New building (Vienna)

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New building
VII. Viennese district
coat of arms map
Vienna - Neubau district, Wappen.svg
Innere Stadt Leopoldstadt Landstraße Wieden Margareten Mariahilf Neubau Josefstadt Alsergrund Favoriten Simmering Meidling Hietzing Penzing Rudolfsheim-Fünfhaus Ottakring Hernals Währing Döbling Brigittenau Floridsdorf Donaustadt LiesingLocation of Neubau (Wien) in Vienna (clickable map)
About this picture
Geographic location : 48 ° 12 '  N , 16 ° 21'  E Coordinates: 48 ° 12 '  N , 16 ° 21'  E
Surface: 1.61 km²
Residents: 31,961 (January 1, 2020)
Population density : 19,852 inhabitants / km²
Postal code : 1070
Address of the
district office:
Hermanngasse 24-26
1070 Vienna
Website: www.wien.gv.at
politics
District Head : Markus Reiter ( Greens )
District council
election 2015
10
5
18th
4th
3
10 18th 4th 
A total of 40 seats

The new building has been part of Vienna's urban area since 1850 and the 7th district since 1861  .

geography

The new building is limited as follows:

The new building belongs to the inner districts of Vienna, to the expanded city center, and with an area of ​​1.613 km² is the third smallest district of Vienna. It occupies 0.39% of the area of ​​Vienna. The district is one of the most densely built-up districts in Vienna. Only 2.9% of the district area is made up of grassland.

topography

The new building is located in the area between the depression of the now canalised Ottakringer Bach and the ridge of Mariahilfer Straße . The Ottakringer Bach originally ran in the area of ​​today's Lerchenfelder Straße or Neustiftgasse and served the suburb of Ortisei for water supply and waste disposal. The sea level drops in the district from west to east and is 212  m above sea level at the belt . A. , at the Museumsquartier 182 m above sea level. A.

District parts

District parts of the new building

The Neubau district was formed in 1850 from the four suburbs of Schottenfeld, Neubau, Sankt Ulrich and Spittelberg. There were also smaller parts of Mariahilf, Laimgrube and Altlerchenfeld.

Schottenfeld

The largest part of the district is Schottenfeld in the west. The district part essentially comprises the area between the Gürtel and Neubaugasse . In addition to the municipal district office (which is also responsible for the 6th district), the tax office, the Vienna main library , the Sankt-Laurenz-Kirche and the Imperial Furniture Collection (Vienna Furniture Museum) are located on the Schottenfeld.

Altlerchenfeld (part)

In the northwest, around the Altlerchenfelder parish church on Lerchenfelder Straße, there is a small part of Altlerchenfeld (the larger part belongs to the 8th district).

New building
Flea market in Neubaugasse

East of the Schottenfeld is the relatively small former village of Neubau between Neubaugasse and Kirchengasse.

Ortisei

The Ortisei district is located in the northeast. The Ministry of Justice ( Palais Trautson ), the Mechitarist monastery and the parish church of Sankt Ulrich are located here.

Spittelberg
Spittelberg
The museum quarter on the "two line"

To the south is the historically most densely built-up Spittelberg, which has established itself as a local mile. The Volkstheater and the MuseumsQuartier are also located on the site of the historic Spittelberg, but are no longer associated with it today.

Laimgrube and Mariahilf (parts)

To the south of the Spittelberg are small parts of the former suburbs of Laimgrube ( Stiftskaserne ) and Mariahilf, which otherwise belong to the 6th district.

There is also a breakdown of the district area into the counting districts of the official statistics, in which the counting areas of the municipality are summarized. The five counting districts in the new building are St. Ulrich, Stiftskaserne, Apollogasse, Schottenfeld and Neustiftgasse.

Land use

The areas of the new building are almost exclusively used as a construction area or for traffic areas. 72.0% of the district area is taken up by building land, the highest figure in a Viennese district. The majority of the building area (82.5%) is in residential areas, the rest almost exclusively in cultural, public and religious institutions (14.0%). On the other hand, areas dedicated to operating areas make up a small proportion of the new building, with only 3.6% of the building area being used for this type of use. In addition to the construction areas, the traffic areas make up the largest share of the area with 25.2%. The new building is therefore the district with the third fewest green spaces. This type of use accounts for only 2.9% of the district's area, with all of the district's green spaces being parks.

