Cylinder cleaner

Cylinder cleaner
	Carmine cylinder cleaner ( Callistemon citrinus ), inflorescences
Systematics
	Nuclear eudicotyledons
	Rosids
	Eurosiden II
Order :	Myrtle-like (Myrtales)
Family :	Myrtle family (Myrtaceae)
Genre :	Cylinder cleaner
Scientific name
	Callistemon
	R.Br.

The cylinder cleaner ( Callistemon ) are a taxonomically controversial genus within the myrtle family (Myrtaceae). She is from Australia . Few species and their varieties are cultivated as ornamental plants. The common name cylinder cleaner, also "pipe cleaner" or "bottle cleaner", refers to the flowers arranged in cylindrical inflorescences.

description

Illustration of the crimson cylinder cleaner ( Callistemon citrinus ) from The Botanical Magazine , Volume 8, 1794, plate 260

Old fruit clusters on Callistemon sieberi stems that have continued to grow

Vegetative characteristics

In Callistemon TYPES is small evergreen trees or shrubs . Many species have long, slightly drooping branches.

The alternate leaves are lanceolate or linear and always with entire margins. They contain many essential oils and have a slightly aromatic smell when rubbed. The leaves are often positioned so that their narrow side is turned towards the sun.

Generative characteristics

The flowers are in the axils of small, closely spaced bracts . The inflorescence axis continues its development above the inflorescence with a number of normal leaves . After a while, the next inflorescence appears, often while the fruits of the old inflorescence are not yet ripe.

The single flowers have only inconspicuous bracts , but the mostly red and long stamens are conspicuous and are more or less perpendicular from the inflorescence axis. This creates cylindrical inflorescences that resemble a red bottle brush or a cylinder cleaner. The anthers are yellow in many species. The most important and only reliable morphological difference to the genus Melaleuca is: in Callistemon the stamens are single and separated to the ground. In the Melaleuca species, five are grown together at the bottom, or at least they form bundles of five each.

The heavily lignified, hard capsule fruits contain many tiny seeds.

ecology

The nectar-rich flowers are pollinated by birds that cling to the inflorescence axis just below the inflorescence.

The heavily lignified, hard capsule fruits often remain closed for several years and contain many tiny seeds. Only after a bush fire do the capsule fruits open and release the seeds ( pyrophyte ).

Site conditions

Most species grow in places that are rich in water, for example on streams or in places that are regularly flooded.

Distribution area of the genus Callistemon

Systematics and distribution

The scope of the genera Callistemon and Melaleuca L. is a matter of controversy. There are differences of opinion between various Australian botanists about the recognition of an independent genus Callistemon , which continues to this day (as of 2017). While the herbaria in New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia and Western Australia, as well as the Australian Native Plants Society continue to recognize a genus Callistemon , the herbaria in Queensland, Northern Territory, Australian Capital Territory and Tasmania regard Callistemon as a synonym and part of a wide range captured genus Melaleuca . Proponents of inclusion of the genus recognize only one, informal, " Callistemon group" within the genus Melaleuca , whose representatives are nested in a broad genus, so that their recognition would make the genus Melaleuca paraphyletic . As a result of this unsatisfactory situation, a number of species have been listed under two names in the years since 2006 or, after the first description, regrouped in one of them in the other. In the Australian Plant Census (APC), the genus is 2017 Callistemon continues to be recognized.

The cylinder cleaner species originate from Australia , especially from the east and southeast of Australia, where they occur from the tropics to the temperate latitudes. Two species come from southwestern Australia and four from New Caledonia .

Inflorescence of Callistemon montanus

Detail view of the flowers of Callistemon pallidus

Inflorescence of Callistemon pauciflorus

Inflorescence of Callistemon teretifolius

Inflorescence of Callistemon wimmerensis

The genus Callistemon contains (25 to) about 37 species:

