Buto (Ancient Egypt)
| Buto in hieroglyphics | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Old empire |
Ḏbˁwt Djebout |
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| Old empire |
Dp Dep |
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| Old empire |
P Pe |
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| New kingdom |
Per-Wadjet Pr-W3ḏjt House of Uto |
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| Greek | Buto | ||||||||
Buto ( ancient Egyptian Djebout ) is the Greek name for an ancient Egyptian region of the sixth Lower Egyptian Gau Chasu (Bergstiergau), which is under the modern name Tell el-Fara'in in the Nile Delta .
The region appears in Egyptian sources first as Djebout , then as Pe and Dep . So it is basically a double city that has been called Per-Wadjet ( the house of the Uto ) since the Ramesside period . In the immediate vicinity was the mythological place Chemmis ( Ach-bit ), the floating island near Buto.
meaning
Buto as the twin city of Pe and Dep was the “crown city” of the lower Egyptian counterpart to the upper Egyptian twin city of Necheb and Hierakonpolis . Both twin cities housed a crown goddess and an appearance of Horus ; in Hierakonpolis corresponding to Horus of Hierakonpolis as well as Nechbet in Necheb; in Butom Horus of Buto and Wadjet (also called Uto).
Pe often appears in religious texts. The late kings were referred to as the Bas of Buto . Since the Middle Kingdom , the representation of the Butean burial has appeared in graves , which was assumed to be the tombs of lower Egyptian, pre-dynastic rulers who had their residence in Buto and were also buried here.
The architectural design of Butisch was derived from the crown shrine there and the ruler's graves .
The city was important until Ptolemaic times. During excavations, 6 Greek bathhouses were uncovered over the years.
exploration
Excavations by the German Archaeological Institute in Cairo found settlement remains that date back to at least 4000 BC. Backdate. Here nails were found that once adorned buildings and are otherwise only known from the Near East . After this site, the prehistoric Maadi culture was renamed the Buto Maadi culture . A large palace-like building dates from the 2nd dynasty . The temple of the Wadjet is very destroyed, but has also been the target of excavations several times .
See also
literature
- Hartwig Altenmüller : Buto . In: Wolfgang Helck , Eberhard Otto (Hrsg.): Lexikon der Ägyptologie . Volume 1: A harvest. Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden 1975, ISBN 3-447-01670-1 , column 887-889.
- Hans Bonnet : Buto 1. In: Lexicon of the Egyptian religious history . 3rd unchanged edition. Nikol, Hamburg 2000, ISBN 3-937872-08-6 , p. 129 f.
- Farouk Gomaà: Lower Egypt and the adjacent areas (= The settlement of Egypt during the Middle Kingdom. Vol. 2; Tübingen Atlas of the Middle East. Supplements, Series B, 66, 2). Reichert, Wiesbaden 1987, ISBN 3-88226-280-X , pp. 103-109.
- Thomas von der Way : Buto (Tell el-Fara'in). In: Kathryn A. Bard (Ed.): Encyclopedia of the Archeology of Ancient Egypt. Routledge, London 1999, ISBN 0-415-18589-0 , pp. 180-184.
Web links
- Website of the German Archaeological Institute in Buto ( Memento from February 20, 2010 in the Internet Archive )
- Buto on Tour Egypt
- Archaeological finds (photos)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Detlef Franke: Anch-Userkaf and the Nile Delta . In: Nicole Kloth: It will be put down as a document: Festschrift for Hartwig Altenmüller on his 65th birthday . Buske, Hamburg 2003, ISBN 3-87548-341-3 , p. 123.
- ^ Hossam Mohamed Ghonim: Bathing like a Greek , in: Egyptian Archeology , 56, Spring 2020, 16-20
Coordinates: 31 ° 12 ' N , 30 ° 45' E