Lindenstrasse (Berlin-Kreuzberg)

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Lindenstrasse
coat of arms
Street in Berlin
Lindenstrasse
Building of the former Victoria Insurance
in Lindenstrasse
Basic data
place Berlin
District Kreuzberg
Created around 1706
Connecting roads
Axel-Springer-Strasse (north) ,
Zossener Strasse (south)
Cross streets (Selection)
At the Berlin Museum ,
ETA-Hoffmann-Promenade ,
Feilnerstrasse ,
Franz-Klühs-Strasse ,
Markgrafenstrasse ,
Oranienstrasse ,
Ritterstrasse ,
Rudi-Dutschke-Strasse
Buildings see:  Sights
use
User groups Pedestrian traffic , bicycle traffic , car traffic , public transport
Technical specifications
Street length 980 meters

The Linde street is a street in the Berlin district of Kreuzberg . It runs as an extension of Zossener Straße from the Zossener Bridge over the Landwehr Canal to the intersection with Rudi-Dutschke-Straße / Oranienstraße . Behind it it leads as Axel-Springer-Straße to the eastern end of Leipziger Straße on Spittelmarkt .

history

Historically, Lindenstrasse belongs to Friedrichstadt , so it was once part of an independent suburb of Berlin until it was incorporated in 1710. It is one of the oldest streets in Berlin and is home to the Collegienhaus, the oldest surviving building in Kreuzberg, which housed the Märkische Kammergericht until 1913 and which is now the home of the Jewish Museum .

In 1688 it was planned to expand Berlin to the south in order to offer a settlement area for Protestant religious refugees from Bohemia . Thus arose under Philipp Gerlach , the Friedrichstrasse and Lindenstrasse, both on the present Mehringplatz zuliefen (then "Rondell"). In 1735 the quarter was delimited with a customs wall and could only be entered from Hallescher Tor , Kottbusser Tor and Schlesisches Tor . During this time Friedrich II built a cavalry barracks for his mounted bodyguard . After the French Revolution , former farmers and liberal Jews increasingly moved to Lindenstrasse.

The Royal Astronomical Computing Institute was located at Lindenstrasse 91 , which belonged to the New Observatory, which was located behind it from 1835 to 1913 and which was accessed through the institute building, among other things. Astronomers such as Johann Franz Encke and Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel worked at the Berlin observatory . In 1846 the planet Neptune was discovered at this observatory . After the observatory had moved, the northwestern Charlottenstrasse was extended to Lindenstrasse. For the breakthrough, the buildings Lindenstrasse 91-93 and the observatory were demolished, the street was extended in a straight continuation of Charlottenstrasse to the north-east wall of Markthalle II , in order to then reach its outer wall in a south-easterly direction following Lindenstrasse. The confluence of the new street took up the whole of property 93 and half of it. In 1913 Cremer & Wolffenstein built a laundry department store for the Jordan company founded by Heinrich Jordan in 1839 on the new corner property at Lindenstrasse 91 and the extended Charlottenstrasse (until 1927) . The department store was connected to the main Jordan store at Markgrafenstrasse 87/88 via the rear wing.

Lingerie sales suffered during the inflationary years, so the Jordan company concentrated sales in the main building and rented out the new building. The Ullstein publishing house rented several floors and stayed here financially supported Klal-Verlag one, for 1921, among other Chaim Nachman Bialik worked. From February 18, 1927, the connection, initially known as the Extended Charlottenstrasse, was called Enckestrasse , and the Jordan department store had the addresses Lindenstrasse 91/92 and Enckestrasse 1/2.

Historical representation of the Victoria building

The northern section in particular was part of the Berlin newspaper district in the decades before and after 1900 . The nearby Mosse publishing house can still be seen today, and the Springer publishing house is also loaded with journalistic problems. But there were also editorial offices at the southern end of the street. At the time of the Weimar Republic, a complex of ten courtyards, which the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) built with the office building built in 1912 by Kurt Berndt (1863-1925), stretched from Belle-Alliance-Platz to Lindenstrasse and Alten Jakobstrasse Lindenstrasse 3, until 1933 as a location for the party executive, party school and archive as well as the publishing house, printer and bookstore of Vorwärts . The purchase was mainly financed by party members through collections. The complex, which was badly damaged by the effects of the war, was in West Berlin in 1945 . After the re-establishment of the SPD in the Soviet occupation zone in June 1945, the party executive was located in the Jonaß department store in the Soviet sector until it disappeared as a result of the compulsory merger of the SPD and KPD into the SED in April 1946 . The SPD, which continued to exist in West Germany and Berlin, had its headquarters in Hanover and, from 1951, in Bonn . She sold the building in 1962. According to the official map of the building damage in 1945, the component on Lindenstrasse was considered “damaged and rebuildable.” It was demolished in favor of the new construction of Mehringplatz in the same year.

