Cesium nitrate

Structural formula
General
Surname	Cesium nitrate
Molecular formula	CsNO 3
Brief description	white crystalline powder
External identifiers / databases
EC number	232-146-8
ECHA InfoCard	100.029.224
PubChem	62674
Wikidata	Q371940
properties
Molar mass	194.91 g mol −1
Physical state	firmly
density	3.7 g cm −3
Melting point	414 ° C
solubility	279 g / l at 25 ° C
safety instructions
H and P phrases	H: 271-302-361
	P: 210-305 + 351 + 338-280-310
Toxicological data	2390 mg kg −3 ( LD 50 , rat , oral )
	As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions .

Cesium nitrate is a chemical compound from the group of nitrates .

Extraction and presentation

Cesium nitrate can be obtained by reacting cesium carbonate with nitric acid.

{\ displaystyle \ mathrm {Cs_ {2} CO_ {3} +2 \ HNO_ {3} \ longrightarrow 2 \ CsNO_ {3} +2 \ CO_ {2} \ uparrow + \ H_ {2} O}}

properties

Cesium nitrate

Like other alkali metal nitrates, cesium nitrate decomposes when heated and forms cesium nitrite :

{\ displaystyle \ mathrm {2 \ CsNO_ {3} \ rightarrow 2 \ CsNO_ {2} + O_ {2}}}

In addition to cesium nitrate, cesium also forms two unusual nitrates, the structure of which can be described as CsNO ₃ · HNO ₃ and CsNO ₃ · 2HNO ₃ (melting temperature 100 ° C and 36–38 ° C).

Cesium nitrate has a trigonal crystal structure with the space group P 3 ₁ (space group no. 144) (phase II). However, other crystal structures are known at higher temperatures and pressures. In addition, another monoclinic crystal structure with the space group P 2 ₁ / c (space group no. 14) is known at low temperatures. Template: room group / 144 Template: room group / 14

use

Cesium is used in military large scale pyrotechnics used, in NIR - flares and Infrarottarnnebeln . While the use in NIR lights is based on the element's intense emission lines at 852, 1359 and 1469 nm, use in camouflage nebulae is based on the element's easy ionizability . The cesium ions formed in the flame when the pyrotechnic active compounds burn off act as condensation nuclei and therefore increase the aerosol yield that is important for radiation absorption .

It is also used to make cesium nitrate cuprate .

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d data sheet cesium nitrate (PDF; 26 kB) from Cabot.
↑ David R. Lide (Ed.): CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics . 90th edition. (Internet version: 2010), CRC Press / Taylor and Francis, Boca Raton, FL, Physical Constants of Inorganic Compounds, pp. 4-57.
↑ ^a ^b Entry on cesium nitrate in the GESTIS substance database of the IFA , accessed on January 10, 2017(JavaScript required) .
↑ Cesium . In: Encyclopædia Britannica . 11th edition. tape 4 : Bishārīn - Calgary . London 1910, p. 944 (English, full text [ Wikisource ]).
↑ Robert C. Weast (ed.): CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics . 62nd ed. CRC Press, Boca Raton FL 1981, ISBN 0-8493-0462-8 , pp. B-92
^ Dean, C. & Hambley, T. & Snow, Mike. (1984). Structures of phase IV rubidium nitrate, RbNO3, and phase II cesium nitrate, CsNO3. Acta Crystallographica Section C-crystal Structure Communications - ACTA CRYSTALLOGR C-CRYST STR. 40, 1512-1515. doi : 10.1107 / S0108270184008556 .
↑ BW Lucas: The structure (neutron) of phase II cesium nitrate at 298 K, CsNO3 . In: Acta Crystallographica Section C: Crystal Structure Communications . tape 39 , no. 12 , 1983, ISSN 0108-2701 , pp. 1591-1594 , doi : 10.1107 / S0108270183009385 ( iucr.org ).
↑ Somov, Nikolay & Chausov, F. & Lomova, N .. (2018). Monoclinic Low-Temperature Polymorph of Cesium Nitrate. Russian Journal of Inorganic Chemistry. 63. 1421-1424. doi : 10.1134 / S0036023618110207 .
↑ E.-C. Koch: Special Materials in Pyrotechnics . Part II: Application of Cesium and Rubidium Compounds in Pyrotechnics . In: J. Pyrotech. , 2002, 15, pp. 9-24. doi : 10.1002 / prep.200400032 .
↑ CW Lohkamp: USP 3 733 223, The United States as represented by the Secretary of the Navy, USA, (1973)
↑ M. Weber DE 32 38 444, Pyrotechnische Fabrik F. Feistel GmbH & Co. KG, Göllheim, Germany, (1982)
↑ Data sheet cesium nitrate from Sigma-Aldrich , accessed on March 15, 2011 ( PDF ).

[cabot-1] ta sheet cesium nitrate (PDF; 26 kB) from Cabot.

[CRC90_5_19-2] David R. Lide (Ed.): CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics . 90th edition. (Internet version: 2010), CRC Press / Taylor and Francis, Boca Raton, FL, Physical Constants of Inorganic Compounds, pp. 4-57.

[GESTIS-3] Entry on cesium nitrate in the GESTIS substance database of the IFA , accessed on January 10, 2017(JavaScript required) .

[4] Cesium . In: Encyclopædia Britannica . 11th edition. tape 4 : Bishārīn - Calgary . London 1910, p. 944 (English, full text [ Wikisource ]).

[CRC-5] Robert C. Weast (ed.): CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics . 62nd ed. CRC Press, Boca Raton FL 1981, ISBN 0-8493-0462-8 , pp. B-92

[6] Dean, C. & Hambley, T. & Snow, Mike. (1984). Structures of phase IV rubidium nitrate, RbNO3, and phase II cesium nitrate, CsNO3. Acta Crystallographica Section C-crystal Structure Communications - ACTA CRYSTALLOGR C-CRYST STR. 40, 1512-1515. doi : 10.1107 / S0108270184008556 .

[7] BW Lucas: The structure (neutron) of phase II cesium nitrate at 298 K, CsNO3 . In: Acta Crystallographica Section C: Crystal Structure Communications . tape 39 , no. 12 , 1983, ISSN 0108-2701 , pp. 1591-1594 , doi : 10.1107 / S0108270183009385 ( iucr.org ).

[8] Somov, Nikolay & Chausov, F. & Lomova, N .. (2018). Monoclinic Low-Temperature Polymorph of Cesium Nitrate. Russian Journal of Inorganic Chemistry. 63. 1421-1424. doi : 10.1134 / S0036023618110207 .

[9] E.-C. Koch: Special Materials in Pyrotechnics . Part II: Application of Cesium and Rubidium Compounds in Pyrotechnics . In: J. Pyrotech. , 2002, 15, pp. 9-24. doi : 10.1002 / prep.200400032 .

[lohkamp-10] CW Lohkamp: USP 3 733 223, The United States as represented by the Secretary of the Navy, USA, (1973)

[weber-11] M. Weber DE 32 38 444, Pyrotechnische Fabrik F. Feistel GmbH & Co. KG, Göllheim, Germany, (1982)

[Sigma-12] Data sheet cesium nitrate from Sigma-Aldrich , accessed on March 15, 2011 ( PDF ).