Land use in hectares 2001
Construction area Green space Traffic areas
116 4.66 40.58
Housing Service area public facilities Agriculture Parks Woods grasslands Allotments Leisure areas
95.65 4.13 16.22 - 4.66 - - - -

history

New building around 1830
Mariahilferstrasse (1908)
Advertisements for “film cafés” in Neubaugasse 1923, at that time the center of the Austrian film industry
Older history of the settlements

The oldest settlement in what is now the district was the village of Zeismannsbrunn . Since 1302 the settlement has been called St. Ulrich after the patron saint of the church . St. Ulrich was the most important stronghold of Protestantism in Vienna. In 1693, the western part of Ortisei was separated from the manor as an independent new building . A little further to the west was a settlement owned by the Schottenstift , which was called Neustift . Also a little outside was the Schottenfeld (formerly also: Oberes Neustift, Ober-Neustift, Neu-Schottenfeld) , which was also known as Brillantengrund or Seidengrund because of its industry and the resulting wealth . (The Seidengasse is a reminder.)

In contrast, the Spittelberg (formerly: Spitalberg) had a very bad reputation. The very narrow buildings were not conducive to health, and the settlement was also a stronghold of prostitution . Today this district is an example of a luxury renovation.

Incorporation

In 1848/1849 the feudal rulership in Austria was dissolved; In 1849, a provisional municipal law for all countries of the monarchy , with the exception of the Hungarian, was enacted with the Imperial Patent of March 17, 1849 , stating that suburbs always have to form a single local municipality with the actual city. Therefore, the Viennese suburbs, which today form the Neubau district, were not independent, but were subordinated to the Vienna City Council in 1849 as suburbs that were formerly subject to protection and formally incorporated into Vienna in 1850 as the 6th district with the name Neubau . After the division of Wiedens in 1861, Neubau became the 7th district, a year later the district boundaries were redrawn, making small parts of the former suburbs of Mariahilf , Laimgrube and Altlerchenfeld the 7th district.

The western border of the Neubau district ran from Bernardgasse to Stollgasse one block east (!) Of the belt laid out in the 1870s to 1890s , thus through Wimbergergasse and Kenyongasse. Urban-Loritz-Platz was also part of the 15th district. The state law of December 28, 1904 stipulated that this district border was moved to the Gürtelstrasse. In the corresponding announcement of the Lower Austrian governor of June 7th, 1905, it was specified that the new western border of the 7th district runs along the "western border of the Stadtbahn body " (thus the inner belt and today's underground line belong to the district) and apply from July 1, 1905.

The last two changes to the district boundaries were made in 1995 in the area of ​​the Lerchenfeld belt and in 1996 in the area of ​​Europaplatz in front of the Westbahnhof , in order to simplify the district affiliation of the traffic facilities there.

The development of the district comes mainly from the period between 1880 and 1910. At that time there were also a lot of industrial companies that were later abandoned or relocated.

Movie district

With the heyday of Austrian silent films between 1918 and 1923, Neubaugasse and adjacent streets developed into the film district, where almost all of the film companies in Vienna had their headquarters or at least a branch. There is hardly a house that does not have at least one film distributor, film producer, film lawyer, film bookstore, film café or film supplier - the closer to Mariahilfer Strasse, the more likely it is. Film equipment companies and other specialists in the industry were also concentrated in Neubaugasse at the time.

Even after this phase, the area remained the film district, and the history of the film district is likely to have come to an end only with the "annexation" to Germany and the subsequent major change in the film industry, which was previously predominantly Jewish.

Today there are only a few branches of companies active in the film industry in Neubaugasse and adjacent streets such as Mariahilfer Strasse and Siebensterngasse. In addition, the industry as a whole is much more concentrated on a few dominant companies, while before 1938 dozens of film distributors and producers divided the market among themselves.

