Carl Heinrich Jacobi
Carl Heinrich Jacobi (born November 30, 1824 in Erfurt , † July 3, 1897 in Phoenixville , Pennsylvania ) was a German photographer and collotype printer of the 19th century . He worked in Creuznach, today's Bad Kreuznach , Neuendorf near Koblenz , Berlin and Dresden and in Philadelphia in the United States of America .
Life
Carl Christian Heinrich Jacobi was born on November 30, 1824 in Erfurt. Around 1850 he married Emilie Weiss (1826–1898) from Schönhausen in the Altmark . In the birth entry of his first child in Paderborn in 1852, the job title is 'Sections-Geometer bei der Wesphälische Eisenbahn'.
Atelier in Creuznach
In 1857 Jacobi came to Creuznach, today's Bad Kreuznach, as a photographer . He started out as a co-owner of the Mayr & Jacobi studio. In 1860 Jacobi separated from Mayr and founded his own studio. He soon turned to landscape photography. His pictures from this period show motifs from the Rhineland : the bridge houses in Bad Kreuznach, the Ebernburg , the Rheingrafenstein in Bad Münster and Koblenz .
Lichtdruckanstalt in Neuendorf
Around 1868 Jacobi moved to the vicinity of Koblenz, first to Wallersheim (now part of Koblenz) and a short time later to Neuendorf (now also part of Koblenz). He published a stereo photo series: "Le Rhin & ses environs" with the photographer's name "Phot. CH Jacobi, Coblenz".
In the following years Jacobi built up a collotype printing company, which - along with the Creifelds in Cologne - soon became the most important in the Rhineland. As early as 1872 a "very nice collotype" was printed from a photo of the Lahn valley in the photographic archive. Also in the following year, collotype by Jacobi found general recognition. For example, a collotype of a photo of the spa park in Wiesbaden is printed by Jacobi in the "Photographische Correspondenz" . On this occasion he states "that he had gone through all known methods of copying the matrices" and finally stuck to "the process of dusting," which he recommends because of its simplicity and speed. With the same, however, "the difficulty increases with the size of the plate, and if the nature of the fragrance particles also has a major influence, very beautiful negatives can be obtained with the Conte chalk of the green-black variety, whereas the brown-black variety provides negatives of great transparency but are too hard. " He also produced "negatives with dusting with gravit".
During the Franco-Prussian War of 1870/71 Jacobi made panoramic recordings of the battlefield near Saarbrücken in August 1870 and stereo recordings of the destroyed Strasbourg after the siege of the city in October . In the 'Militair = Wochenblatt' of October 16, 1872, reference is made to a 'rich selection of photographic views which have been excellently executed by the photographer CH Jacobi in Neuendorf near Coblentz and published by Siebert in Saarbrücken'. It contains '68 views from the area around Metz and 12 views from the area around Saarbrücken-Spichern '. Express reference is made to the views of St. Privat and St. Marie-aux-chenes, Verneville , Gravelotte and St. Hubert. Reference is also made to photographs of Roisseville, Spicherer Berg, Goldene Bremm, Styringer Eisenwerk and various memorials to those who died.
Achievements and Awards
In 1874 Jacobi received an honorable mention at the Paris Photographic Exhibition. A Portuguese amateur, Carlos Relvas, was also honored there, who would later have a special meaning for Jacobi. In the same year, Photographische Correspondenz printed for the first time a collotype of a photo that Jacobi did not take himself, a still life by C. Lehmann. Around this time he changed from photographer to printer.
In 1875 a special collotype from Jacobis Anstalt appears in the Photographic Archive, a photo by the Magdeburg photographer Gustav Haertwig, which shows him on his self-constructed two-lane velocipede . Photographers needed extensive equipment at this time and Haertwig had come up with something special with his pedal-powered car.
The following announcement appears for the photographic exhibition in Vienna: "Carl Heinrich Jacobi (company CH Jacobi, photographic art establishment and collotype, founded 1860) in Neuendorf-Coblenz - Honorable recognition Hamburg 1868 and Paris 1874 for statues, landscapes and collotype. - Authorized Oscar Kramer in Vienna, L, Kohlmarkt 18. - 12 collotype copies.
1. Panorama of Saarbrücken and St. Johann from the Löwenburg with Aplanat 3 '105 taken by E. Liesegang. 2. View from Neuenkirchen near Saarbrücken, the same. (The place is to the north and is constantly in the haze of the Stüms'schen ironworks.) 3. View from Saarburg. Taken with a ball lens from Gase & Charconnet; Cloudy weather. 4. Talking pit 5. Itzenblitz shaft both near Neuenkirchen, taken with aplanat in cloudy weather. 6. Püttlingen pit near Völklingen. Taken with aplanat during rain and cloudy skies. 7th and 8th reproductions, taken from copperplate engravings with Aplanat 5: "Luther's Theses at the Castle Church in Wittenberg" and "Fruitless Sermon" 9. "The Old Man in the Heidenhöhle" (scene from Eckehardt), original by Jamy, taken from ink drawings . 10. "The Marder in the Trap", original by Deiker, after a pen drawing 11. Sonnenberg near Wiesbaden 12. Etching by Schirmer, reproduction. All of the pictures are light prints, the layer of the picture is removed from the glass by means of gelatine for the purpose of reversal. "
Jacobi received a silver medal for his collotype "with special recognition for the size of the collotype plates and the sharpness of the reproductions", while his Cologne competitor Creifelds only received a bronze medal. In the same year Carl Heinrich Jacobi made an agreement with Carlos Relvas (1838-1894) 'Hidalgo da Casa Real, grande amigo do Rei', a noble, wealthy amateur photographer to set up a collotype at Relvas in Gollega (Portugal). Jacobi's son, Emile Jacobi (1853–1918), went to Portugal for a long time.
