Spittelmarkt
| Spittelmarkt | |
|---|---|
 |
|
 View over the square, which was redesigned in 2012 |
|
| Basic data | |
| place | Berlin |
| District | center |
| Created | 18th century |
| Newly designed | around 1950, from 2005 |
| Confluent streets |
Leipziger Strasse , Gertraudenstrasse , Wallstrasse , Seydelstrasse , Axel-Springer-Strasse , Niederwallstrasse |
| Buildings |
Spindlerbrunnen , Spitteleck |
| use | |
| User groups | Pedestrians , cyclists , car (restricted) |
| Technical specifications | |
| Square area | approx. 13,800 m² irregularly shaped |
The Spittelmarkt in Berlin is a historic square in the Mitte district at the eastern end of Leipziger Strasse . The busy square is dominated by the two main thoroughfares Leipziger Strasse and Gertraudenstrasse , which are part of Bundesstrasse 1 and each end at Spittelmarkt.
Location and development
In the address book of the year 1799 there is a sketch of the location with the surrounding or confluent streets, these were: at the Spittel-Brücke , Nieder-Wallstraße , Kur-Straße , Spittelmarkt-Straße and Wall-Straße .
In 1860 the description of the location was as follows:
“Spittelmarkt in Neu-Kölln, starts at Kur-Straße with No. 1, via Nieder-Wallstraße with No. 7 to the Spittelbrücke and back on Wall-Straße to No. 16. Its length is 165 paces . Number 8 is the hospital for the Gertrauten Church that stands here and between 15 and 16 is the Spittelmarkt-Wache. The market days, which are held here on Wednesdays and Saturdays, are very attractive with green kitchen ware. The evening before there is an evening market. There is also a fish market and several junk stalls here. "
In addition to Leipziger and Gertraudenstraße, the following streets touch the Spittelmarkt:
Behind the Gertraudenbrücke over the Spree Canal , Mühlendamm , Grunerstrasse and Alexanderstrasse continue to Alexanderplatz .
The underground line U2 stops at the Spittelmarkt underground station , which is located in the eastern area on Wallstraße. Its window gallery made of round arches facing the Spree Canal , which lets in daylight, is remarkable.
To the west of the Spittelmarkt are the Spittelkolonnaden on Marion-Gräfin-Dönhoff-Platz .
history
Origins of the market
The surface on which after the grinding of the fortifications in the former bastion IV on the west bank of the Spree River in the 18th century a marketplace between fishing island and Leipziger Strasse was, was still in the 14th century a peaceful nameless place before Gertraudentor . Around 1400 the St. Gertrauden monastery built a house there and in 1411 a chapel for noble virgins. It later developed from a quarantine quarter for hikers and craftspeople into an infirmary for destitute, frail and sick citizens from Cölln and old Berlin . The free space was a traffic junction and was used for market transactions. From around 1750 it was called Spittelmarkt in the city files , which is derived from the Gertraudenhospital : Hospital → Spital → Spittel . In 1641 the hospital burned down, the neighboring church was preserved. Previously, the area was called Am Gertraudtenkirchhof (around 1405 to 1750) and An der Gertraudtenbrücke ( Middle Ages until 1750). Even after the name was determined, it was also called Spittelmarktstrasse (1750–1862).
The square between the 18th century and 1945
In the 18th century, the Old Prussian Infantry Regiment No. 26 quartered on foot . The Spittelkirche emerged from the chapel . The rapid expansion of the streets in Berlin during the early days of the founding left no room for the monastery, so the Gertraudenhospital and its chapel , rebuilt in the 17th century, were relocated to today's Kreuzberg Wartenburgstrasse in 1872 . The most valuable pieces of equipment from the Spittelkirche, which was torn down in 1881, were placed in the new Kreuzberg hospital chapel. Now a complex peripheral development with residential and commercial buildings was created. At that time, Niederwallstrasse, Wallstrasse , Gertraudenstrasse, Seydelstrasse and Beuthstrasse left the market.
These buildings were badly damaged or totally destroyed by the end of the Second World War .
Total renovation after the end of the Second World War
From the summer of 1945, the area around the Spittelmarkt was cleared and rebuilt in the 1960s to 1970s. The streets that originally ended on the square were stripped of their function, except for the aisle of Leipziger Straße. Lindenstrasse (since 1996: Axel-Springer-Strasse ) and Beuthstrasse, both coming from the south, were cordoned off by the low-rise building of the Exquisit boutique , which was built in 1978 based on a design by Eckart Schmidt . The Spitteleck residential and commercial building, built between 1980 and 1985, was designed by the same architect . The Spindler Fountain was put back on its original location.