Second World War

In 1943/1944 several anti-aircraft towers were built in Vienna, including the combat tower in the collegiate barracks . The tower, which can be clearly seen from the old town behind the Museum Quarter, is in the care of the armed forces . As a historical monument, it is under monument protection.

Museum Quarter

With the opening of the Museum Quarter in 2001, the district received a well-known cultural attraction that was well-known beyond Austria and attracted a large number of visitors. The MQ is one of the ten largest cultural areas in Europe. The establishment of the MQ in the former imperial court stables , which were later used as the Vienna Trade Fair Palace and whose building fabric appeared increasingly neglected, was a joint effort by the federal government and the Vienna city administration.

population

Population development
Source: Statistics.at

Population development

The new building was already very densely populated before the district was founded in 1850, which is why 80,043 inhabitants lived in the district area in 1869, a figure that was never exceeded again. The population remained relatively stable until the beginning of the First World War, after which it began to decline gradually. Due to the increasing demand for living space combined with the merging of apartments, the number of inhabitants in the new building has decreased by around half since the end of the Second World War. The population has stabilized since the 1980s and is 31,222 in 2015.

Population structure

The age structure of the Neubauer population in 2013 deviated from the Viennese average in several areas. The proportion of residents under the age of 15 was 10.5%, while this value was significantly higher in Vienna at 14.3%. In contrast, the share of the population aged 20 to 39 in the new building was 38.3%, which is significantly higher than the Viennese average of 30.9%, proof of the reputation of the new building as a magnet for young businesspeople, artists and creative people. The proportion of the population aged 65 or over was 14.3%, below the Vienna figure of 16.9%. With a share of 47.5% men and 52.5% women, the gender distribution in the district was in line with the Viennese average. In 2001 the Neubauer were married less often than the average Viennese with 35.7% compared to 41.2%.

Origin and language

The proportion of foreign residents in the district was 28.2% in 2016 (Vienna: 27.4%) and is showing an upward trend (2001: 20.2%). The highest proportion of foreigners in 2016 was made up of around 5.8% of the district population, citizens from Germany . Another 2.9% were Serbian , 1.2% Polish and 1.1% Turkish citizens, the remainder other foreigners. In 2016, 36.2% of the Neubauer population were not born in Austria.

religion

In the 2001 census, the religious beliefs of the population of Neubau differed from the average in Vienna, especially in the area of ​​people with a Roman Catholic denomination. In 2001, 45.4% of residents stated that they belonged to the Roman Catholic Church (Vienna: 49.2%). There are four Roman Catholic parishes in the municipality, which belong to the city ​​dean's office 6/7 . 7.8% of the residents were of Islamic faith, 7.0% belonged to the Orthodox Church and 5.0% were Protestant (Church of the Resurrection in Lindengasse). 23.8% of the district population did not belong to any religious community, 8.7% had given no or another religion.

politics

District chairman since 1945
Josef Matz ( KPÖ ) 4 / 1945–7 / 1945
Wilhelm Dürnbacher ( ÖVP ) 1945-1950
Ferdinand König ( ÖVP ) 1950-1954
Franz Glamm ( ÖVP ) 1954-1959
Peter Platzer ( ÖVP ) 1959-1964
Franz Pospisil ( ÖVP ) 1964-1965
Otto Limanovsky ( ÖVP ) 1965-1978
Josef Karrer ( ÖVP ) 1978-1991
Herbert Tamchina ( SPÖ ) 1991-1998
Gabriele Zimmermann ( SPÖ ) 1998-2001
Thomas Blimlinger ( Greens ) 2001 - November 30, 2017
Markus Reiter November 30, 2017 -

