Brummer class (1884)
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The Brummer class was a class of two armored cannon boats of the German Imperial Navy . It was named after the SMS Brummer put into service in 1884 and formed the second class of this type. Like the previous wasp class , it was built by AG Weser in Bremen .
technology
In the development of the Brummer class, the introduction of the torpedo as well as the expectations of its possible uses and effectiveness played an important role. The emergence of armored warships also brought uncertainties about the tactical and technical design of newbuildings. Among other things, this led to the construction of flat armored gunboats for coastal defense, the first representative of which in the Imperial Navy was the Wasp class. The Brummer class built on their conception.
The two Brummer- class gunboats were slimmer than their predecessors. With a design displacement of 867 t , the maximum displacement was 929 t. The ships were a total of 64.80 m long, with the construction waterline had a length of 62.6 m. The maximum width was 8.5 m. The draft at maximum displacement was 2.68 m forward and 4.77 m aft . The hull, designed as a transverse frame steel structure, was divided into eight watertight compartments to increase safety against sinking .
Two generators were available to operate the ships' electrical equipment, generating a voltage of 65 volts and a maximum output of 9.75 kW .
The regular crew of the ships initially consisted of five officers and 73 men . In the course of the service, the number was reduced to three officers and 62 men.
In contrast to their predecessors, the ships of the Brummer class were good seagoing ships. At Gegensee her loss of speed was only minor. However, the ships took over a lot of water and were very wet overall. At Dwarssee they also had a tendency to roll strongly of up to 35 °.
Propulsion system
The propulsion system consisted of two locomotive boilers , which were heated with a total of four fires and were housed in a common boiler room. They had a heating surface of 510 m² and generated an operating pressure of 7 atm . The boilers each supplied a two-cylinder double expansion machine , which together generated a maximum output of 1,658 PSi for the Brummer and 2,081 PSi for the brake . The two machines, located in a common engine room, acted on a common shaft and drove a four-winged screw with a diameter of 3.6 m. In conjunction with a significantly more powerful propulsion system, the Brummer- class ships achieved significantly higher speeds than their predecessors at 14.1 and 15.2 kn respectively and could therefore also be used as reconnaissance ships for the fleet and as guide ships for torpedo boats . The fuel supply of 68 t of coal on board enabled a steam route of 1,370 nm at a speed of 10 kn. The ships had a rudder.
Armor
Belt armor - available in the Waspe class - was dispensed with, but compound armor of a maximum of 40 mm composite steel was provided for the upper deck , which was applied to 200 mm teak . The armor was made of a material newly developed by Dillinger Hütte . In addition, the existing coamings were provided with armor of 160 mm, the subsurface of which was also 200 mm of teak.
Armament
Instead of a hard-to-use 30.5 cm gun, the Brummer class chose one with a 21 cm caliber as the main gun of the gunboats. This had an elevation range of −8 ° to + 13 ° and reached a range of 7900 meters. 50 rounds of ammunition were carried for the main gun. In addition, a gun with a caliber of 8.7 cm, for which 75 rounds were available, and two revolver cannons with a caliber of 3.7 cm were installed. In addition, there was an underwater torpedo tube with a diameter of 35 cm, mounted in the bow , for which three torpedoes were on board.
commitment
The Brummer- class ships were originally designed for coastal defense and for use in the fleet. In addition to some missions as a reconnaissance aircraft during the maneuvers of the training fleet, the two ships were mainly used as a guide boat for torpedo boats and for fishery protection. The Brummer was later also used as a training ship for machine weapons. Although younger, both units were removed from the list of warships before the Wasp- class.
Brummer- class ships
- SMS Brummer : launched on January 5, 1884. The ship was first put into service on October 10, 1884. It was initially used as a guide boat for torpedo boats between 1892 and 1894, initially as a tender , and later in fishery protection . From 1900 the ship was used for training on machine weapons. On May 25, 1907, it was deleted from the list of warships. The Brummer wasusedas a warehouse hulk forseveral yearsand wasscrappedin Wilhelmshaven in 1922.
- SMS Bremse : Launched on March 29, 1884. The first commissioning took place on December 22, 1884. The test drives were followed by a six-year reserve period. In 1891 and 1892 the ship was used in fishery protection, as well as in 1902. OnMarch 10, 1903, the brake was removed from the list of warships. The hull was used upas a prahm in Düsseldorf .
literature
- Gröner, Erich / Dieter Jung / Martin Maass: The German warships 1815-1945 . tape 1 : Armored ships, ships of the line, battleships, aircraft carriers, cruisers, gunboats . Bernard & Graefe Verlag, Munich 1982, ISBN 3-7637-4800-8 , p. 167 f .
- Hildebrand, Hans H. / Albert Röhr / Hans-Otto Steinmetz: The German warships . Biographies - a mirror of naval history from 1815 to the present . tape 2 : Ship biographies from Baden to Eber . Mundus Verlag, Ratingen.