Landsee castle ruins
| Landsee castle ruins | ||
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 Landsee castle ruins - view to the east of the Little Hungarian Plain |
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| Creation time : | 1158 | |
| Castle type : | Hilltop castle | |
| Conservation status: | ruin | |
| Standing position : | Ministeriale | |
| Place: | Landsee | |
| Geographical location | 47 ° 33 '46.6 " N , 16 ° 20' 59.6" E | |
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The Landsee castle ruins are located in central Burgenland east of the town of Landsee in the municipality of Markt Sankt Martin in the Oberpullendorf district . It is one of the largest castle ruins in Central Europe.
location
The castle ruins are a popular destination in the middle of the Landseer Berge nature reserve . It lies on a rock spur on a ridge between Heidriegel (there are remains of a refuge castle) and the Pauliberg .
history
The name has nothing to do with a lake / body of water. The castle was in Hungary until the end of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy , its name is derived from the Hungarian name "Lánzsér", a German name originally written as "Landeshere". Whether a Hungarian or a German version was the first designation of the complex cannot be proven, nor whether the castle determined the name of the owner or the name (of the family) of the owner influenced that of the castle. Lánzsér is also translated as "lance-bearer". The word "hehr ..." is an old German word and stands for outstanding, highly regarded, proud, of high rank and the like, the word "hehre" was used for "proud beauty" . This name describes the complex as a castle complex that was highly regarded at the time ( Landskron has a similar name ).
The name "Landeshere" was first mentioned in 1158, the castle in 1263. It was only a few hundred meters east of the border between the Austrian territories of the Holy Roman Empire and the Kingdom of Hungary . The document book of Styria mentions an Erchenger von Landesehre in 1173, whose family also owned Hohenwang Castle near Langenwang . His name is also mentioned in the rhyming chronicle of Ottokar von Horneck . These persons are seen as officials ( ministerials ) of the Counts of Pitten , who at that time belonged to Styria and as a branch line of the Stubenberger in Eastern Styria . Before 1222 the castle belonged to Hungary. In the 13th century it belonged to Lorenz Athinai, the count of what was then Ödenburg (Sopron) . In 1289 the castle was conquered by Duke Albrecht of Austria during his campaign against the Counts of Güssing in the course of the Güssing feud . After several changes of ownership, the castle passed to the baron, later Count Nikolaus Esterházy, in 1612 .
On July 12, 1707 between 10 a.m. and 11 a.m., the first fire broke out, causing severe damage to the Kobersdorf side (northeast side) of the castle, where the owner's apartments were located. After that the castle was repaired again, but began to fall into disrepair, the demolition of some parts had already been proposed. On June 2, 1790, the castle again burned devastatingly. Its owner, Prince Nikolaus I. Esterházy , called "the splendor lover", died on September 28, 1790 in Vienna. His successor, Prince Anton , was forced to take severe austerity measures because of the lavish lifestyle of his predecessor, who had left him 3.8 million guilders in debt. The complex (then called the castle, see the historical map) was no longer built and (as a result in favor of Forchtenstein Castle or the then Lackenbach lordship) was abandoned. In 1802 the facility was described as "ruinous". It then served as a quarry for the buildings in the area.
The castle ruins have been secured and made accessible to the general public since 1968.
investment
The complex is approximately 300 × 200 m in size and, even as a ruin, still clearly shows that the castle consisted of four fortification rings, the first of which were separated by two moats. The outermost wall ring, which has been poorly preserved, is the youngest. The year 1668 is on the first, simply built gate. The second, already heavily fortified gate is reached by a wooden bridge over the first ditch. Behind it, the main entrance path leads over another wooden bridge over the second ditch to the third gate. Behind this gate is the large outer courtyard. From there, the fourth gate leads south into a narrow inner courtyard, the fifth (collapsed) gate leads to another courtyard, to which the residential wings, which have fallen to the ground, connect to the east. From there, a staircase through the sixth gate leads to the central building, where the location of the kitchen can still be seen. Similar to Forchtenstein, the strongest fortifications (thickest walls of the keep) are directed towards the west, i.e. towards Austria, while the residential wings are in the east, secured by steep slopes. The walls of the residential tower ( donjon ) are up to ten meters thick. Several towers are attached to it, one of which was the chapel. In it, a new staircase leads to the former roof area of the Donjon (with a stand-alone, brick arch), from which a wide view of the Sopron area , the southern part of Lake Neusiedl and the Bucklige Welt is possible.
The first chapel of the castle was dedicated to St. Ursula and was located in the chapel tower, which belongs to the central part of the existing ruin. This tower was built between 1460 and 1485. The castle also had its own cemetery ("Schlossfriedhof" on the access road to the ruin), in which the first parish church of Landsee was located. This church was dedicated to St. Nicholas and in 1647 it was described as "very old". As part of the expansion of the civic from 1650 to 1679, a baroque chapel was built, which was also dedicated to St. Nicholas.
In the summer months, concerts, theater evenings and other entertainment events take place in the outer courtyard.
On the donjon of Landsee
Landsee ruin from the southwest
Entrance area with first gate, second gate in the background
Central building from the east
Remnants are evidence of rich furnishings.
Donjon and fourth wall, in the foreground the outer courtyard
View to the east, on the right the Heidriegel
Fourth gate between the outer and inner courtyards
First mention of "Landeshere" (third and second from last line), 1158
The location of the place, monastery and castle (today's ruins) Landsee across the border of Austria, in Hungary, around 1780 ( Josephinische Landesaufnahme )
The ruin is secured and well explained.
See also
Web links
- Chronicle of the castle ruins
- Entry via Landsee to Burgen-Austria
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Adelheid Schmeller-Kitt: Dehio manual. The art monuments of Austria. Burgenland. Edited by the Institute for Austrian Art Research of the Federal Monuments Office. 2nd Edition. Anton Schroll, Vienna 1980, ISBN 3-7031-0493-7 , pages 166–167.
- ↑ Irmtraut Lindeck-Pozza, Hans Wagner (editor): Document book of Burgenland and the adjacent areas of the counties Wieselburg, Ödenburg and Eisenburg . Publications of the Institute for Austrian Historical Research. No. 7. 1st volume. Documents 808–1270. Böhlau, Graz / Cologne 1955, page 23.
- ↑ dear . In: Jakob and Wilhelm Grimm : German dictionary . Volume 10 H-Juzen. Leipzig 1877, column 789, line 7 and Hehre , column 791, line 57. Reprint from Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag. Munich 1991, ISBN 3-423-05945-1 . dtv 5945. Structure quoted from: The digital Grimm - Electronic edition of the first processing . Version 12/04. Two thousand and one, Frankfurt am Main, ISBN 3-86150-628-9 . Competence center for electronic cataloging and publication processes in the humanities at the University of Trier in conjunction with the Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences.
- ^ Joseph von Zahn (editor): Document book of the Duchy of Styria. 798-1192. Edited by the historical associations for Styria. Volume 1 with supplement to volumes I to III. Graz 1875 and 1949.
- ↑ Entry about Hohenwang on Burgen-Austria
- ↑ Ottocarus Horneck: Steirische Reimchronik. Monumenta germaniae historica. German Chronicles, 5.1.2. Hanover 1890-1893.
- ↑ Erich Schunerits (editor): Churches, chapels and wayside shrines in the parish of Landsee. In: Festschrift 850 years Landsee . Published by the parish of St. Martin, 2008, page 12.