Callistemon acuminatus Cheel (Syn .: Melaleuca flammea Craven ): This endemic occurs in New South Wales only in the southwestern plains.
Callistemon brachyandrus Lindl. (Syn .: Melaleuca brachyandra (Lindl.) Craven ): It occurs in southeastern Australia.
Callistemon chisholmii Cheel (Syn .: Melaleuca chisholmii (Cheel) Craven ): This endemic occurs in Queensland only in Mitchell.
Carmine red cylinder cleaner ( Callistemon citrinus (Curtis) Skeels , Syn .: Callistemon lanceolatus (Sm.) Sweet , Metrosideros citrina Curtis , Metrosideros lanceolata Sm. ): It is native to eastern and south-eastern Australia. Their varieties are the most common ornamental plants of the genus.
Callistemon coccineus F. Muell. : This endemic is only found in Darling Downs in Queensland.
Callistemon comboynensis Cheel (Syn .: Melaleuca comboynensis (Cheel) Craven ): It occurs from southeast Queensland to New South Wales.
Callistemon flavovirens (Cheel) Cheel : It occurs from southeast Queensland to New South Wales.
Callistemon formosus S.T.Blake : It occurs in Queensland.
Callistemon forresterae Molyneux : It occurs in Victoria.
Callistemon genofluvialis Molyneux : It occurs in Victoria.
Callistemon hemistictus (STBlake ex Craven) Udovicic & RDSpencer : It occurs in Queensland.
Callistemon kenmorrisonii Molyneux : It occurs in Victoria.
Callistemon lanceolatus (Sm.) Sweet : It occurs in Queensland.
Callistemon lazaridis (Craven) Udovicic & RDSpencer : The home is Queensland.
Callistemon linearifolius (Link) DC. : It occurs in New South Wales.
Callistemon linearis (Schrad. & JCWendl.) Colv. ex Sweet (Syn .: Melaleuca linearis Schrad. & JCWendl. ): The home is the southeast Queensland and New South Wales.
Callistemon macropunctatus (Dum.Cours.) Court (Syn .: Callistemon rugulosus (Link) DC. , Melaleuca rugulosa (Link) Craven , Metrosideros rugulosus Link ): It is distributed in two varieties in southeastern Australia.
Callistemon megalongensis (Craven & SMDouglas) Udovicic & RDSpencer : It occurs in New South Wales.
Callistemon montanus C.T.White ex STBlake (Syn .: Melaleuca montana (CTWhite ex STBlake) Craven ): It occurs from southeastern Queensland to northeastern New South Wales.
Callistemon montis-zamiae (Craven & SMDouglas) Udovicic & RDSpencer : It is only found in Queensland.
Callistemon nyallingensis Molyneux : It is only found in Victoria.
Callistemon pachyphyllus Cheel (Syn .: Melaleuca pachyphylla (Cheel) Craven ): It occurs in three varieties from eastern Queensland to northeastern New South Wales.
Callistemon pallidus (Bonpl.) DC. (Syn .: Melaleuca pallida (Bonpl.) Craven , Metrosideros pallida Bonpl. ): With large, green-yellow to white flowers. It occurs in eastern and southeastern Australia.
Callistemon pauciflorus R.D.Spencer & Lumley : It occurs in the Northern Territory of Australia.
Callistemon pearsonii R.D.Spencer & Lumley : It is only found in Queensland.
Callistemon phoeniceus Lindl. (Syn .: Melaleuca phoenicea (Lindl.) Craven ): It occurs in western Australia.
Callistemon phratra (Craven) Udovicic & RDSpencer : It is only found in Queensland.
Callistemon pinifolius (JCWendl.) DC. (Syn .: Melaleuca linearis var. Pinifolia . (JCWendl) Craven , Metrosideros pinifolia J.C.Wendl. ): You only occurs in New South Wales.
Callistemon pityoides F. Muell. (Syn .: Callistemon sieberi auct., Melaleuca pityoides (F.Muell.) Craven ): It occurs in southeastern Queensland and in northeastern Victoria.
Callistemon polandii F.M.Bailey : It is only found in Queensland.
Callistemon pungens Lumley & RDSpencer : It occurs with three subspecies from Queensland to New South Wales.
Callistemon purpurascens S.M.Douglas & S.David : It is only found in the Blue Mountains, New South Wales.
Callistemon pyramidalis (Craven) Udovicic & RDSpencer : It is only found in Queensland.
Callistemon quercinus (Craven) Udovicic & RDSpencer : It is only found in Queensland.
Callistemon recurvus R.D.Spencer & Lumley : It occurs in eastern Australia.
Callistemon rigidus R.Br. : It occurs from southeast Queensland to northeast New South Wales.
Callistemon sabrina (Craven) Udovicic & RDSpencer : It only occurs in Queensland.
Callistemon salignus (Sm.) Sweet (Syn .: Melaleuca salicina Craven , Metrosideros saligna Sm. , Callistemon roseus (Guilf.) Cheel ): It occurs in Queensland and New South Wales.
Callistemon serpentinus (Craven) Udovicic & RDSpencer : It is only found in New South Wales.
Callistemon shiressii Blakely (Syn .: Melaleuca shiresii (Blakely) Craven ): It occurs only in New South Wales.
Callistemon Sieberi DC. (Syn .: Callistemon salignus var. Sieberi (DC.) F.Muell. , Callistemon sieberi DC. Var. Sieberi , Callistemon salignus var. Paludosus (F.Muell.) F.Muell. , Callistemon paludosus F.Muell. , Callistemon australis J.M.Black nom. inval., Callistemon salignus var. angustifolius Benth. nom. illeg., Callistemon salignus var. angustifolia Benth. orth. var., Melaleuca paludicola Craven ): It occurs in South Australia , Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria as well as in the Australian Capital Territory .
Callistemon subulatus Cheel : It occurs in New South Wales and Victoria.
Callistemon teretifolius F. Muell. (Syn .: Melaleuca orophila Craven ): It occurs in South Australia .
Callistemon viminalis (Sol. Ex Gaertn.) G.Don in JCLoudon (Syn .: Metrosideros viminalis Sol. Ex Gaertn. , Melaleuca viminalis (Sol. Ex Gaertn.) Byrnes , Callistemon viminalis (Sol. Ex Gaertn.) G.Don in JCLoudon subsp. viminalis , Callistemon viminalis subsp. rhododendron (Craven) Udovicic & RDSpencer ): It occurs from Western Australia, South Australia, Queensland and New South Wales.
Callistemon viridiflorus (Sieber ex Sims) Sweet : It is only found in Tasmania.
Callistemon wimmerensis Marriott & GWCarr : It only occurs in Victoria.