From 1864 to 1961, the main fire station for Berlin was located at Lindenstrasse 40/41 (today: part of Axel-Springer-Strasse), i.e. the seat of the fire director and fire engines to protect the palace and the ministries. The building has been preserved, the exits of the horse-drawn fire engines can still be seen. In the courtyard of the main fire station in Lindenstrasse, the "burning of pictures" took place on March 20, 1939, the destruction of thousands of works of art of so-called " degenerate art ". In 1961 the main fire station was finally given up; for East Berlin she moved to Voltairestrasse in Mitte , for West Berlin to Charlottenburg-Nord . The building is now the center of the district.

During the Second World War , the buildings on the street were largely destroyed. Only a few houses were left, even if some were badly damaged, such as the Victoria building with Otto Gerstenberg's collection of paintings . According to reports, the fire brigade on Lindenstrasse was on duty for four days to put out the fires. Due to the effects of the war, a large number of companies in the graphics industry that had settled in the former newspaper district were destroyed. An investigation by the foundation “Remembrance, Responsibility and Future” showed that people were used for forced labor in a large number of companies along Lindenstrasse , for example in the warehouse of the Kodak company , for work in the cemeteries of the one that was closed in 1934 and that of the Romanian Orthodox in 1941 Congregation sold Jerusalemskirche or in a common forced labor camp of the companies Telefunken , Deutscher Verlag , Scherl-Verlag and AEG .

In the course of the redevelopment of the district, some cross streets were redesigned . When the Axel Springer high-rise was built from 1959 to 1965, this affected the southern section of Jerusalemer Strasse and the An der Jerusalemer Kirche. With the construction of the Berlin Wall, this part of Berlin sank into a deep slumber . Many preserved and ruined houses were finally demolished (including the ruins of the Jerusalem Church and the Lindenstrasse synagogue by Cremer & Wolffenstein, which, after renaming the northern section of the street, would have Axel-Springer-Strasse 44 as its address and the remains of it as an open-air memorial sheet in the courtyard and passage of the former office building of the confection company Fischbein & Mendel can be seen as a place of memory of the Barmer Ersatzkasse ). Like Wilhelmstrasse , the southern end of Lindenstrasse was swiveled and lost direct access to Mehringplatz due to the construction of a new residential area. The "swing (every inch what is called ' Schwedlerismus '' in Berlin, namely the aestheticization of the car-friendly city in the kidney-shaped style )" also established the connection to Zossener Strasse. The connection to Enckestrasse was cut in 1963 when the new flower wholesale market was built . In 1970 the cross-connection of Junkerstraße was discontinued, but it is now passable again as a pedestrian promenade.

In 1971 there was an attempt to escape : The GDR citizen Bernd Sievert tried to reach Lindenstrasse and was held back in the eastern sector by border guards who were seriously injured with 43 shots.

Jewish Museum and residential park at the Berlin Museum (far right), above Lindenstrasse

In the late 1980s, the International Building Exhibition saw a change in awareness. In the outskirts of West Berlin , social housing construction was primarily promoted. The aim was to regain the neglected areas as residential areas. The two sub-centers in the eastern sector with its historic city center and the new City West were to be connected to one another by a “city ribbon”. This band was provided for in the zoning and building use plan until 1986 . Due to the “political consolidation of the division of Berlin into two parts, the lack of development potential of the enclosed city and the decentralized, polycentric urban structure, the idea of ​​the“ city band ”could not be realized. Despite the traditional importance of this urban area for the whole city, its outskirts to the West Berlin city center became increasingly clear. "