For a long time , the ÖVP was the party with the strongest votes in the Neubau district and was the district chairman between 1945 and 1991. In 1991 the SPÖ succeeded in overtaking the ÖVP, with the Greens overtaking the FPÖ with 20.1%. The 1996 elections resulted in losses for the SPÖ, ÖVP and the Greens due to the first appearance of the Liberal Forum (LIF). Only the FPÖ was able to gain slightly and overtook the Greens. After the Greens in Neubau under Thomas Blimlinger became the strongest party in an Austrian district for the first time in the 1999 European elections, the Greens also won the district council elections in 2001. With a gain of 13.8%, the Greens overtook the SPÖ, making Thomas Blimlinger the first Green District Chairman in Vienna. Even slight gains by the SPÖ could not prevent this, while the ÖVP lost heavily and the LIF only achieved half of its previous votes. This trend continued in the 2005 elections. The Greens again gained 10.7% and achieved the Greens' best result in an Austrian district. While the SPÖ lost a little and the ÖVP stagnated, there were massive losses for the FPÖ and the LIF, which also flew out of the district council. In the 2010 elections, the Greens - contrary to the overall Viennese trend - were able to further extend their lead. In contrast to most districts , the LIF stagnated at 1.1% in new buildings, while the BZÖ improved by 0.3% to 1.1% compared to 2005.

In September 2017, Thomas Blimlinger announced his resignation as district head of Neubau. Markus Reiter became his successor ; the official handover took place during a district representative meeting on November 30, 2017.

District council elections 1991–2015
year SPÖ ÖVP FPÖ Green LIF / NEOS BZÖ Others
1991 32.20 28.50 17.10 20.10 - - 2.10
1996 27.20 21.40 19.70 18.80 10.20 - 2.80
2001 29.40 17.90 14.40 32.60 4.70 - 1.00
2005 27.50 18.10 7.30 43.30 1.20 0.80 1.90
2010 25.40 13.90 10.70 45.40 1.10 1.10 2.50
2015 24.70 10.20 13.50 41.00 8.10 - 2.50

The 7th district was the first district of Vienna in 2001 and until 2004 (2004 European elections ) the only district in Austria in which the Greens achieved a relative majority in elections.

coat of arms

District coat of arms new building

The district coat of arms of Neubau consists of five parts, which stand for the five districts:

  • The heart sign in the middle symbolizes the Neubau district . It shows a lying moon and a gold cross. Presumably the coat of arms symbolizes the victory of the Christians over the Ottomans besieging Vienna .
  • In the left (heraldic: right), upper part of the coat of arms, the coat of arms of Altlerchenfeld is shown. The red ground is divided by a silver cross, in the four fields there are four golden larks. In addition to the trees, the larks represent one possibility for the origin of the name.
  • To the right of it (heraldic: top left) is the coat of arms of the Ortisei district . It shows Saint Ulrich of Augsburg , the patron saint of the settlement, on a blue background with a green meadow. He wears episcopal clothing and insignia. He is holding a silver fish in his left hand. This symbolizes a legend in which it is said that Ulrich gave a messenger a piece of roast goose that turned into a fish.
  • The left (heraldic: right), lower part of the coat of arms represents the district part of Schottenfeld . It shows a Scots priest ( Benedictine ) in front of a silver background, who wanders in a meadow, and thus symbolizes the area's earlier affiliation to the Schottenstift .
  • The right (heraldic: left), lower part of the coat of arms symbolizes the Spittelberg district as a speaking coat of arms ("Spitalsberg"). A mountain of rocks with a blue orb is depicted on a red background , above which the Holy Spirit hovers in the form of a silver dove. Parts of the coat of arms are taken from the seal of the citizen hospital. (The Holy Spirit was missing from a picture from 1734; the imperial orb was floating on the top of the Spitlberg .)

The coats of arms of the districts Neubau, St. Ulrich and Spittelberg were published in 1734 in the work Lustra decem coronae Viennensis, seu suburbia Viennensia, published by Francisco (Franz) Dolfin (1697–1775) with Johann Peter van Ghelen in Vienna in a bird's eye view of these Viennese suburbs pictured. No information is available about the actual age of the coats of arms of the districts.

