Liphart (noble family)

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Family coat of arms of the von Liphart family

Liphart (also Liphardt ) is the surname of a Baltic noble family that had lived in Livonia since the middle of the 17th century . Some family members differed from members of other Baltic noble families in that they did not exclusively pursue the officer career, but also achieved a high reputation as art patrons .

history

The assumption that the Liphart family came from Saxony could not be confirmed. Its origin is rather traced back to the district judge of the diocese of Wenden Friedrich Liphart and the sons of his late brother of the Count Thurn's court master Johann Liphart. Johann Liphart was enrolled at the University of Rostock in 1622 as "Revaliensis", that is , coming from Reval . Their Reval ancestor was Alexander Liphart (buried in Reval in 1656), who took the oath of citizenship in Reval in 1600 . This family from Reval received a Swedish naturalization diploma in 1688 and is considered to be the progenitor of the Baltic Lipharts. Alexander Liphart was a master saddler , elder of the canoe guilds and merchant and is documented several times in some Reval documents up to 1656 . Its popularity was emphasized by a dispute between the large and small guild, which was finally ended by a power of the Swedish King Gustav II Adolphs . The origin of Alexander cannot be clearly proven either, the Mayor of Reval Peter Müller was his brother-in-law. His son Balthasar († 1656) was pastor of Leal and St. Michaelis, his other sons were Friedrich (1601–1699) and Johann († 1661). Johann Liphart († 1661/63) was after his studies in 1630 the preceptor of the young Counts Christian and Heinrich Thurn and Valsassina and since 1635 Hofmeister to their mother, the Countess Magdalena Thurn. In 1632 he received the approval to acquire the estate Wölla (see below “possessions”) in the county of Pernau and in 1647 received the lifelong deed of ownership. Queen Christina confirmed the lifelong and hereditary possession. His son Johann Friedrich lost his property and his great-grandson Karl Liphart acquired large estates in the middle of the 18th century, from which he donated the Ratshof and Neuhausen Castle (see “possessions” below) to majorats . During the five generations of rule, the rulers of Ratshof showed a great understanding of art and created an important art collection for the country, they were patrons and supporters. The District Administrator Reinhold Wilhelm von Liphart and his son the District Marshal Karl von Liphart particularly stood out. The last major councilor, Reinhold von Liphart, made the collections famous by purchasing works by new masters. Karl Eduard von Liphart developed into a universal scholar and the first art expert of his time, whose son became a well-known portrait painter and later archivist of all imperial museums. In 1747 the family was registered as "von Liphart from the house of Noetkenshof and Rojel" in the Estonian knighthood under number 106 in the nobility register. Friedrich Liphart (1663–1735) received the small estate Duckern near Wenden through his marriage and was the progenitor of the Swedish branch with his two sons Friedrich Wilhelm (1663–1735) and Franz Bernhard († 1710). They were in 1776 under registration number 2032 in Sweden introduces , the Swedish branch died out in 1833, the Livonian branch duikers had died already 1800's.

Family table

Alexander Liphart (buried in Reval in 1656 ), citizen in Reval and elder of the Kanegilde ⚭ Magdalena Kusen (buried in Reval in 1648)

  • Friedrich Liphart (1663–1735) Swedish Colonel ⚭ 1st Elisabeth Freiin von Örneklou († 1717); 2. Sophia Anna Klingspor (1693-1721); 3. Helena von Engelhardt (1696–1789), line extinct in Sweden in 1833
  • Johann Liphart († between 1661 and 1663), Lord of Wölla, Count's Court Master, District Court Assessor ⚭ Anna Kippe (buried in 1698 in Pernau)
    • Johann Friedrich Liphart (1655–1723), Lord of Wölla, Swedish Colonel, Swedish ennoblement 1688 ⚭ Maria von Tiesenhausen (1668–1724)
      • Friedrich Wilhelm von Liphart (founder of the 1st House Ratshof)
      • Magnus Johann von Liphart (founder of the II. House of Wölla)
  • Balthasar Liphart († 1656), Pastor ⚭ Katharina Temm († 1667)

1. House Ratshof

Friedrich Wilhelm von Liphart (1688–1750), lord of Noetkenhof and Rojel (see below “possessions”), Swedish captain ⚭ Charlotte von Helmersen (1696–1767)