Nevertheless, in the course of the IBA, large apartment buildings by well-known architects, such as by Hans Kollhoff or the Kreuzberg Tower by John Hejduk , member of the New York Five architectural group , were built in the nearby corner of Charlottenstrasse and Besselstrasse. The residential park at the Berlin Museum was also built around this time. This was intended to result in an “urban reorganization of the eastern edge of southern Friedrichstadt in the area of ​​tension between the Wilhelmine building parts of the former Victoria Insurance, the baroque Berlin Museum and the warehouse of the glass cooperative”. The project was awarded a gold plaque in 1983/1984 as part of the federal competition “Citizens, it's about your community”. From 1980 to 1986, Hans Kollhoff created several residential buildings on the corner of Lindenstrasse and Alte Jakobstrasse that pick up on both the urban planning tradition of the 19th century and modern trends in architecture. The closed effect of the clinker facade is intended to bring it closer to the adjacent Victoria building.

In the course of the construction work on the Libeskind building and the Kollegienhaus, another cross street, Hollmannstraße, was redesigned as a connection on September 15, 1993.

Attractions

From the north (Rudi-Dutschke- corner Oranienstraße) to the south (Zossener Straße)
  • Jerusalem Church: Only the floor plan of the original church is preserved. The oldest church in Friedrichstadt from 1481 was destroyed in the USAAF air raid on February 3, 1945 and the ruins were blown up in March 1961. Today, red stones embedded in the asphalt at the intersection of Rudi-Dutschke-Strasse and Oranienstrasse are a reminder of this place of worship. In 1968, a new building by Sigrid Kressmann-Zschach was built on the corner of Lindenstrasse and Markgrafenstrasse .
Black Sun Press statue by Rolf Szymanski
  • Stumbling blocks : the two memorial plaques set into the floor commemorate Clara Rosenbaum and Margarethe Lesser, who were deported to Riga in 1942 and murdered. The stones are located at the intersection of Lindenstrasse and Rudi-Dutschke-Strasse.
  • Galeriehaus Lindenstrasse 34/35: A number of gallery owners have moved into the former building of the Merkur department store , which also housed Lufthansa and asylum seekers in the 1990s . The Konrad Fischer gallery , which shows works by the American sculptor Carl Andre , shared the building with the Swede Claes Nordenhake's gallery until 2018, with the Jarla Partilager private collection of the Swedish entrepreneur Gerard de Geer until 2016 and with the Żak Branicka gallery, which opened in 2019 moved out of the building. The KOW and Persons Projects galleries are currently located in the building. The gallery regularly takes part in the Gallery Weekend Berlin event.
  • Bronze statue Black Sun Press by Rolf Szymanski with the dimensions 177 cm × 69 cm × 88.5 cm from the years 1969 to 1973. The statue represents a person who was formed by life. His individual experiences form into sometimes grotesque deepenings of his body. The statue presents itself to the viewer defenseless and vulnerable, an example of ephemeral architecture made of “sensual carnality”. The statue, like a large advertisement on Markgrafenstrasse, is intended to refer to the Berlinische Galerie , which is located on the back of Lindenstrasse.
  • Opposite the statue is the Kreuzberghaus zum Alten Fritz , a high-rise from the 1960s. It is named after a restaurant of the same name that was located on Zimmerstrasse. It was created at the instigation of Axel Springer after houses in Zimmerstrasse 46–48 and Lindenstrasse 64–67 were demolished to make room for the Axel Springer high-rise .
  • Victoria House : This building, built by Wilhelm Walter between 1893 and 1913, was once home to Victoria Insurance. It was badly damaged in the USAAF air raid on February 3, 1945 . After the end of the Second World War, the decision was therefore made to relocate the new headquarters to Düsseldorf . In 1979 the insurance company finally sold the building. In the meantime the regional association of Bündnis 90 / Die Grünen , the foundation “Remembrance, Responsibility and Future” and the Aufbau-Verlag were to be found there. Since 2018, it has been converted into a hotel and office building with catering and studio space.
