Britzer mill
| Britzer mill
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 The Britzer mill |
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| Location and history | ||
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| Coordinates | 52 ° 25 '55 " N , 13 ° 26' 1" E | |
| Location |
 Germany
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| Built | 1865 | |
| Status | functional technical monument | |
| technology | ||
| use | Flour mill | |
| Grinder | two millstones, working grinder | |
| drive | Windmill | |
| Windmill type | twelve-edged gallery Dutch windmill | |
| Wing type | Venetian blinds | |
| Number of wings | 4th | |
| Tracking | Compass rose | |
The Britzer Mühle (formerly: Stechhansche Mühle named after the second miller and owner K. A. A. Stechhan) is a fully functional gallery Dutch windmill of the extremely rare twelve-sided type with two grinding stages . It is one of the eight remaining windmills in Berlin and the only remaining one of the six Britz mills at its original location.
Location
Today's Britzer Mühle is on the site of the 1985 Federal Horticultural Show on the edge of the Britzer Garden , in the middle of a spacious orchard in the Berlin district of Britz in the Neukölln district , Buckower Damm 130. The administrator of the Britzer Mühle is Grün Berlin GmbH . There used to be a total of six windmills in the Britz district:
- Radkesche Mühle (Britzer Damm 12-14),
- Knuthsche Mühle (Koppelweg 32-60),
- Dornbusch Mühle (Mariendorfer Allee 28-36),
- Post mill Pannwitz (Buckower Damm 120),
- Steinsche Mühle (Buschkrugallee 66–70, Franz-Körner-Strasse 2–18) and the
- Stechansche Mühle (Buckower Damm 130-134).
History of the property
In 1856 the master baker Friedrich Jentsch bought the property for 440 thalers , which in 1861 was auctioned off to the merchant Heinrich Simon for 2,495 thalers; During this time a house, barn and stables were built, which increased the value of the property considerably. In 1862 the master baker Friedrich Wilhelm Schulz bought it for 5,500 thalers, who in 1865 sold it to the timber dealer Carl-Rudolf Wismar for 1,450 thalers. Due to financial difficulties, he transferred all rights of the adjudication notice to the master miller Johann Wilhelm Gottlob Dörfer, who thus became the owner with all rights and the builder of the new mill.
History of the mill
In the years 1865 and 1866 Johann Wilhelm Gottlob Dörfer built the gallery Dutch windmill with British - American technology in Britz, which he sold to the mill master Karl Albert August Stechhan for 19,000 thalers in 1874 because of a change of location. The movable mill inventory and stocks that were also sold were recorded proportionally with 2,000 thalers. The mill was named Stechhansche Mühle . In 1893, Stechhan had a boiler attached to the remise to support the milling operations and leased the mill to the mill master Franz Bensdorf in 1925. In 1936 he shut down the wind drive and replaced it with a diesel engine . The wing cross was not put into operation again until 50 years later.
In 1940, during the Second World War, the construction company Friedrich Hauck & Co. acquired the property from the descendants of Stechan, which was partially destroyed in 1943 by Allied air raids . In 1947, new technical systems were installed, which Richard Bensdorf expanded again in 1953 and used in his new mill in Alt-Buckow , which was built in 1951 .
The mill was listed as a historical monument in 1955 . In 1958 the wings and the gallery (handling) were restored, and the mill was covered with new wooden shingles. In 1959 the State of Berlin acquired the entire mill property from the architect Franz Hauck for 100,000 marks and leased it to a scout organization for temporary use .
In 1977 the Berlin House of Representatives decided to include the then 111-year-old Britzer Mill in the concept of the 1985 Federal Horticultural Show; In 1983 the buildings were renovated. Federal President Richard von Weizsäcker officially opened the mill complex as part of the Federal Horticultural Show in 1985 .
Piet Leeuw from Buren took over the mill operation in 1986 and began training Berlin hobby millers in February 1987. On February 23, 1987, after 50 years of inactivity, the first grain was ground again in the windmill, which is now 121 years old. On May 16 of the same year, the Britzer Mühle restaurant opened as part of the first Britzer Mill Day . As early as December 1987, the mill was temporarily shut down due to the technical deficiencies in the rods (wing bars) and comb wheel that were discovered during operation . The established Dutch mill builder Groot Wesseldijk BV Molenmakersbedrijf from Lochem started the necessary repair work in January 1988. At the beginning of March 1988, the old wooden wings were replaced by a wood and steel sheet construction agreed with the state conservator , and a new comb wheel and two new stone wheels were installed. At the beginning of April 1988 the mill resumed operation after Piet Leeuw had carried out a test run in wind force 8. Piet Leeuw († November 21, 2003) returned to his homeland in October. Previously, the miller's apprentices had passed their windmill test with distinction before a Dutch examination board. In the previous training courses, more than 100 millers have now passed their windmill diploma. These are either members of the Britzer Müller Verein e. V. or continue their hobby in other mills and associations. The Britzer Müller Association with its windmill was one of the few institutions in Germany that still offered this training for the Müller hobby today. The owner of Britzer Mühle, Grün Berlin GmbH, ended the lease with the Britzer Müller Verein on December 31, 2016. Since 2017 the association Britzer Müllerei e. V. the mill in order to preserve it as a functioning technical monument for people who are enthusiastic about mills. The training to become a hobby miller initiated by Peet Leuuw will also be continued.
Data
Design / type
- Twelve-edged six-storey Dutch windmill made of wood with gallery (Umlauf, Zwickstell), two-storey stone substructure including gallery floor, compass rose and self-regulating louvre flaps
- Cap height: approx. 20 m / gallery height: approx. 4.50 m
- Wing span (flight): 25 m
- Weight of the canopy: approx. 27 tons
transmission
- Top comb wheel (vane shaft) 95 combs
- Upper bunker (vertical shaft) 48 combs
- Spur gear (vertical shaft) 131 combs
- Stone stick wheel (basket wheel on the wheat aisle) 33 sticks
- Steinstockrad (basket wheel at the Roggengang) 38 sticks
Translations
- Vane shaft: vertical shaft 1: 1.979
- Main shaft: Wheat gear 1: 3,969
- Vertical shaft: rye gear 1: 3.447
- Max. Load capacity: 67 ends (wing passes) per minute, which corresponds to:
- 131.5 min −1 (revolutions per minute) on the wheat aisle and 114.25 min −1 on the rye aisle
literature
- Gerald Bost Die Britzer Mühle - A technical monument with an eventful history , Berlin 2016 terra press, ISBN 978-3-942917-24-7 .
- Green Berlin: Britzer Mühle. Ed .: Britzer Garten. Berlin 1991 (brochure).
- Micaela Haas, Joachim Varchmin: Mills yesterday and tomorrow, wind and water power in Berlin and Brandenburg. Martina Galunder Verlag, Nümbrecht 2002, ISBN 3-89909-009-8 .
- HJ Rieseberg: Mühlen in Berlin , Berlin 1983, p. 94.
- List of monuments Berlin: Obj.-Dok.-No .: 09060069.
Web links
- official homepage
- Britzer Mühle on Berlin.de
- Britzer Mühle on the German Society for Milling Research and Maintenance (DGM)
- Entry in the Berlin State Monument List
Individual evidence
- ↑ Gerald Bost: The Britzer Mühle: A technical monument with an eventful history. Berlin 2016 terra press, ISBN 978-3-942917-24-7 , p. 44.