Wanzeberg
The Wanzeberg , also Wantzeberg , is an approximately 40 square kilometer mountain range in the southwest of Mecklenburg in the Ludwigslust-Parchim district . As a result of a rising salt dome, the area is around 30 to 40 meters higher than the surrounding landscape. The Wanzeberg is rich in biological and geological features. It has been used as a mining area for centuries. The highest point is the 71 meter high Steinberg or Steinborg (or castle ).
location
The Wanzeberg lies west of Eldena and north of Dömitz between the valleys of Elde and Rögnitz . The area has a roughly oval shape and is about eight kilometers in an east-west direction and about six kilometers in a north-south direction. In the center is the municipality of Malliss with the district of Conow. In addition, the villages of Bockup and Probst Woos (districts of Malliss), Malk, Göhren (municipality of Malk Göhren ), Karenz , Grebs and Schlesin (municipality of Grebs-Niendorf ) are located on or on the Wanzeberg. The Steinberg, the highest point in the area, is located near Karenz. Parts of the Wanzeberg, especially in the western part, are forested.
Surname
According to legend, the Wanzeberg takes its name from the old Wendenkönig Wanzka , who is said to be buried on the Steinberg. Heinrich the Lion mentioned a Wanzeburg in the deed of foundation for the diocese of Ratzeburg . The Wanzeberg used to be seen as a type of mountain range.
On the Mecklenburg map of the scholar Tilemann Stella from 1582 the Wantzen mountain and the alum mountain next to it are shown. In the " Official Book " of the Dömitz office, Stella mentions the mountain as the furnempst mountain, which is partly located on the ampt grentzet and in it; he had a great welcome and district and even had a fertile land above and named the nine villages in his area.
The villages of the Wantzenberg area (also called Wantzeberger ) are also listed in an official register from around 1540 . Apparently the Wanzeberg was considered a kind of administrative unit at the time. In addition to the above , the Amt Eldena, which emerged after the secularization of the Eldena Monastery , also included other villages in the vicinity of Eldena.
The Wanzeberg is not or only rarely shown on later maps. The Geographical-Statistical-Historical Handbook of the Meklenburger Land from 1837 does not mention the name either, only the Bockuper and the Karenzer Berg .
The name has been mentioned again in modern times, especially in local, biological and geological literature.
Geology and mining
The Conow salt dome, which has been rising since the Cretaceous period , has lifted or pierced younger, especially Pleistocene, layers in the Wanzeberg area, so that many older deposits can be found near the surface, which is rare in northern Germany.
The Wanzeberg is rich in natural resources. These include potash and rock salts, clay, glass sand, gypsum and lignite. Due to the numerous mineral resources, the geologists of the 19th century referred to the area as "Mecklenburg's Mineral District".
Since the beginning of the 14th century, salt from the Conower salt dome has been mined in a salt works . In 1326, Elector Rudolf of Saxony transferred the mining rights to the Eldena monastery . The monastery later leased the salt works. Salt production continued with interruptions until 1746.
Clay has been mined for alum extraction since the 16th century . The name Alaunberg has been handed down from this time . Alum mining ended at the beginning of the 18th century.
In 1790, Duke Friedrich Franz I of Mecklenburg initiated searches for coal. The dismantling started in 1817 and continued after an interruption between 1838 and 1856 until 1880. After the construction of the upper seam was no longer possible, the development of the lower seam began in 1875. For this purpose, the Marienstollen was driven into the mountain on the southern slope of the mountain and the coal mined underground. The coal was transported by water via a branch canal to the Elde Canal . After several interruptions due to low profitability, most recently due to the global economic crisis in 1926, production was resumed in 1946 due to the fuel shortage after the Second World War. The coal mining finally ended in 1960. The buried tunnel entrance was exposed again in 1996 and the mouthpiece of the tunnel was reconstructed. It is a listed building.
From 1912 until 1926, potash salts were mined in a shaft west of Conow . After the end of production, the shaft was flooded. Clay has been mined for brick production since 1875. An opencast mine north of the federal highway 191 is still in operation today.
Nature conservation and touristic use
The Wanzeberg is home to many rare animal and plant species.
With the exception of the town centers, the entire area of the Wanzeberg has been designated as a landscape protection area since 1996.
The Karenzer Heide on the southern slope of the Steinberg is a protected area according to the European Fauna-Flora-Habitat Directive . Special features of this area are an Atlantic gorse heather and remnants of semi-arid grassland. Also in the former clay pits of the Wanzeberg you can find rare plant and animal species as well as various fossils.
An approximately 20 meter high observation tower has been located on the Steinberg near Karenz since 2006 .
Web links
- History of mining , observation tower on the Steinberg , hikes in the area (private homepage)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Karl Bartsch, Der "Wanzeberg bei Konow", in: ". Sagas, fairy tales and customs from Meklenburg" 1–2. Volume 1, Vienna 1879/80, pp. 325–326, digitized
- ^ Georg Christian Friedrich Lisch : The Foundation of the City of Neustadt , in: Yearbooks of the Association for Mecklenburg History and Antiquity (Vol. 11/1846), pp. 210–212, digitized
- ^ A b Georg Christian Friedrich Lisch: Older history of the Saline zu Conow In: Year books of the association for Mecklenburg history and antiquity. , Vol. 11 (1846), pp. 123–140, digitized ( Memento of the original dated November 7, 2006 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Printed e.g. B. in: Friedrich Stuhr : The Elbe-Baltic Sea Canal between Dömitz and Wismar. In: Yearbooks of the Association for Mecklenburg History and Archeology. - Vol. 64 (1899), pp. 193-260, digitized ( Memento from September 26, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
- ^ Georg Christian Friedrich Lisch: Der Wanzeberg In: year books of the association for Mecklenburg history and antiquity. , Vol. 23 (1858), pp. 168-169
- ↑ Hans Ulrich Thee, Eldena in old time , in: 750 Years Eldena 1229–1979 , Council of the Municipality of Eldena (ed.), 1979, p. 15.
- ^ Gustav Hempel : Geographical-statistical-historical handbook of the Meklenburger Land , Frege, 1837
- ^ Georg Christian Friedrich Lisch: Der Wanzeberg In: year books of the association for Mecklenburg history and antiquity. , Vol. 23 (1858), pp. 168-169
- ^ Historical outline of the Malliss mine ( memento from February 21, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) at the Stralsund Mining Authority
- ↑ List of monuments of the Ludwigslust-Parchim district , status: November 2011
- ↑ Website of the mining office ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved October 8, 2009
- ↑ Ordinance on the Wanzeberg landscape protection area in the Ludwigslust district of March 6, 1996 ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Map of the State Office for Environmental Protection
- ↑ Lookout tower on the Wanzeberg on maternity leave on the website auf-nach-mv.de
Coordinates: 53 ° 14 ' N , 11 ° 21' E