  • Cast iron statue Water Carrier by Rolf Szymanski with a height of 2.39 meters from 1981. Szymanski recalls carrying water as an ancient activity to ensure one's own survival. The figure's extra-long arms allow her to stand firmly and securely in society. The figure goes back to its own story and draws its energy from it. At the same time, it looks to the future and is a symbol of hope and humanity.
The sculpture Nobody by Micha Ullman
  • The sculpture Nobody by Micha Ullman made of iron with the dimensions 320 cm × 320 cm × 260 cm. The Israeli artist, who also designed the memorial to commemorate the book burning on Bebelplatz , wanted with this closed cube to create a work of emptiness and silence in contrast to the noisy city. As a place of remembrance, he presents it as an antithesis to the memorial of the Lindenstrasse synagogue at Axel-Springer-Strasse 44 .
  • Former flower wholesale market in Kreuzberg : After 250 m² in Markthalle II was insufficient for the flower wholesale trade, the first separate hall for flower wholesale , called the sheep stable , was built on the abandoned observatory site in 1922 . While Markthalle II was cleared after it was destroyed in the war, the wholesale flower market moved into a newly built flower hall in Enckestrasse 11. This hall gave way to a larger new building completed in 1965, which also includes parts of the location of Markthalle II and the southern section of Enckestrasse. The flower wholesale market closed in May 2010 and the hall is being converted for an extension of the Jewish Museum. The W. Michael Blumenthal Academy is now housed there. The dealers were able to move to the Beusselstrasse wholesale market hall . Because the subsequent use had not yet been determined in 2008, the hall was used for an art installation "KUNSTINVASION" on May 31 and June 1, 2008 after being temporarily vacated. The aim was to demonstrate a possible subsequent use of the hall by artists. In the opinion of the IBA officials, the building should be demolished at the beginning of the 1980s as part of the restructuring of the inner city as a "planning requirement for urban repairs ". In 1982 the Berlin Senate decided to integrate the hall into the urban development. In 1984 the Senate decided to remove the flower wholesale market from the Lindenstrasse / Friedrichstrasse area in three to five years. However, as insufficient financial resources were available, he revoked this decision two years later.
  • Stumbling block: Another stumbling block is located at the junction to the ETA Hoffmann Promenade. Dorothea Less is remembered here, who was deported to Theresienstadt concentration camp in 1943 and murdered on February 8, 1944.
  • Jewish Museum : The museum provides evidence of over 2000 years of German-Jewish history with permanent and temporary exhibitions. The museum includes the newly built Libeskind building and the Kollegienhaus, once the seat of the colleges of the Mark Chamber Court (1735–1913) and the Mark Consistory (1735–1829 and 1913–1945), later the Berlin Museum (1969–1995). The building of Daniel Libeskind is one of the most visited museums in Berlin.
  • Stumbling block: The last stumbling block on the street is located south of the museum at the entrance to a high-rise building and reminds of Eva Mamlok, who was murdered in the Stutthof concentration camp in December 1944 .
  • House of the German Metal Workers' Association : The building based on a design by Erich Mendelsohn consists of an arch-shaped transverse structure that connects the side wings and looks like part of a gearwheel from the air.
  • Branch of the German Patent and Trademark Office , which until 1945 was located as the Reich Patent Office at the intersection with Gitschiner Straße. The building was badly damaged in the Second World War, but large parts of the documents could be protected from destruction by relocating them in good time. The building is accessible again today as part of the Open Monument Day event .