Culture and sights

Popular theater
MuseumsQuartier
House facade in Burggasse 98 designed by a graffiti artist collective in 2014

Attractions

Arts and Culture

Well-known theaters in the district are the Volkstheater and the Renaissance theater . The eastern third of the municipality is part of the World Heritage Site of the Historic Center of Vienna . Its outer zone is delimited by the street from Kellermanngasse and Kirchengasse. The core zone includes the MuseumsQuartier and the Volkstheater.

Museums

With the establishment of the MuseumsQuartier on the edge of the district area, Neubau has developed into one of the most important museum locations in Vienna. The most important museums on the site are the Leopold Museum and the MUMOK (Museum of Modern Art). The Leopold Museum has the world's largest Egon Schiele collection and also exhibits works by Gustav Klimt , Oskar Kokoschka and Albin Egger-Lienz, among others . The MUMOK contains a collection of around 9,000 works from the first half of the 20th century (paintings, sculptures, installations, drawings, etc.). Also in the Museum Quarter is the ZOOM Children's Museum , the Architekturzentrum Wien and the Kunsthalle Wien , which shows international, contemporary art. The Imperial Furniture Collection in Andreasgasse is one of the largest furniture museums in the world. It has around 160,000 objects with a focus on the Habsburg monarchy. Other museums in the new building are the Westlicht Museum - a scene for photography , the Otto Wagner apartment in Döblergasse, the Museum of the Mechitharist Congregation with Armenian art, the Museum of Gold and Silversmiths and the District Museum in Neubau .

Parks

The largest park in the densely built-up 7th district is Weghuberpark , which is around one hectare in size . It is located in the far northeast of the district in front of the Palais Trautson. The second largest park is Josef-Strauss-Park in the northwest, which is largely surrounded by residential buildings. Most of the parks on the new building were created in vacant lots . These include the Andreaspark, in which there is a large children's playground, as well as the Dorothea-Neff-Park, the Gutenbergpark, the Karl-Farkas-Park and the Siebensternpark. There is also a park right on the Gürtel - at Urban-Loritz-Platz.

Economy and Infrastructure

traffic

There are stations for three underground lines on the outskirts of the new building. The Volkstheater ( U2 and U3 ) and Museumsquartier ( U2 ) underground stations are on the eastern border of the Inner City . The Neubaugasse and Zieglergasse ( U3 ) stations are on the southern border with Mariahilf, Thaliastraße ( U6 ) on the western border with Ottakring and the Burggasse-Stadthalle ( U6 ) and Westbahnhof (U3, U6) stations in Rudolfsheim-Fünfhaus . The Neubau district area is also crossed by tram lines 5, 46 and 49 and several bus routes.

Public facilities

The office building for the 6th and 7th district is located in the 7th district on Hermanngasse. (District leadership and representation of the 6th district, however, officiate in their own district.) The most important public institutions in the 7th district include the Museumsquartier (see above), the Volkstheater, the main library in Vienna on the Neubaugürtel, the Renaissance theater (Neubaugasse) and the furniture museum Vienna ( Imperial Furniture Collection ). The Social Medical Center Sophienspital comprises a hospital, a Ludwig Boltzmann Institute , a geriatric center and the Geriatric Day Center of the City of Vienna " Ingrid Leodolter ". The 4th Vienna Central Vocational School Zieglergasse should also be mentioned. Higher schools are the Kandlgasse grammar school and the Vienna music grammar school in Neustiftgasse as well as the Kenyongasse private grammar school .

safety

There are three police stations of the Federal Police on the new building : in Kandlgasse 4, in Stiftgasse 2a and on Urban-Loritz-Platz 7. Organizationally, they belong to the Josefstadt City Police Command, which is responsible for districts 7 to 9, Neubau, Josefstadt and Alsergrund , is responsible and is subordinate to the Vienna State Police Directorate.