Spittelmarkt after 1990
After the collapse of the GDR , the East German Savings Banks and Giro Association built a 20-storey administration and office tower from 1996 to 1998, which has dominated the square since then. From 2003 to 2006 and from 2006 to 2008 further new buildings were built on the north side of the square.
The low-rise building of the Exquisit boutique was taken over by the Ebbinghaus clothing store and demolished in 2009 after they moved out. The Gesellschaft für Beteiligungen und Immobilien-Projektentwicklung mbH (GBI) built a nine-storey hotel building with a clinker brick facade in 2009/2010 for around 20 million euros.
Remodeling plans
The inner city plan provides for a reduction in the width of the street and a new development on the edge with significantly higher eaves heights in order to reconnect the streets to the square and to restore the former historical spatial structure. The Spittelmarkt is to be rebuilt in its almost original dimensions as a town square in a historical location. The east-west axis of Leipziger Straße should be visible again, for which purpose the reinforced concrete expressway bridge would have to be demolished. The old Gertraudenbrücke would have to be widened and used again for motor vehicle traffic. As a first step, at the beginning of the 21st century, the square was redesigned towards Wallstrasse. In addition to new flooring and a lawn, a total of 33 benches and the Spindler fountain were (re) installed. The costs amounted to 211,000 euros. On May 25, 2012, the Senate Building Director Regula Lüscher inaugurated the newly designed area. It has not yet been determined whether, when and in what form the road redevelopment plans will be implemented (as of 2015).
In the media
The writer Bernward Schneider wrote a detective novel that takes place on and around the old Spittelmarkt in 1932 and is entitled Spittelmarkt .
Holmar Attila Mück (author) and Gunter Schoß (speaker) have published an audible city tour with the title Berlin walks, Molkenmarkt and Spittelmarkt .
literature
- Steffi Kühnel: Civitas Berolinensis: History tours to the beginnings of the capital. , 2010, Verlag Alexander Schug.
- From plan to building: Spittelmarkt-Gertraudenstrasse , Kulturbuchverlag, 2001, ISBN 3-88961-139-7 .
- The architectural and art monuments of the GDR , Berlin, I; Edited by the Institute for Monument Preservation at Henschelverlag, pp. 130–131; Berlin 1984.
- For the opening of the extension line from Spittelmarkt via Alexanderplatz to Schönhauser Allee July 1913 , Hochbahngesellschaft Berlin, 1913.
Web links
- Spittelmarkt. In: Street name lexicon of the Luisenstädtischer Bildungsverein (near Kaupert )
- Senate administration via the Spittelmarkt
Individual evidence
- ↑ Spittelmarkt . In: Karl Neander von Petersheiden: Illustrative Tables , 1799, I, p. 171.
- ↑ Spittelmarkt . In Lexicon von Berlin , p. 580 f
- ^ Inge Kiessig: The hospital market - a remote place. Grandstand series Berlin street stories. 2, October 6, 1983.
- ↑ Berlin city map from 1875. Retrieved on May 15, 2019 . on Alt-Berlin.info.
- ↑ Institute for Monument Preservation (Ed.): The architectural and art monuments of the GDR. Capital Berlin-I . Henschelverlag, Berlin 1984, p. 130 .
- ↑ Reminiscences - Foundation stone laid for office building in Berlin. In: Baunetz . Retrieved May 15, 2019 .
- ↑ A new hotel is being built on Spittelmarkt. In: Berliner Morgenpost . July 2, 2009.
- ↑ Berlin's historic center is being rebuilt. In: Berliner Morgenpost . June 10, 2008.
- ↑ Spittelmarkt revamped. In: BZ May 26, 2012, accessed on May 29, 2012.
- ^ Bernward Schneider: Spittelmarkt: Kriminalroman . Gmeiner-Verlag, 2010, ISBN 978-3-8392-3560-7 ( books.google.de - reading sample).
- ↑ CD: 2005 Berlin walks , Eulenspiegel-Verlag, Berlin, 2005, ISBN 978-3-359-01081-4 ; accessed on August 30, 2016.
Coordinates: 52 ° 30 ′ 43 " N , 13 ° 24 ′ 5" E