  • Gotthard Friedrich von Liphart (* 1716; † 1743 in Saint Petersburg ), chamberlain
  • Karl von Liphart (1719–1792), Lord of Rojel, Ratshof and Neuhausen Castle , Russian cavalry master ⚭ Margaretha von Vietinghoff (1719–1772)
  • Hans Heinrich von Liphart (baptized 1736; buried 1806), Chamberlain ⚭ Louise von Ermes (1744–1793)
    • Karl Magnus von Liphart (* 1768 in Aya), Russian colonel, director of the Marienkanals ⚭ Dorothea Arps († 1824)
    • Otto Johann Friedrich von Liphart (1773–1860), Major General in the Imperial Russian Army ⚭ Wassa Petrovna (1794–1860)
      • Alexander von Liphart (1874), Russian major general ⚭ Maria Diwow (1805–1878)

2. House Wölla

Magnus Johann von Liphart († 1733), pledge holder of Wölla ⚭ Margaretha von Stackelberg († 1766)

  • Fabian Reinhold von Liphart († 1795), Herr auf Kook and Malla (Estonia), Russian Major ⚭ Dorothea von Essen
    • Reinhold Alexander von Liphart (baptized 1775), Lieutenant Captain of the Sea ⚭ Helene Freiin von Schwechheim (1785–1828)
      • Wilhelm Leo Karl von Liphart (* 1813), Russian State Councilor ⚭ 1. Pauline Conradi, 2. Natalie Bolsoni
        • Oskar Alexander Friedrich Theodor von Liphart (* 1838) ⚭ Olympia
          • Vladimir (* 1872)
          • Nikolai (* 1876)

Possessions

In addition to the traditional Gut Ratshof, they partly or temporarily owned the following goods:

  • 1. In the Latvian district: Duckern, Noetkenshof, Graenhof and Laudohn.
  • 2. In the Estonian district: Wölla, Kawast, Aya, Kabbal, Ollepäh, Waimastfer, Rippoka, Alt-Kusthof, Jensen, Woitfer, Saarjerw, Kaster, Meckshof, Heidohof, Sennen and Tammist. Since 1725 Rojel, since 1751 Ratshof, since 1816 Toikfer and since 1835 Torma, Padefest and Lillastfer and finally Ruhetal in the Duchy of Courland and Semgallia .

Wölla

The manor Wölla ( Estonian : Vôlla) near Pernau already existed as a farm in 1569, it was then renamed Hoff Wolle in 1638 and rebuilt by Johann Lipharden (Liphart). It was a municipality since 1919 and was assigned to the municipality of Audern in 1939 .

Rojel Manor

At the time of the episcopal government, Gut Rojel or Brackelshof was owned by Johann Wrangel , who bequeathed it to his son Wollmar. During the Polish government in 1627 it belonged to Hans Meyer and consisted of only two farms . In 1629 Fabian Wrangel's legal possession was confirmed by King Gustav Adolph and in 1682 it went to Berent Wrangel, who bequeathed it to his sister Gertrude, who was married to Wilhelm Baron Taube and appointed him as heir. In 1724 the estate was sold to the Stackelbergs, who then sold it to Wilhelm von Liphart in 1725. It then remained in the inheritance of the Lippart family.

Neuhausen Castle

Neuhausen Castle or Mansion (2011)

Neuhausen Castle ( Estonian : Vastseliina) was founded in 1342 by the order master Burchard von Dreileben under the name "Frowenborch" and was subsequently named "Novum castrum". Located on the border with Russia, it should be a protective castle for Dorpat. Settlements gradually emerged next to the castle and the castle became a place of pilgrimage in 1354 . In 1432, the “Miracle of Neuhausen” led to visitors to the palace chapel being entitled to indulgences. In 1379 the castle was one of the strongest castles in the country, it was occupied by the Russians in 1558 and destroyed in the Northern War in 1702 . The actual court was given to the Pechur monastery in 1561 and served as the Starostei Neuhausen during the Polish period . At the time of the Swedish rule, the estate was privately owned and was confiscated by the reduction in 1681. In 1766, Neuhausen Castle, as it was now called, was sold to Karl von Liphart, who together with the Ratshof converted it into a majorate foundation. In 1856 Gotthard von Liphart took over the property. The village of Neuhausen today includes the castle and the castle ruins.

