Bulimia learning

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The term Bulimielernen (also bulimic learning , bulimia learning , bulimic learning , bulimic learning or Lernbulimie called) refers to the short-term memorization of facts , formulas , facts , knowledge , etc. for an exam , written exam , class work or a test that one forgets again a relatively short time afterwards and therefore usually cannot apply to similar problems due to a lack of practice and deeper understanding. With this learning method it is possible to pass, but the actual long-term learning effect is small or nonexistent. So it is primarily the short-term memory instead of the long-term memory that is promoted. According to the headmaster Dani Burg, this basic concept of learning in school has existed for 150 years.

Origin, distribution and reasons

The term is based on the eating disorder bulimia , in which the person concerned eats when they are hungry and vomits again a short time afterwards.

Bulimia learning is particularly common before exam situations in schools, correspondence courses, and universities . In order to be able to learn new knowledge quickly, learners often fall back on websites and web videos ( crash course ) and mostly remain passive learners. Particularly at risk are pupils at a young age with a high level of memory or giftedness who do not see the need to repeat learning material regularly. Other common reasons are procrastination (postponement of the learning material ) during learning and the associated lack of time. Pressures that contribute to bulimia learning can also be exacerbated by overly high expectations from parents and a lack of understanding or knowledge about lifelong learning .

Federal school spokesman Felix Wagner is of the opinion that a student must see the meaning behind what he is learning in order to keep the subject matter in his head for a longer period of time. In a survey conducted by the Austrian Federal Student Council with 4,500 upper school students, 87% of the students stated that they did not consider the subject matter taught in their school to be useful. 50% of the pupils stated that they feel demotivated by their everyday school life . 50% stated that they found school to be a good preparation for further education and life and 63% of the students stated that they no longer knew what they had learned shortly after the exam. “If I don't see the meaning of what I'm learning, then I won't try to keep the material for long. Meaningful and efficient learning looks different, ”says Wagner.

criticism

It is often criticized that the schooled study after the Bologna Process and the school, especially with the Abitur after the twelfth grade , requires bulimia learning for the passing.

When you are short of time and not enough breaks, learning bulimas can lead to stress , sleep and anxiety disorders and poor memory performance such as a blackout .

Another criticism is that when learning bulimia, learning is usually not done for life or out of interest in the subject matter , but only for the grade and the associated status. In the opinion of critics, it is also more about the selection of learners for the labor market according to their ability to remember than individual support, which is adapted to the differences and wishes of the learners. Bulimia learning thus stands in contrast to the Humboldtian ideal of education .

In the eyes of many critics, learning by heart and pure reproduction of facts, formulas, facts, knowledge, etc., as required by most state schools, is no longer up-to-date in the eyes of many critics in times of rapid information retrieval via the Internet and arte not least because of a lack of interest on the part the student and time pressure mostly in bulimia learning. Today, according to many parents, the focus is instead on competencies , skills and the promotion of creativity for later professional life as a learning goal .

Many psychologists , educational and neuroscientists who are concerned with the question of better education believe that students could know a lot more if they had less material to learn, because because of the large amount of material, most of it is forgotten in an ever shorter time and often, whether consciously or unconsciously, bulimia learning is used as the primary learning method.

Gerald Lembke , Professor of Business Administration, Media Management and Communication at the Baden-Wuerttemberg Cooperative State University, is of the opinion that today's education system does not meet the requirements of the future world of life and work. Instead, the school system would train students for an ancient time, which ensures that many students memorize the material to be learned without understanding it, which also promotes bulimia learning.

Forgetting the learning content and the lack of flexibility as well as a lack of learning transfer can also lead to a decline in the values ​​of qualifications and the level of education. Bulimia learning can also contribute to the decline in education, which is measured in procedures such as the PISA studies . Due to the forgotten material, the learners lack important basic and previous knowledge in the course of their education and there are difficulties understanding new material that is based on the old.

The psychologist Thomas Städtler criticizes the fact that more and more material ends up in the curriculum without old material being mucked out, which also ensures that bulimia learning is more and more necessary to pass school. In his book Die Bildungshochstapler: Why our curricula must be cut by 90%, he calls for curricula to be cut by at least 90%.

Regular learning should improve work performance outside of exam phases, such as in class .

The brain researcher Gerhard Roth criticizes the school system and the way knowledge is imparted in his book Education Needs Personality - How Learning Works . "All tests of the knowledge that young people still have five years after leaving school" showed that "the school system has an efficiency that tends towards zero". Schoolchildren would quickly forget what they have learned due to poor knowledge transfer. In order for students to remember what they have learned for longer, "we have to say goodbye to the delusion of pouring as much material as possible into the student's brain in the shortest possible time", because "less material that is systematically repeated is stored more effectively."

The neurobiologist Gerald Hüther also criticizes the fact that two years after graduating from high school, high school graduates would only know 10% of what they learned in school. In his opinion, 100% must be sought. This is to be achieved by letting students be guided more by their interests rather than by the requirements of the ministry of culture.

