Federal museums
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|---|---|---|---|
| State level | Federation | ||
| position | Outsourced institutions (fully legal institutions) | ||
| At sight | Federal Ministry for Art, Culture, Public Service and Sport | ||
| founding | (Name since 1920) | ||
The federal museums in Vienna are museums owned by the Republic of Austria and form in their entirety one of the largest collections in the world.
history
Some of them go back to the imperial collections up to 1918 , which were compiled on behalf of the monarchs and exhibited in representative museum buildings since the second half of the 19th century, and some of them are foundations of the Imperial and Royal State Administration . The Museum of Modern Art was founded in 1962; The 21er Haus was opened in its former building in 2011 by the Belvedere .
The 1998 created legal construction of full legal capacity federal museums ( scientific institutions under public law ) was also for the Austrian National Library selected, not a museum is. The Federal Pathological-Anatomical Museum initially remained a subordinate department of the Ministry of Education , the supervisory authority for the listed scientific institutions, and was incorporated into the Natural History Museum Vienna (NHM) by federal law in autumn 2011 on 1 January 2012 .
In March 2019, Chancellery Minister Gernot Blümel announced that the federal museums should receive a joint secretary general on January 1, 2020, who should provide operational support to the chairman of the Federal Museum Conference. In addition, a Federal Museum Service GmbH is to be set up, the managing director of which is the Secretary General.
The houses
The eight institutions and their affiliated houses recorded around 5.6 million visits in 2017, of which 2 million or 36% were full-paying. In 2011 there were 4 million visits. Since January 1, 2010, entry is free for visitors under 19 years of age; In 2011 this affected 36.7% or 1.4 million of all visits, in 2017 21% or 1.2 million. For the development see most visited sights of Vienna .
Other federally owned and federally funded museums that do not belong to the federal museums are:
- Schönbrunn Palace , Vienna 13., Schönbrunner Schlossstrasse (managed by Schönbrunn Palace Kultur- und Betriebsgesellschaft mbH under the supervision of the Federal Ministry of Economics and Labor )
- Imperial Furniture Collection / Furniture Museum, Vienna 7., Andreasgasse (managed like Schönbrunn)
- Sisi Museum , imperial apartments , court silver and table chamber , all Vienna 1., Hofburg (managed like Schönbrunn)
- Heeresgeschichtliches Museum , Vienna 3., Arsenal (subordinate to the Federal Ministry for National Defense )
- Austrian Museum of Folklore , Vienna 8., Laudongasse, and Ethnographic Museum Schloss Kittsee , Burgenland (organized as an association sponsored by the federal government, also an office of the Ministry of Education)
- Austrian Society and Economic Museum / Coffee Museum, Vienna 5., (Association with the participation of the Republic)
- Schloss Hof , Engelhartstetten-Schlosshof, Lower Austria, managed by Marchfeldschlösser Revitalisierungs- und Betriebsgesellschaft mbH, since 2012 a subsidiary of Schloss Schönbrunn Kultur- und Betriebsgesellschaft mbH
Federal Museum Act 2002
| Basic data | |
|---|---|
| Title: | Federal Museum Act 2002 |
| Type: | Federal law |
| Scope: | Republic of Austria |
| Legal matter: | Federal administration |
| Reference: | BGBl. I No. 115/1998 or BGBl. I No. 14/2002 |
| Date of law: | August 14, 1998, January 8, 2002 |
| Last change: | BGBl. I No. 30/2018 |
| New announcement: | BGBl. I No. 142/2000 , BGBl. I No. 14/2002 |
| Please note the note on the applicable legal version ! | |
On the basis of the Federal Constitution of 1920, all museums that are administered by federal agencies have been designated as federal museums for decades; In the narrower sense, however, federal museums are now those that are subject to the Federal Museum Act and are therefore operated as scientific institutions under public law .
Experts speak of full legal capacity (as opposed to the previous partial legal capacity ) because the institutions are now separate legal entities and as such can establish rights and enter into obligations for which the federal government is not liable. So you can z. B. Hire staff who are not subject to civil servant and contract staff regulations. For the Austrian National Library , which is not a museum but operates smaller museums, the legal rules of the Federal Museum Act apply analogously.
The Federal Museum Act was first applied for in 1998 by the Federal Climate Government and its Minister of Education, Elisabeth Gehrer , and passed by the National Council. The current version was newly issued in 2002 and supplemented in 2007.
The federal museums are all part of the cultural heritage of imperial Austria , which was taken over by the republic in 1918/1919. The Museum of Modern Art (MUMOK) is an independent establishment of the Second Republic. Until the law was passed, federal museums were run as subordinate departments of the Ministry of Education and were subject to the personnel, financial and organizational regulations for federal civil servants and federal agencies.
In 1999, on the basis of the Federal Museum Act 1998, the state museums were given full legal capacity and, as far as possible, were run as self-financing scientific institutions owned by the Republic. The first museum to be released into the new independence was the Kunsthistorisches Museum, whose general director Wilfried Seipel had consistently represented the autonomy of his house and participated in the draft law. The Museum für Völkerkunde and the Austrian Theater Museum were subordinated to the new scientific institution, the Kunsthistorisches Museum, against the will of the two collection managers.
When MUMOK, NHM and the National Library became independent, the implementation of the law was completed in early 2003. Today the federal museums are partly financed by entrance fees, special exhibitions , museum shops and cafés as well as international loans , and partly by government grants; these were frozen in 2001–2008 without inflation adjustment and have been the subject of regular negotiations between the heads of the institutions and the ministry ever since.
The attempt to commercialize state museums is viewed critically by two studies (Konrad 2008, Tschmuk 2009).
See also
literature
- Peter Tschmuk: The outsourced muse . Studien Verlag, Innsbruck 2009.
- Heimo Konrad: Museum management and cultural policy using the example of the outsourced federal museums . Facultas Universitätsverlag, Vienna 2008.
- Federal Museum Act 2002 as amended
- Hedwig Kainberger: The museums pay homage to commerce . In: Salzburger Nachrichten . 2009, culture, p. 11 ( 9-.20.4-01 , SN archive).
Web links
- Federal museums , on kunstkultur.bka.gv.at (website of the Federal Chancellery)
- Entry on federal museums in the Austria Forum (in the AEIOU Austria Lexicon )
Individual evidence
- ↑ § 11a, Federal Museum Act 2002, amended by the Budget Accompanying Act 2012 , Federal Law Gazette I No. 112/2011
- ^ The collection on the NHM website , as of December 19, 2012
- ↑ orf.at: Federal museums have a common secretary general . Article dated March 28, 2019, accessed March 28, 2019.
- ^ Message on the website of the Salzburger Nachrichten of January 30, 2018
- ↑ Incorporated into the Natural History Museum Vienna (NHM) as of January 1, 2012 with the Budget Accompanying Act 2012, Federal Law Gazette I No. 112/2011. The collection on the NHM website as of December 19, 2012
- ^ National Park Institute Donauauen in Petronell
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↑ Organized by the Salzwelten GmbH of Salinen Austria , which is subordinate to the Ministry of Economic Affairs;
Hallstatt Salt Mine. salzwelten.at - ↑ www.volkskundemuseum.at
- ↑ Federal Ministry for Education, Science and Culture (ed.): Kulturbericht 2000 . Vienna ( left on pdf In: Culture → Reports and Materials → Culture Report 2000. bm: ukk, May 7, 2007 [accessed on April 1, 2009]).