Personalities

See also

literature

  • Leo Baumfeld, Gerti Brindlmayer, Martin Heintel : Participation in Vienna7. In: Quarterly magazine for urban history, urban sociology, monument preservation and urban development, 43rd year, issue 3, pp. 295–305. Stuttgart 2016: Forum Stadt Verlag.
  • Elfriede Faber: New building: history of the 7th district of Vienna and its old places . Edition Wien, Vienna 1995, ISBN 3-85058-065-2 .
  • Martin Heintel , Gerhard Strohmeier, Günter Dastl, Stefanie Figl, Christine Gamper and Evelyn Klein: Usage claims and usage conflicts in public space using the example of “Neubaugasse” in Vienna . In: Die Alte Stadt, Volume 32, Issue 3, pp. 227–245. Stuttgart 2005: Franz Steiner Verlag.
  • Manfred Lang: A new new building: history of social democracy in the new building . Publishing house of the SPÖ Vienna, Vienna 1989, DNB 911229744 .
  • Carola Leitner (Ed.): New building: Vienna's 7th district in old photographs . Ueberreuter, Vienna 2007, ISBN 978-3-8000-7306-1 .
  • Wolfgang Mayer: Viennese district culture guide: VII. New building . Jugend und Volk, Vienna 1983, ISBN 3-224-16242-2 .
  • Hans Rotter: New building: a home book of the 7th district of Vienna (= teachers library , volume 48). German publishing house for youth and people, Vienna 1925, DNB 362195579 .
  • Rudolf Schwarz, Irmi Novak (ed.): To the Schnepfenstrich on Spittelberg . Enlightenment of a special kind (= city ​​walks , volume 2), TextFactory, Vienna 1998, ISBN 3-901892-02-8 (On the history of Viennese prostitution).

Web links

Commons : New building  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. Statistics Austria - Population at the beginning of 2002–2020 by municipalities (area status 01/01/2020)
  2. District council elections 2015
  3. Faber: New building p. 12
  4. a b Municipal Department 5 (MA5): Types of use by district ( Memento from March 5, 2009 in the Internet Archive )
  5. Section 1, § 2, RGBl. No. 170/1849 (= p. 203 ff.)
  6. LGBl. For Lower Austria. No. 33/1849 (= p. 48)
  7. LGBl. For Lower Austria. No. 21/1850 (= p. 94 f.)
  8. ^ Latest plan of Vienna. Alfred Hölder, kuk court and university bookseller, cartographic institute of G. Freytag & Berndt, Vienna (around 1900)
  9. Art. VII § 2 Paragraph 2 lit. b Law of December 28, 1904, State Law and Ordinance Gazette for the Archduchy of Austria under the Enns, Vienna, No. 1/1905
  10. Art. VII § 2 Paragraph 2 lit. b Law of December 28, 1904, State Law and Ordinance Gazette for the Archduchy of Austria under the Enns, Vienna, No. 104/1905
  11. Law on changing the boundaries between the 7th, 15th and 16th district (LGBl. For Vienna 15/1995), issued on March 20, 1995
  12. ^ Law on changing the boundaries between the 6th, 7th and 15th district (LGBl. For Vienna 49/1996), issued on September 25, 1996
  13. cf. Reports and advertisements in Austrian film magazines of the 1920s (namely: Der Filmbote , Das Kino-Journal and Die Filmwelt )
  14. Census of May 15, 2001. Final resident population and number of citizens (with population development since 1869). District of Vienna: Vienna 7th, new building , on Statistics.at (PDF, 12 kB).
  15. a b Statistics Austria (2001 census) [1] (PDF; 10 kB) [2] (PDF; 11 kB)
  16. Statistical Yearbook City of Vienna 2013 ( Memento from August 13, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
  17. Population by age group Vienna 2013
  18. Foreign citizenship 2016 Statistics Austria ( Memento of the original from October 6, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.statistik.at
  19. Foreign origin 2014 Statistics Austria ( memento of the original from October 6, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.statistik.at
  20. a b Thomas Blimlinger announces farewell to district politics . OTS announcement of September 27, 2017, accessed on September 28, 2017.
  21. ORF announcement of November 30, 2017
  22. ^ City of Vienna - Viennese municipal and district council elections
  23. Modern sgraffito in the Bobo district. In: derStandard.at. August 11, 2014, accessed December 3, 2017 .
  24. ^ Parks and gardens in new buildings . Website of the City of Vienna, accessed on July 14, 2011.