The education critic and philosopher Richard David Precht expresses himself in his book Anna, die Schule und der liebe Gott: The betrayal of the education system to our children critically about today's school system and, in contrast to some other critics, calls for a new educational revolution instead of -evolution. In his opinion, in today's school system too much time is wasted memorizing facts and knowledge, which mostly degenerates into bulimia learning.

Some private and non-governmental schools such as Waldorf and Maria Montessori schools also try to use alternative learning methods in some cases.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h Richard David Precht : We need an educational revolution! In: cicero.de. Retrieved September 2, 2019 .
  2. ↑ a b c d e Is our school system sick? In: fritzundfraenzi.ch. January 3, 2019, accessed July 9, 2019 .
  3. ↑ a b c d e Education policy: In the footsteps of Bologna: Learning bulimia fills the whole day . wiwo.de, February 9, 2012; accessed on September 13, 2019.
  4. ↑ a b Anna Kröning: "90 percent of the content can be deleted" . In: The world . September 18, 2019 ( welt.de [accessed September 23, 2019]).
  5. ^ Education system - The end of "bulimic learning". In: Friday. Retrieved November 19, 2019 .
  6. ↑ a b c d e f Rainer Ammel: Good grades without stress: A teacher reveals the best tips and tricks to successfully pass high school . Heyne Verlag, 2017, ISBN 978-3-641-19728-5 ( google.de [accessed June 7, 2019]).
  7. ↑ a b Gerald Lembke, Ingo Leipner: The lie of digital education: Why our children forget to learn . Redline Wirtschaft, 2018, ISBN 978-3-96267-007-8 ( google.de [accessed June 7, 2019]).
  8. ↑ And procrastination greets you every day. In: pointer.de. Retrieved September 7, 2019 .
  9. ↑ a b Tutoring institutes - Bulimia learning in the Abi crash course. In: deutschlandfunk.de. Retrieved June 7, 2019 .
  10. ↑ a b c d e 87 percent of the students find the subject matter not useful. In: The Standard. Retrieved January 21, 2020 (Austrian German).
  11. ↑ a b 87% of the students think that what is taught at school is pointless. In: lehrerfreund.de. February 10, 2013, accessed January 21, 2020 .
  12. ↑ n-tv NEWS: The dilemma with the school grades. Retrieved February 28, 2020 .
  13. ↑ Expert advice - Prof. Bernd Thomsen: That is what the school of the future must do. In: handelsblatt.com. Retrieved June 7, 2019 .
  14. ↑ a b c d e I don't want to know . In: Die Zeit , No. 33/2011
  15. ↑ a b "We train by the future work reality". In: Advertise & Sell. July 3, 2019, accessed September 23, 2019 .
  16. ↑ Sabine Czerny: What we do to our children at school: ... and how we can change that . Südwest Verlag, 2011, ISBN 978-3-641-04142-7 ( google.de [accessed June 7, 2019]).
  17. ↑ John Erpenbeck, Werner Sauter: Stop the Competence Disaster !: Paths to a new world of education . Springer-Verlag, 2015, ISBN 978-3-662-48503-3 ( google.de [accessed June 7, 2019]).
  18. ^ Thomas Städtler - The educational impostors. Retrieved September 10, 2019 .
  19. ↑ Thomas Städtler: Die Bildungshochstapler: Why our curricula have to be cut by 90% . 1st edition. Springer Spectrum, 2010, ISBN 978-3-8274-2150-0 , p. 524 .
  20. ^ A b Gerhard Roth: Education needs personality: how learning succeeds . 1st edition. Klett-Cotta, Stuttgart 2011, ISBN 978-3-608-94655-0 , p. 524 .
  21. ↑ a b “A lot of knowledge is lost”. In: FOCUS Online. Retrieved September 19, 2019 .
  22. ^ A b c Criticism of the school system: Hüther wants to abolish high school and curricula. In: Spiegel Online . Retrieved September 15, 2019 .
  23. ↑ Ties Rabe: School reform debate: "A typical sofa critic" . In: The time . April 18, 2013, ISSN  0044-2070 ( zeit.de [accessed June 7, 2019]).
  24. ↑ Richard David Precht, Martin Möller: Richard David Precht reads Anna, the school and God the betrayal of the education system to our children; full reading. 2013, accessed September 13, 2019 .
  25. ↑ Richard David Precht - The education system must be revolutionized. Retrieved September 13, 2019 .
  26. ↑ Britta Heidemann: No grades, no classes - Richard David Precht wants to revolutionize the school. April 19, 2013, accessed September 20, 2019 .
  27. ↑ Private schools: the new educational magnet? NDR, accessed June 7, 2019 .
  28. ↑ Is our school system still up to date? Does it stifle joy and creativity? In: Building Online Business. Online Business Consulting, December 2, 2017, accessed September 24, 2019 .