 m.
- 1 mountain sheep = 150 pounds.
- 1 meckl. Square rod = 21.54 m².
- 1 to = 145 kg. On the other hand, 1 ton (To) = 4 bushels = 135.6 l.
- "hl" means hectoliters. 1 hl = 75 kg.
Literature / sources
- Holdings of the Ludwigslust district archive, No. L5164 and L3621.
- Archives in the holdings of the Domanialamt Dömitz, LHA MV, Schwerin.
- Archives in the holdings of the Grand Ducal Cabinet I, LHA MV, Schwerin.
- Balck, CWA: Financial Conditions in Mecklenburg-Schwerin , Bd.I, p.131, Hinstorffsche Hofbuchhandlung, 1877.
- Mengebier, A.Ch. in: " Collectio Varior Scriptorum Mecklenburgicorum" Vol. XIII ., 1830, copy of a translation from the Ludwigslust district archive.
- Günter Pinzke: The Malliss lignite deposit in southwest Mecklenburg; Geology, exploration and extraction - an outline of mining history. In: Association of Friends of Art and Culture in Mining e. V. (Ed.): THE ANSCHNITT . 65th year, No. 4 , pp. 145-161, 2013.
- Günter Pinzke: Manuscript for the mining damage analysis of the Malliss lignite mining. Schwerin District Council, Geology Department. 1981.
- Günter Pinzke: The Mallißer lignite mining. Verlag BoD-Books on Demand Norderstedt, 2015. 196 pages, 108 illustrations, ISBN 978-3-7347-6915-3 .
- Raabe, W .: Domains of the Duchy of M.-Schwerin . Office of Eldena. 1857.
- Rössler, H .: The former mining in the mineral district of Southwest Mecklenburg and its history. Proceedings No. 234 of the excursion guides and publications of the DGG., 2007.
Web links
- [1]
- [2]
- Günter Pinzke: Old mining in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. Retrieved May 10, 2016 (documentation).
