Scharnitz Pass
| Scharnitzpass / Scharnitzer Klause ( valley pass ) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|
 Talenge at the Scharnitz Pass |
|||
| Compass direction | north | south | |
| height | 955 m | ||
| state | Bavaria , Germany | Tyrol , Austria | |
| Waters | Isar | ||
| Valley locations | Mittenwald | Scharnitz | |
| expansion |
 
|
 
|
|
| Mountains | Alps | ||
| profile | |||
| Ø pitch | % (32 m /? Km) | % (-9 m /? Km) | |
| Map (Bavaria) | |||
|
|||
| Coordinates | 47 ° 23 '52 " N , 11 ° 16' 2" E | ||
The scharnitz pass , even Scharnitzer Klause called, is an approximately 955 m high altitude constriction (hermitage) of the upper Isar valley in the Northern Limestone Alps on the border between Germany and Austria between Bavaria and Tirol . It takes its name from the town of Scharnitz, which lies directly south of the Enge .
Geographical location
The Scharnitz Pass lies east of the Wetterstein Mountains and west of the Karwendel . It is located in the upper valley of the Isar between Mittenwald ( 923 m ; Bavaria) in the north and Scharnitz ( 964 m ; Tyrol) in the south. The valley floor of the Isar narrows by the eastern flank of the Arntalköpfle ( 1529 m ), the foothills of the Arnspitz group , from about 900 to less than 300 m wide. The Rotwandlspitze ( 2191 m above sea level ) rises to the east of the valley pass with the Brunnensteinspitze ( 2180 m above sea level ) in front to the southwest .
traffic
Street
At the Scharnitz Pass, the German federal highway 2 ( B 2 ), which comes from the north of Mittenwald, and the Austrian Seefelder Straße ( B 177 ), which continues through Scharnitz and Seefeld (Tyrol) over the Seefelder Sattel , merge. Both roads are part of the European route 533 ( E 533 ).
railroad
The Mittenwald and Karwendel Railway has been running through the Scharnitz Pass since 1912, running from Innsbruck via the Seefelder Sattel to Garmisch-Partenkirchen .
Protected areas
To the northwest lies the German nature reserve Riedboden (NSG no. 00157.01 ; 1.46 km²), which is directly connected to the NSG Arnspitze ( 00158.01 ; 2.22 km²). The landscape protection area Wetterstein area including mountain pine belt near Mittenwald (LSG-Nr. 391021; 86.33 km²) borders on the two NSG to the north. On the east side - on the other side of the Isar, road and railway line - are the nature reserve Karwendel and Karwendel foothills on the German side ( 00171.01 ; 193.45 km²) and on the Austrian side directly afterwards the Eppzirl quiet area in the Natura 2000 area Alpenpark Karwendel .
Avalanche risk
The Scharnitz Pass is at risk of avalanches from the Marchklamm on the western flank of the Brunnensteinspitze, which lies on the national border . If there is enough snow, the federal road and railway line will be closed, a detour is possible via Seefeld and the narrowly cut valley of the Leutascher Ache to Mittenwald. Because of the Riedboden nature reserve , there are severe restrictions on structural avalanche protection ; a road tunnel directly through the Arntalköpfle with an exit on the German side west of the Isar was therefore not possible. After years of negotiations about various alternatives and cost sharing, an avalanche gallery is now to be built on the German side for 8.5 million euros, the tunnel that is in operation for the Scharnitz bypass still ends in the avalanche line on the Austrian side.
history
Under the Roman Emperor Septimius Severus (193–211), the old mule track from the Inn Valley via the Seefelder Sattel to Mittenwald was paved as a Roman road , which led as Via Raetia via Partenkirchen , Oberau and Murnau to Augsburg . In the Roman road map “ Tabula Peutingeriana ” Scarbia ( Scharnitz ) and Partanum (Partenkirchen) are shown as rest and guard stations. Since the Middle Ages, this road has been an important trade route from Venice to Augsburg / Nuremberg ( Via Imperii ).
At that time the Scharnitz Pass belonged to the County of Werdenfels , the border to the County of Tyrol was at Schlossberg Castle north of Seefeld. The long-term goal of Tyrol was to move the state border to the strategically important Scharnitz Pass. The Tyroleans achieved partial success when, on October 20, 1500, Emperor Maximilian I and Prince-Bishop Philipp von Freising ratified a treaty that had been concluded the year before, which moved the Tyrolean border to a kilometer south of Scharnitz.
In 1633, Tyrol was given the right to build the Porta Claudia dam on the Scharnitz Pass in the Werdenfels area to protect it from the advancing Swedes in the Thirty Years' War . By contract of October 29, 1656, Scharnitz and the area around the Porta Claudia were exchanged for an area strip around the Kienleithenkopf with the Karolingerhof and right of way into the Hinterautal. With the contract of May 28, 1766, the affiliation of Scharnitz and Porta Claudia to Tyrol was confirmed, as well as for an area strip "on a musket shot at all fortification works at that time against Mittenwald".
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d Map services of the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation ( information )
- ↑ Nature conservation in the Innsbruck Land district on the website of the state of Tyrol.
- ↑ Envious look at neighbors: Tunnel around Scharnitz decided , reprint of the article from the Garmisch-Partenkichner Tagblatt of September 29, 2011 with a map of the avalanche line (PDF, 161 kB)
- ↑ Avalanche protection at the Marchklamm: Back to the gallery , merkur-online.de of November 3, 2010, accessed on December 6, 2011
- ↑ Local bypass and avalanche protection: compact solution not possible , merkur-online.de of October 6, 2011, accessed on December 6, 2011
- ↑ Scharnitz bypass officially opened on ORF-Tirol on November 10, 2018, accessed on November 10, 2018
- ↑ Tunnel stop for bypass Scharnitz , orf.at of August 11, 2016, accessed on December 26, 2016.
- ↑ Grafschaft Werdenfels - Scope and boundaries of the county: The Tyrolean border p. 15, in: Altbayern Series I, Issue 9: Grafschaft Werdenfels, Komm. Für Bayerische Landesgeschichte, Munich 1955.
- ^ Daniel-Erasmus Khan: The German State Borders - Legal-Historical Basics and Open Legal Issues. Mohr Siebeck 2004, p. 211 f. ISBN 978-3-16-148403-2 Preview on Google Books
- ↑ Grafschaft Werdenfels - Scope and boundaries of the county: The Tyrolean border p. 16, in: Altbayern series I issue 9: Grafschaft Werdenfels, Komm. Für Bayerische Landesgeschichte, Munich 1955.