Carl Friedrich Schoultz von Ascheraden

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Family coat of arms of the Barons Schoultz von Ascheraden

Baron Carl Friedrich Schoultz von Ascheraden , also Karl Friedrich Schoultz von Ascheraden (born January 19, 1720 in Laupa , Estonia ; † January 21, 1782 in Ascheraden , Estonia) was a Swedish - Baltic baron and state politician . As a district administrator, he stood up for the Livonian peasantry and was an opponent of serfdom .

Career

The military career of Carl Friedrich started in 1732 as a cadet in the cadet corps in St. Petersburg . From 1739 he was cornet in Brunswick Cuirassier - Regiment . In 1741 he served as a Russian captain in the Dragoon Regiment and submitted his departure in 1743. From then on he lived in Ascheraden and traveled to Berlin and Bohemia . In 1747 he was appointed Treasurer of the Livonian Knighthood . From 1759 to 1765 he was the Livonian district administrator and from 1761 to 1764 he was the delegate of the Livonian knighthood in Saint Petersburg and Moscow for the negotiations on the privileges of knighthood and the new land law. In 1779 he was the representative of the Livonian knighthood in the negotiations on the introduction of the governor's constitution.

Ascheradensches and Römershoffsche peasant law

In 1764 he issued the "Ascheradensche and Römershoffsche Bauernrecht" (Ascheradensche and Römershoffsche Bauernrecht), which was named after him and was first published in Latvian . With this commitment, the farmers were given the right to ownership and possession of own country. They were no longer subject to manorial domestication , were no longer allowed to be forcibly evicted from their property and were given the right to sue . In many cases the rights and protective regulations of the Swedish era were reinstated. This was a decisive step against serfdom in the Baltic States. The "Ascheradensche and Römerhoffsche Bauernrecht" was printed as a kind of constitutional document for his serfs, in it the recognition of human and civil rights found clear emphasis. This peasant right did not find approval in all circles, and especially not in the majority of the aristocratic class. The knighthood mockingly rejected his writings in 1765 and also refused to recognize them as a permanent right to Schoultze's own property, as he thereby curtailed the rights of his descendants. For his efforts, which for the most part did not survive his death on his estate, he was highlighted as one of the few Baltic German landowners as exemplary by the Enlightenment expert Garlieb Merkel . Together with some clergymen, Carl Friedrich Schoultz von Ascheraden was one of the first pioneers of the Enlightenment in the Baltic States. The historian Eckardt called him in his history the "most distinguished man who ever participated in Livonian affairs during the 18th century." for Herder he was the "righteous man for A. ** [= ash wheels]". His example worked, albeit only gradually, towards an improvement in the situation of the peasants throughout the country and initiated the enlightenment, which found its conclusion in the state parliament decisions on peasant emancipation from 1804 to 1819.

family

His father was the Swedish captain Martin Heinrich Schoultz von Ascheraden (around 1687 1736), who in 1745 was married to Jakobina von Stackelberg (1696-1717) and to Anna Margaretha von Stackelberg (1694-1777). From the second marriage came Carl Friedrich, he married Christina Helena von Liphart (1728–1790) in 1745 . They had no offspring.

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ The Treasury Deputy in Livonia was a knightly electoral officer elected for three years and an assistant to the Land Marshal in the administration of the Knight's Treasury. With him, the cash deputies had to ensure that the cash desk was not burdened with unnecessary expenses. In: Baltic Legal Dictionary
  2. ^ Russian governor constitution of 1775, in: Michael North , History of the Baltic Sea: Commerce and Cultures , Volume 6005 by Beck series, Verlag CH Beck, 2011, ISBN 3406621821 online page 175 f.
  3. ↑ cf. Ed. Winkelmann, Bibliotheca Livoniae historica n. 11283. - Astaf v. Transehe-Roseneck, landlord and farmer in Livonia in the 17th and 18th centuries, p. 150 ff., Straßb. 1890, (Winkelmann, Eduard: Bibliotheca Livoniae historica systematic directory of sources and resources for the history of Estonia, Livonia and Courland, Berlin 1878 online )
  4. ^ Garlieb Helwig Merkel: The Latvians excellent in Liefland at the end of the philosophical century. A contribution to ethnology and human studies (ed. By Thomas Taterka). Wedemark 1998 (original Leipzig 1796), p. 220.
  5. ↑ Garlieb Helwig Merkel , The free Letten and Esthen , published 1820, original by Oxford University , digitized June 1, 2007, page 134 online
  6. ^ The dispute over the agrarian question and serfdom. By Carl Friedrich Schoultz von Ascheraden, In: Enlightenment in the Baltic States: Life and Work of the Livonian Scholar by August Wilhelm Hupel (1737–1819), Volume 19 of Sources and Studies on Baltic History, Böhlau Verlag Köln Weimar, 2006, ISBN 3412308056 , page 208 ff online
  7. ^ Garlieb Helwig Merkel: The Latvians excellent in Liefland at the end of the philosophical century. A contribution to ethnology and human studies (ed. By Thomas Taterka). Wedemark 1998 (original Leipzig 1796), pp. 64-66.
  8. ^ Garlieb Helwig Merkel: The Latvians excellent in Liefland at the end of the philosophical century. A contribution to ethnology and human studies (ed. By Thomas Taterka). Wedemark 1998 (original Leipzig 1796), p. 220.
  9. ^ Eckardt, Julius (ed.): Livonia in the eighteenth century. Outlines of a Livonian Story. Vol. 1: Until 1766. Leipzig 1876, p. 282.
  10. ↑ Herder, Johann Gottfried: Letters for the promotion of humanity. Sixth collection. Letters 77-80. In: (Ders.): Complete Works (ed. By Bernhard Suphan). Vol. XVII. Reprinted in Hildesheim 1967 (original Berlin 1881), p. 395.
  11. ^ Ascheraden Foundation - history and origin of name , people: Schoultz: Karl Friedrich S. von Ascheraden, Freiherr
personal data
SURNAME Schoultz von Ascheraden, Carl Friedrich
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Schoultz of Ascheraden, Karl Friedrich
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Swedish-Baltic baron and state politician
DATE OF BIRTH January 19, 1720
PLACE OF BIRTH Laupa , Estonia
DATE OF DEATH January 21, 1782
Place of death Ash damage , Estonia