Kabbalah

Manor house at Gut Kabbal (2012)

The Kabbal (et: Kabala) estate, founded in the 17th century, consisted of a two-story main building and was built around 1770 by the von Uexküll family . After that it belonged to the von Liphart and von Vietinghoff families. The former manor house has housed a school since 1923. The village of Kabla was established in 1583 and was renamed Kabballa in 1624. It was privately owned from 1623 and developed into a manor by 1638, and in 1698 was one of the reduced estates. In 1759, Empress Elisabeth gave it to Major von Michelson. Other owners in 1919 were Sophie von Taube, born Vietinghoff.

coat of arms

The split coat of arms is blue at the top with three golden spur wheels in a 2: 1 arrangement and a red heart on a golden background at the bottom . The crest is adorned with a peacock feather , which stands between two buffalo horns divided by gold and blue across the corner. The helmet cover is gold-blue on the right and gold-red on the left.

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Heinrich von Thurn-Valsassina, Duke of Thurn, governor in the Duchy of Estonia (August 16, 1653–1655)
  2. ^ Franz Bernhard Graf von Thurn-Valsassina (1595–1628) was the son of Count Heinrich Matthias von Thurn (* 1567 at Lipnitz Castle ; † 1640 in Pernau ), who was married to Maria Magdalena von Hardegg . He was a Swedish major general and was appointed to the county of Pernau in 1627 by the Swedish King Gustav II Adolf
  3. ^ Pernau, Grafschaft. In: Baltic historical local dictionary: Estonia (including Northern Livland), Volume 1 of Baltic historical local dictionary, Gertrud Westermann, sources and studies on Baltic history, editors Hans Feldmann, Heinz von Zur Mühlen, Gertrud Westermann, Böhlau Verlag Köln Weimar, 1985, ISBN 3 -412-07183-8 , 9783412071837, p. 446 [1]
  4. ↑ See: Dr. Bernd Warlich, Volkach, The Thirty Years' War in personal testimonies, chronicles and reports [2] , accessed on December 12, 2018
  5. ↑ Koonu / Kono. In: Estonian manors [3]
  6. ↑ Marien Canal. On: Zeno.org (Source: Pierer's Universal Lexikon, Volume 10. Altenburg 1860, p. 890.) [4]
  7. ↑ Kook / Koogu. On Estonian manors [5]
  8. ↑ Malla. On: Estonian manors [6]
  9. ↑ Baltic historical local dictionary: Estonia (including Northern Livland), Volume 1 of Baltic historical local dictionary, Gertrud Westermann, sources and studies on Baltic history, edited by Hans Feldmann, Heinz von Zur Mühlen, Gertrud Westermann, Böhlau Verlag Köln Weimar, 1985, ISBN 3- 412-07183-8 , 9783412071837, page 685 [7] , accessed December 13, 2018
  10. ^ "Stiftsrat" = government councilor in the district of a monastery. In: German dictionary by Jacob Grimm and Wilhelm Grimm , dictionary network [8]
  11. ↑ Heinrich von Hagemeister , materials for a history of the country estates of Livonia, Volume 2, Verlag Frantzen, 1837, original from Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, digitized July 28, 2011, p. 114 [9] , accessed December 12, 2018
  12. ^ Research reports: "The miracle of Neuhausen in Estonia". In: Journal for Eastern Research [10]
  13. ↑ Baltic historical local dictionary: Estonia (including Northern Livland), Volume 1 of Baltic historical local dictionary, Gertrud Westermann, sources and studies on Baltic history, edited by Hans Feldmann, Heinz von Zur Mühlen, Gertrud Westermann, Böhlau Verlag Köln Weimar, 1985, ISBN 3- 412-07183-8 , 9783412071837, p. 382 [11] , accessed December 12, 2018
  14. ↑ Kabala / Kabbal. In: Estonian Estates [12] , accessed December 13, 2018
  15. ↑ Baltic historical local dictionary: Estonia (including Northern Livland), Volume 1 of Baltic historical local dictionary, Gertrud Westermann, sources and studies on Baltic history, edited by Hans Feldmann, Heinz von Zur Mühlen, Gertrud Westermann, Böhlau Verlag Köln Weimar, 1985, ISBN 3- 412-07183-8 , 9783412071837, p. 160 [13] , accessed December 13, 2018
  16. ↑ Klingspor, Carl Arvid / Hildebrandt, Adolf Matthias: Baltisches Wappenbuch, Wappen all the noble families belonging to the knights of Livonia, Estonia, Courland and Oesel, Stockholm, 1882, p. 64 [14] , accessed December 13, 2018