Sparkling wine

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
A glass of champagne, quality sparkling wine from Champagne

Sparkling wine is the generic term for bottled wine- containing drinks that are under pressure due to their carbon dioxide content . The excess pressure caused by the dissolved carbon dioxide must be at least 3 bar at 20 ° C. In contrast, sparkling wines only have an overpressure of 1 to 2.5 bar. The origin of alcohol is regulated in Germany in the Law on the Taxation of Sparkling Wine and Intermediate Products and in Austria in the Sparkling Wine Tax Act 1995 .

production method

The manufacturing processes differ fundamentally in the origin of the carbon dioxide. There are the following three variants:

  1. The carbon dioxide does not come from the fermentation of the wine, but is dissolved in the impregnation process by applying pressure and cooling in the wine, which is filled onto the bottle under pressure. Sales description: "Sparkling wine with added carbon dioxide"
  2. The carbon dioxide results from the first fermentation, Méthode rurale or Asti method , also méthode dioise ancestrale : musts, preferably from bouquet varieties, are kept sweet by (multiple) yeast removal and cold storage before the end of the alcoholic fermentation. The sugary young wine is further fermented in the pressure vessel - this can also be a bottle - to the highest possible pressure. The newly formed yeast is removed by disgorging or filtering. Examples: "Refosco" from Trieste, " Moscato spumante d'Asti " (also "Asti spumante"), " Clairette de Die " (AOC), " Blanquette de Limoux " and Blanquette méthode ancestrale . Such sparkling wines carry the sales description: "Aromatic quality sparkling wine" or "Aromatic quality sparkling wine bA"
  3. The carbon dioxide results from the second fermentation: By adding sugar and yeast ( filling dosage ) to a fermented young wine and fermenting it in a pressure-resistant container, the carbon dioxide that is created remains in the wine. The different processes Méthode champenoise or Méthode traditional, Transvasier process and Méthode Charmat or large-scale fermentation (tank fermentation process) are shown under Sekt . Examples: champagne , sparkling wine sales description: champagne, "bA", "quality sparkling wine", "quality sparkling wine psr"

Food law requirements

The following requirements must be met for the wine to be designated as sparkling wine:

  • Indication of the country of origin on the label ;
  • Alcohol content of at least 9.5 percent by volume ;
  • The total sulfur dioxide content must not exceed 235 mg / l;
  • The carbon dioxide overpressure must be at least 3  bar . In particular, the sparkling wine is delimited with a carbonic acid pressure of only 1 to 2.5 bar.

Single sparkling wines

A large number of sparkling wines are produced in the various wine-growing regions. A selection:

Cremant de Bordeaux Blanc Brut

Germany and Austria

Sparkling wine, or in particular winery sparkling wine (= producer bottling ), must be made from the basic wines of the winery. Both the bottle fermentation process (Méthode Champenoise) and the tank fermentation process (Méthode Charmat) are used.

France

Champagne and Crémant are quality sparkling wines from inside and outside Champagne .

Italy

Spumante is the name for sparkling wine in Italy. Are known z. B. Prosecco , which is obtained from the white grape variety Glera and comes from the Veneto wine-growing region . Prosecco is not only produced as a sparkling wine, but also as a sparkling wine (Frizzante) or, more rarely, as a still wine . Also known are z. As Asti Spumante from the same city, from the Muscat - vine is produced, or Spumante from the Franciacorta . The latter is made from Chardonnay and / or Pinot nero . A maximum of 50% Pinot Bianco may be added.

Portugal

Vinho espumante is the name for sparkling wine in Portugal. It is made from white and red grape varieties, especially in the Alto Douro wine-growing areas (especially around Lamego ), Bairrada , Távora-Varosa , and the areas around Melgaço , etc. a. The over a hundred year old brand Raposeira from Lamego is particularly well known .

Spain

Cava is a quality sparkling wine.

Ukraine

Crimean sparkling wine is produced in the Ukraine from white or red grape varieties using the bottle fermentation process.

Taxation (Germany)

Sparkling wine is subject in the Federal Republic of Germany of sparkling wine tax . This is a consumption tax and amounts to 51 euros per hectolitre for sparkling wine with an alcohol content of less than 6% vol. Alcohol and 136 euros per hectolitre for sparkling wine with an alcohol content of 6% vol. Or more. According to a survey by the Federal Statistical Office, 283.8 million liters of sparkling wine were consumed in Germany in 2018.

Taste indications

Optionally, information can be given on the label for sparkling wines, which are classified according to the residual sugar content. An example is the indication “Brut” [ brʏt ] (German: “herb”) for sparkling wines that have a residual sugar content of less than 12 g / l. Sparkling wines that are labeled “dry” ( sec) may have 17–35 g of residual sugar per liter.

literature

See also

Web links

Commons : Sparkling Wine  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Wiktionary: Sparkling wine  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

Individual evidence

  1. SchaumwZwStG
  2. § 2 SchaumwZwStG
  3. Approximate consumption of alcoholic beverages in Germany. Federal Statistical Office, September 23, 2019, accessed on February 3, 2020 .