In July 1875, Mr. Talbot presented Jacobi's "collection of light prints" to the members of the Association for the Promotion of Photography in Berlin, "who would probably put themselves at the side of the best of their kind." Talbot explains: "The printing of Jacobi's pictures does not seem to be particularly difficult," because Jacobi said, "that the training of a good printer, even without prior knowledge, has no more difficulties than that of a copier Ordinary silver process. The Jacobi printing staff is all trained from ordinary assistants. " Talbot also remarks: "that the Jacobi process is also practiced in Portugal", "in that Mr. Relvas bought it in Lisbon and learned it under the direction of Mr. Jacobi junior." He presents samples from Relvas which "according to the judgment of the assembly are most appreciable." On October 1, 1875, CH Jacobi became a member of the Association for the Promotion of Photography in Berlin.
In 1876 collotype prints by Jacobi and others appear in various photographic magazines. a. by the famous photographer Luckhardt in Vienna. In the same year Jacobi took part in the world exhibition in Philadelphia and was awarded for his collotype.
Lichtdruckanstalt in Berlin
In June 1876 Jacobi moved to Berlin on Seydelstrasse, which branches off from Spittelmarkt to the southeast. Together with Robert Prager, Jacobi founded a new company that specialized in 'the application of photography to the reproduction of oil paintings', the 'Berliner Phototypische Institut' at Friedrichstrasse 247. A sample, the reproduction of the oil painting 'Im Walde' by E. Freisleben, was published in the Photographische Mittheilungen in 1877. In the text it says: 'In the previous year the establishment had already acquired a number of excellent works of art from the annual exhibition for its establishment and an interesting collection of excellent new photos based on pictures from the art exhibition is in prospect for this year too'.
In 1878 his son Emile Jacobi emigrated to North America on the ship 'Switzerland' .
In 1879 Jacobi separated from Prager again. In October 1879, CH Jacobi informed the Association for the Promotion of Photography in Berlin by letter, 'that he had moved to Dresden and was working in the studio of Römler & Jonas'.
Intermezzo in Dresden
In the years 1879 to 1885, CH Jacobi can be traced in Dresden's address books with the professional title 'Photographer'. In the lists of members of the Association for the Promotion of Photography in Berlin 1881/1882 and 1882/1883 the entry reads: 'Jacobi, C.- H., Lichtdruckereibesitzer in Dresden'. Römler & Jonas was founded in 1871 by the photographer Emil Römmler and the accountant Leopold Erasmus Jonas. In 1879 the company was located in its own business premises in Neue Gasse on Striesener Platz. Typical products were cabinet cards and Leporellos. In 1890 Carl Heinrich Jacobi can be found in the Kiel address book. In the case of descendants in the USA, cabinet photos are included with the designation 'CH Jacobi Photogr. Atelier Alb. Kamieth's Nachf. Kiel Vorstadt 20 '
Emigration to America
In August Jacobi's wife Emilie left for North America with their daughter Anna, followed in October by Jacobi and daughter Clara on the ship 'Suevia'. The entry in the passenger list reads: Carl Jacobi (66) photographer from Erfurt, destination New York as a cabin passenger traveling with his wife Klara (29) on board the ship 'Suevia' (Hamburg & Le Havre - New York), arrival October 20, 1890 (Clara, however, was the daughter born Apr. 1861, died Apr. 1930). In 1893 an article about autotype (halftone) by "CH Jacobi in Philadelphia" appeared in Photographische Correspondenz, in which the author referred to an article by Professor Husnik about "autotype negatives, nets and whatever else is related to them" in the 1892 yearbook by Dr. Eder enters. Jacobi writes that he spent two years in Philadelphia and had many obstacles to overcome, but for the past year and a half, "Max Levy at 1213 Race Street has been delivering so many original screens that it is a real pleasure" to work with. (In Philadelphia, FE Ives had developed the 'screen method' in the first half of the 1880s, in which the dots of the autotype were generated by a grid. This method, improved by Max Levy in 1890, seems to have also been used by Jacobi.) 1897 Carl Heinrich Jacobi died on July 3 in Phoenixville, Chester, Pennsylvania.
Web links
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- Bad Kreuznacher spa and tourist list : 1859 No 13 (June 14) advertisement by Mayr & Jacobi, 1861/8 advertisement by Mayr & Jacobi with handwriting. Note “est. 1852 "
- General address handbook of practicing photographers 1866, entry Jacobi (and own entry Mayr) Kreuznach (Prussia, Rhine province)
- Stereo photos series: Vues des Environs de Creuznach , photo without a name from the Nahe Valley Railway near Bad Kreuznach, company name: "CH Jacobi - Creuznach", note: Commissioning of the Nahe Valley Railway Bingen-Kreuznach: July 15, 1858, commissioning of Kreuznach-Oberstein December 15, 1859
- Stereo photo series: Bords Du Rhin , photo without a name from Koblenz, company name: "CH Jacobi, Creuznach"
- Stereo photo series: Le Rhin & ses environs / The Rhine and its surroundings, Strasbourg, October 1870, company name: “Phot. CH Jacobi, Coblenz “, Coblenzer Zeitung No. 241, September 2, 1875: Locales
- Photographic archive - reports on the progress of photography (Liesegang), volumes 1868, 1875, 1878 and 1880 and 1893
- Photographische Correspondenz , organ of the photographic society in Vienna, 1875 and 1893
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Jacobi, Carl Heinrich |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | German photographer |
| DATE OF BIRTH | November 30, 1824 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Erfurt |
| DATE OF DEATH | July 3, 1897 |
| Place of death | Phoenixville , Pennsylvania |