Eyeglass pods

Eyeglass pods
	Smooth-eyed pods ( Biscutella laevigata )
Systematics
	Rosids
	Eurosiden II
Order :	Cruciferous (Brassicales)
Family :	Cruciferous vegetables (Brassicaceae)
Tribe :	Biscutelleae
Genre :	Eyeglass pods
Scientific name
	Biscutella
	L.

The eyeglass pods ( Biscutella ) are a genus of plants within the cruciferous family (Brassicaceae). The 46 to 53 species are common in southern and central Europe and the Mediterranean area .

description

Illustration of the smooth eyeglass pod ( Biscutella laevigata ) from Atlas of the Alpine Flora

Four-fold bloom of Biscutella auriculata in detail

Fruits of the annual eyeglass pod ( Biscutella didyma )

Appearance and leaves

Biscutella species grow perennial or annual herbaceous plants or, rarely, subshrubs . The above-ground parts of the plant are hairy with simple trichomes . The alternate on the stem arranged distributed leaves are sessile, auriculate, lanceolate, unsplit or fiederteilig with smooth or serrated edge. Stipules are missing.

Flowers, fruits and seeds

The hermaphrodite flowers are fourfold. Of the four upright to ascending sepals , the two lateral two are seldom sack-shaped or spurred. The four yellow petals are and mostly divided into plate and elliptical nail. There are two circles with a total of six stamens . The anthers are ovate to oblong. The ovary contains only two ovules .

The mostly short-stalked, flat pods have solitary fruit fans (loculi), which are arranged in pairs and so the fruits appear like glasses. The fruit valves are bald or hairy. The style is often longer than the fruit and ends in a simple scar. The two winged fruit compartments envelop the seeds even if they fall off when ripe. The seeds are wingless.

Sets of chromosomes

The basic chromosome numbers are x = 6, 8, 9, 18 or 27.

Flowers and fruits of Biscutella valentina

Systematics and distribution

The genus Biscutella was established by Carl von Linné . A synonym for Biscutella L. is Jondraba Medik. The genus Biscutella belongs to the tribe Biscutelleae within the family Brassicaceae .

The Biscutella species are common in North Africa , South and Central Europe to the Middle East. The genus Biscutella has its focus in the Mediterranean area .

There are 46 to 53 types of biscutella , here is a selection:

Biscutella ambigua DC. : It occurs only in southern France and northern Italy .
Biscutella arvernensis Jordan : This endemic occurs only in the Auvergne in France.
Biscutella atlantica (Maire) Greuter & Burdet : The homeland is Morocco .
Biscutella auriculata L .: The two subspecies are distributed from the Canary Islands to Morocco, Algeria , Tunisia and Portugal , Spain and France.
Biscutella baetica Boiss. & Reut. : It occurs in Spain, Morocco and Algeria.
Biscutella brevicalcarata (Batt.) Batt. : It occurs in Morocco and Algeria.
Biscutella brevicaulis Jord. : It occurs in Italy and France.
Biscutella brevifolia (Rouy & Foucaud) Guinea : It occurs in Spain and France.
Wegwartenlättriges eyeglass pod ( Biscutella cichoriifolia Loisel. ): It occurs in Spain, France, Italy, Switzerland , Croatia , Albania and Bosnia and Herzegovina .
Biscutella controversa Boreau : It occurs in Spain and France.
Biscutella coronopifolia L .: It occurs in Spain, France and Italy.
Annual eyeglass pods ( Biscutella didyma L. ): The two subspecies occur in southern Europe , North Africa and western Asia .
Biscutella divionensis Jord. : It only occurs in France.
Biscutella frutescens Coss. : It occurs in Spain, Morocco and Algeria.
Biscutella glacialis (Boiss. & Reut.) Jord. : The home is southern Spain.
Biscutella intermedia Gouan : It occurs in Spain and France.
Smooth-eyed pods ( Biscutella laevigata L. ): It occurs in several subspecies in southern, central and eastern Europe.
Biscutella lusitanica Jord. : It occurs in Portugal and Spain.
Biscutella megacarpaea Boiss. & Reut. : The home is southern Spain.
Biscutella scaposa Mach.-Laur. : It occurs in Spain and France.
Evergreen eyeglass pod ( Biscutella sempervirens L. ): The home is Spain and the Balearic Islands.
Biscutella valentina (L.) Heywood : It occurs in Portugal, Spain and southwestern France.
Biscutella variegata Boiss. & Reut. : It occurs in Portugal and Spain.
Biscutella vicentina (Samp.) Rothm. ex Guinea : It occurs only in southwestern Portugal.

