Schlossberg Castle (Seefeld in Tirol)

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Schlossberg Castle
Schlossberg Castle around 1700

Schlossberg Castle around 1700

Creation time : before 1248
Castle type : Hilltop castle
Conservation status: Burgstall
Standing position : Count
Place: Seefeld in Tyrol
Geographical location 47 ° 20 '36.3 "  N , 11 ° 12' 8.5"  E Coordinates: 47 ° 20 '36.3 "  N , 11 ° 12' 8.5"  E
Schlossberg Castle (Tyrol)
Schlossberg Castle

The Castle Mountain is an Outbound toll castle in the town of Seefeld in Tyrol in District Innsbruck-Land of Tyrol .

History of the castle

After the death of the last Andechs Otto II and his successor Count Albert III, who died without a male heir . von Tirol fell at the next division of the estate in 1263 between Count Meinhard I. von Görz and Count Gebhard VI. from Hirschberg to the latter, the areas north of the Inn, including the castrum Slozperch . Since this castle was said to be owned by the Andechs, it can be assumed that it was built before 1248. Already in 1281 (and thus before the official transfer of the Hirschberg possessions to Count Meinhard II , son of Meinhard I), Görz-Tyrolean ministerials appear here . Albert and Rüdiger, sons of Eberlin von Schlossberg and grandsons of Konrad von Schlossberg, are entrusted with the hereditary castle hat . This family was one of the lords of Eben bei Inzing. The family died with Rüdiger von Eben, but also called themselves after the loss of the castle hat from Schlossberg. Towards the end of the 13th century, the castle was expanded, as evidenced by various calculations. In 1284 it was passed from the Counts of Eschenlohe to the Counts of Tyrol and formed the border fortifications to the County of Werdenfels .

The church division also followed this boundary: Scharnitz belonged to the diocese of Freising , Seefeld and Oberleutasch to the diocese of Brixen . Nevertheless, the county of Werdenfels tried, citing the diocese borders from 1060 and later, one-sided border descriptions, to maintain territorial claims up to the outskirts of Seefeld. The goal of Tyrol, on the other hand, was to move the border to the strategically important Scharnitz Pass .

1314 is the holder of the Burghut Hildebrand Perchtinger from Sistrans called. From this the castle hat passed in 1317 to Johannes von Liebenberg, then in 1319/20 to Heinrich Perchtinger. In 1346 Heinrich Stöckel is named as the owner of the castle hat. At the outbreak of the War of the Tyrolean Succession, which began in 1335, the castle was additionally fortified as an important border fortress and the costs for it were collected by a tax nova . Despite these precautions, the castle was conquered by Bavarian troops in 1365 and 1368, but could be recaptured a little later by a Tyrolean contingent led by Petermann von Schenna , burgrave of Tyrol . In the Schärdinger Peace of 1369, the castle was returned to the dukes Albrecht and Leopold of Austria, who were still ruling together at the time .

1376 Gebhard von Weer is mentioned here as a carer . 1384-1393 followed Oswald Milser, who became known through the legend of the Seefeld Host Miracle . The popular name Milser Schlössl for the castle also results from this time . In 1421 Hans Ramung is known to be the caretaker, then Hans Erber (1426), Burghard von Windeck (1435) and Mathias Gelter (1444) work as carers at the castle. In 1455 Duke Sigismund pledged Schloßberg to his nephew Ulrich, Count von Cilli . However, this does not seem to have been long since the prince's keeper Burghard von Hausen worked here as early as 1460, and he expanded the castle on behalf of Sigismund. After Burghard's death, around 1478/80 Pankraz Hahn von Hahnberg, then Paul Stickl (before 1481), Simon Pfab (1486/87) and Wolfgang von Windeck worked as carers. Due to an earthquake in 1492, the castle was badly damaged, which the keeper Ulrich Hammerspach († 1496) complained about.

On October 20, 1500, Siegmund's successor Maximilian I and Prince-Bishop Philipp von Freising ratified the treaty concluded the previous year, which moved the Tyrolean border to the north to within one kilometer of Scharnitz.

Under Hammerspach's successor, Hans von Zwingenburg, the fountain pipes were renewed and structural damage repaired in 1510/12. But the next carers, Nikolaus Mathias and Peter von Rada, complain about serious shortcomings again. In 1547 the castle hat was taken over by Christian Schwärzel, the first construction work started under him was continued after an interruption by his successor in 1560 Alexander Gabelowitsch called Sandri. During the invasion of the Elector Moritz von Sachsen in Tirol, the castle was in a good state of defense. The castle was not taken, but its own people of war devastated a lot here. As late as 1560, Martin Fuchs was appointed as the new caretaker, who again made a number of petitions to the princely chamber because of the construction defects. These end under the next caretaker, Johann Gwarientis (since 1569), as Archduke Ferdinand of Tyrol overwrites the castle in 1586 with all the possessions of the parish of Seefeld. The parish was incorporated into the Augustinian hermit monastery in Seefeld in 1604 and only one guard lived at the castle.

After Tyrol received permission from the Hochstift Freising in 1632 to build a fortification in the valley of Scharnitz , the later Porta Claudia , the Schlossberg castle lost its importance and fell into disrepair. In 1728 it is described as completely ruined and uninhabited . Around 1800 there were still some outer walls, of which only a small remnant was left in 1846, probably because the surrounding farmers had removed the stones for their dwellings. In 1911/12 the rest of the castle was demolished and used for the construction of the Mittenwald Railway.

Schlossberg Castle with hermitage from 1590

Schlossberg Castle today

The former castle was located on a fall-back knoll north of Seefeld, projecting towards the Drahnbach, at the foot of the Hochegg ( Lage ). There the road ran through the Scharenz , which from time immemorial represented the connection between Mittenwald and the Inn Valley . In 1974, in the northern apron of the Schlossberg, the slope of this road was eased and the castle hill was completely excavated. During an emergency excavation carried out at that time, the size of the core castle from the 13th century was found to be 19.3 × 21.6 m, the outer walls were 1.25 m thick. This was divided into three longitudinal rooms by two partition walls. In the middle of the facility was a small courtyard (7 × 5 m). The entrance gate was on the south side and was protected by a ditch, over which the Schloßpruggen led in 1549 . Five-sided bay windows were attached to the corners (fortified floor). The main building was surrounded by a medieval kennel (1.2 to 3.6 m thick walls), the southwest corner of which was secured with a roundabout . A Klausen wall ( road barrier ) went from the east side of the castle to the street below and from there back to the opposite slope, where it ended on the rock.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Grafschaft Werdenfels - Scope and boundaries of the county: The Tyrolean border p. 15, in: Altbayern Row I, Issue 9: Grafschaft Werdenfels, Komm. Für Bayerische Landesgeschichte, Munich 1955.
  2. ^ A b Daniel-Erasmus Khan: The German state borders - legal-historical foundations and open legal questions. Mohr Siebeck 2004, p. 211 f. ISBN 978-3-16-148403-2 Preview on Google Books

literature

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