swell

^ Melaleuca and Callistemon: Why are they Different? In: ANPSA = Australian Native Plants Society (as of February 2014)
^ Frank Udovicic, Roger D. Spencer: New combinations in Callistemon (Myrtaceae). In: Muelleria , Volume 30, Issue 1, 2012, pp. 23-25.
^ Lyn A. Craven: Melaleuca (Myrtaceae) from Australia. In: Novon , Volume 19, Issue 4, 2009, pp. 444-453. doi: 10.3417 / 2007137
↑ Robert D. Edwards, Lyn A. Craven, Michael D. Crisp, Lyn G. Cook: Melaleuca revisited: cpDNA and morphological data confirm that Melaleuca L. (Myrtaceae) is not monophyletic. In: Taxon , Volume 59, Issue 3, 2010, pp. 744-754. JSTOR: 25677666
↑ Callistemon. Vascular Plants In: APC = Australian Plant Census . last accessed on October 11, 2017.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai ^aj Rafaël Govaerts, N. Sobral, P. Ashton, F. Barrie, BK Holst, LL Landrum, K. Matsumoto, F. Fernanda Mazine, E. Nic Lughadha, C. Proença et al. 2008: World Checklist of Myrtaceae : 1-455. Kew Publishing, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Callistemon. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved May 3, 2020.
↑ Gordon Cheers (Ed.): Botanica . Random House Australia 2003. German edition: Tandem Verlag GmbH 2003, ISBN 3-8331-1600-5 .
↑
- Urania plant kingdom. Volume 3: Flowering Plants 1, 1st edition. Urania-Verlag, Leipzig 1991, ISBN 3-332-00367-4 .
↑ Steven M. Douglas, Peter G Wilson: Callistemon purpurascens (Myrtaceae): a new and threatened species from the Blue Mountains region of New South Wales, Australia. In: Telopea , Volume 18, 2015, pp. 265–272. doi: 10.7751 / telopea8562
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ data sheet at Australian Plant Name Index = APNI. _{Last accessed on May 3, 2020}

Web links

Commons : Cylinder Cleaner ( Callistemon ) - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Callistemon - Australian National Botanic Gardens.
Datasheet Genus Callistemon. In: New South Wales Flora online .
Callistemon on the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.

[1] Melaleuca and Callistemon: Why are they Different? In: ANPSA = Australian Native Plants Society (as of February 2014)

[2] Frank Udovicic, Roger D. Spencer: New combinations in Callistemon (Myrtaceae). In: Muelleria , Volume 30, Issue 1, 2012, pp. 23-25.

[3] Lyn A. Craven: Melaleuca (Myrtaceae) from Australia. In: Novon , Volume 19, Issue 4, 2009, pp. 444-453. doi: 10.3417 / 2007137

[4] Robert D. Edwards, Lyn A. Craven, Michael D. Crisp, Lyn G. Cook: Melaleuca revisited: cpDNA and morphological data confirm that Melaleuca L. (Myrtaceae) is not monophyletic. In: Taxon , Volume 59, Issue 3, 2010, pp. 744-754. JSTOR: 25677666

[5] Callistemon. Vascular Plants In: APC = Australian Plant Census . last accessed on October 11, 2017.

[WCSP-6] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai ^aj Rafaël Govaerts, N. Sobral, P. Ashton, F. Barrie, BK Holst, LL Landrum, K. Matsumoto, F. Fernanda Mazine, E. Nic Lughadha, C. Proença et al. 2008: World Checklist of Myrtaceae : 1-455. Kew Publishing, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Callistemon. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved May 3, 2020.

[Botanica2003-7] Gordon Cheers (Ed.): Botanica . Random House Australia 2003. German edition: Tandem Verlag GmbH 2003, ISBN 3-8331-1600-5 .

[UraniaPflanzenreich1991-8] 
Urania plant kingdom. Volume 3: Flowering Plants 1, 1st edition. Urania-Verlag, Leipzig 1991, ISBN 3-332-00367-4 .

[9] Urania plant kingdom. Volume 3: Flowering Plants 1, 1st edition. Urania-Verlag, Leipzig 1991, ISBN 3-332-00367-4 .

[9] Steven M. Douglas, Peter G Wilson: Callistemon purpurascens (Myrtaceae): a new and threatened species from the Blue Mountains region of New South Wales, Australia. In: Telopea , Volume 18, 2015, pp. 265–272. doi: 10.7751 / telopea8562

[APNI-10] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ data sheet at Australian Plant Name Index = APNI. _{Last accessed on May 3, 2020}