literature

E. Guinea, Vernon Hilton Heywood : Biscutella L. , pp. 393-398. In: Thomas Gaskell Tutin , NA Burges, AO Chater, JR Edmondson, VH Heywood, DM Moore, DH Valentine, SM Walters, DA Webb (eds.): Flora Europaea . 2nd, revised edition. Volume 1: Psilotaceae to Platanaceae, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge / New York / Melbourne 1993, ISBN 0-521-41007-X .
Jaakko Jalas, Juha Suominen, Raino Lampinen (eds.): Atlas Florae Europaeae. Distribution of Vascular Plants in Europe. 11. Cruciferae (Ricotia to Raphanus). Akateeminen Kirjakauppa & Tiedekirja, The Committee for Mapping the Flora of Europe & Societas Biologica Fennica Vanamo, Helsinki 1996, ISBN 951-9108-11-4 . Biscutella L. pp. 182-201
O. Appel, Ihsan A. Al-Shehbaz: Cruciferae . In: Klaus Kubitzki, Clemens Bayer (Eds.): The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants . Flowering Plants - Dicotyledons: Malvales, Capparales and Non-betalain Caryophyllales. tape 5 . Springer Science & Business Media, 2003, ISBN 978-3-662-07255-4 , pp. 109 ( Biscutella L. on p. 109 in the Google book search). (Section description)

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k O. Appel, Ihsan A. Al-Shehbaz: Cruciferae . In: Klaus Kubitzki, Clemens Bayer (Eds.): The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants . Flowering Plants - Dicotyledons: Malvales, Capparales and Non-betalain Caryophyllales. tape 5 . Springer Science & Business Media, 2003, ISBN 978-3-662-07255-4 , pp. 109 ( Biscutella L. on p. 109 in the Google book search).
↑ Data sheet from Flora Vascular , accessed May 31, 2015
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o Biscutella in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
↑ ^a ^b Jaakko Jalas, Juha Suominen, Raino Lampinen (ed.): Atlas Florae Europaeae. Distribution of Vascular Plants in Europe. 11. Cruciferae (Ricotia to Raphanus). Akateeminen Kirjakauppa & Tiedekirja, The Committee for Mapping the Flora of Europe & Societas Biologica Fennica Vanamo, Helsinki 1996, ISBN 951-9108-11-4 . Biscutella L. pp. 182-201.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Karol Marhold, 2011: Brassicaceae. : Biscutella - data sheet at Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.
^ ^A ^b Peter Schönfelder , Ingrid Schönfelder: The new cosmos Mediterranean flora. Franckh Kosmos Verlag Stuttgart 2008. ISBN 978-3-440-10742-3 . P. 146.

Web links

Commons : Brillenschötchen ( Biscutella ) - Collection of images, videos and audio files

[Kubitzki2003-1] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k O. Appel, Ihsan A. Al-Shehbaz: Cruciferae . In: Klaus Kubitzki, Clemens Bayer (Eds.): The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants . Flowering Plants - Dicotyledons: Malvales, Capparales and Non-betalain Caryophyllales. tape 5 . Springer Science & Business Media, 2003, ISBN 978-3-662-07255-4 , pp. 109 ( Biscutella L. on p. 109 in the Google book search).

[Flora_Vascular-2] Data sheet from Flora Vascular , accessed May 31, 2015

[GRIN-3] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o Biscutella in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.

[Jalas1996-4] Jaakko Jalas, Juha Suominen, Raino Lampinen (ed.): Atlas Florae Europaeae. Distribution of Vascular Plants in Europe. 11. Cruciferae (Ricotia to Raphanus). Akateeminen Kirjakauppa & Tiedekirja, The Committee for Mapping the Flora of Europe & Societas Biologica Fennica Vanamo, Helsinki 1996, ISBN 951-9108-11-4 . Biscutella L. pp. 182-201.

[Euro+Med-5] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Karol Marhold, 2011: Brassicaceae. : Biscutella - data sheet at Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.

[Schönfelder2008-6] A ^b Peter Schönfelder , Ingrid Schönfelder: The new cosmos Mediterranean flora. Franckh Kosmos Verlag Stuttgart 2008. ISBN 978-3-440-10742-3 . P. 146.