development

In the 1980s, housing construction was subsidized by the public sector. 30 years later, follow-up funding ceased in around 28,000 households . For some tenants this led to considerable rent increases. This also affects some of the apartments on Lindenstrasse. Some former rental apartments on Lindenstrasse are being offered under the name Feilner Höfe .

The expansion of the Jewish Museum will lead to a further increase in visitor numbers. The museum's program director, Cilly Kugelmann , speaks in this context of eliminating the “disharmonious quarter”. It is questionable whether the emerging aspects of gentrification can be alleviated.

There are also plans to upgrade the Spittelmarkt , for which purpose Axel-Springer-Strasse - as it was until 1961 under the name Lindenstrasse - was linked to Leipziger Strasse . The four-lane expansion of Axel-Springer-Straße leads, in the opinion of the Association for the Environment and Nature Conservation of Germany (BUND), to exceeding the limit values ​​for noise, fine dust and nitrogen dioxide . He therefore called for the expansion of four lanes to be avoided and for traffic calming measures to be taken, especially in Zossener Strasse .

Film and television recordings

On November 10, 2010, Claussen + Wöbke + Putz film production carried out shooting for the movie Offroad in Lindenstrasse in cooperation with ZDF . The film with Nora Tschirner and Elyas M'Barek tells the story of Meike, who finds 50 kilograms of cocaine in the side panel of her jeep that she has bought and then turns her previous life upside down. The premiere took place on January 9, 2012 in Berlin.

traffic

Lindenstrasse is connected to public transport by bus line 248 ( Ostbahnhof - Breitenbachplatz via Südkreuz ), which has three stops on this street (from north to south): Oranienstrasse, Jewish Museum and Franz-Klühs-Strasse. Friedrichstraße runs parallel to Lindenstraße with the U6 underground line , whose Kochstraße underground station is northwest of Lindenstraße.

Already in the course of the International Building Exhibition (IBA) there were considerations to set up a separate cycle lane . However, the project was not implemented. In 2007, the Berlin Senate stated in a small question to MP Claudia Hämmerling that there was at least a plan for such a cycle lane.

In the 1930s, Lindenstrasse was to be connected to the East-West S-Bahn in connection with the expansion of Berlin into the “ World Capital Germania ” and to have its own train station. The project was not implemented.

Others

Lindenstrasse is used by the Berlin-Brandenburg State Institute for Schools and Media (LISUM) to give schoolchildren access to the German-Jewish past as part of a historical city tour. In a total of 16 chapters, the students can view materials and assignments on the Internet and thus take a “virtual tour of the city” in Lindenstrasse.

See also

literature

  • Arnt Cobbers: Architecture Guide - The 100 Most Important Berlin Buildings . 5th edition. Jaron Verlag, Berlin 2006, ISBN 978-3-89773-135-6 .
  • International Building Exhibition Berlin 1987 - Project overview . Building exhibition Berlin GmbH, Berlin 1987.
  • Experiment living - Concept Ritterstrasse . 1st edition. Archibook, Berlin 1981, ISBN 3-88531-105-4 .
  • Daniela Gauding: The Lindenstrasse synagogue . Hentrich & Hentrich Verlag, Berlin 2013, ISBN 978-3-942271-92-9 .

Web links

Commons : Lindenstrasse  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Kreuzberger Chronik 2008, issue 94 . Retrieved October 21, 2010.
  2. ↑ a b On the history of Lindenstrasse on the Berlin-Brandenburg education server. Retrieved October 21, 2010.
  3. ↑ a b Topographischer Atlas Berlin: Unabridged study edition , Senate Department for Building and Housing Berlin / Department of Surveying (Ed.), Dietrich Reimer, Berlin 1995, ISBN 3-496-02660-X , p. 73.
  4. ↑ a b Berlin address book - 1915: Using official sources , Scherl, Berlin 1915, part III, p. 515.
  5. ↑ Kathrin Chod, Herbert Schwenk, Hainer Weißpflug: Berlin district lexicon: Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg . Haude & Spener / Edition Luisenstadt, Berlin 2003, ISBN 3-7759-0474-3 , p. 389.
  6. ^ Maren Krüger: Book production in exile: Der Klal-Verlag . In: Jews in Kreuzberg: Finds, Fragments, Memories , Berliner Geschichtswerkstatt e. V. (Hrsg.) Published as a catalog for the exhibition “Jews in Kreuzberg: Finds, Fragments, Memories” in the Kreuzberg Museum, October 18 to December 29, 1991, Edition Hentrich, Berlin 1991, ISBN 3-89468-002-4 (= German past, sites of the history of Berlin; vol. 55), pp. 421–426, here: p. 425.
  7. ↑ Encke Square . In: Street name lexicon of the Luisenstädtischer Bildungsverein
  8. ↑ Facsimile excerpt from land registry plan in Andreas Hallen (Red.): The SPD in Berlin. Sections of a common story. (Catalog for the exhibition in the Willy-Brandt-Haus from May 16 to July 5, 1996, p. 9)
  9. ↑ Map of the building damage 1945, accessible via "Start" and "Historical maps / building damage 1945", publisher: Senate Department for Urban Development Berlin
  10. ↑ On the building see Hartwig Beseler , Niels Gutschow: Kriegsschicksale Deutscher Architektur. Loss - damage - reconstruction. Documentation for the territory of the Federal Republic of Germany . Volume I: Nord, Wachholtz, Neumünster 1988, ISBN 3-529-02685-9 , p. 161 f.
  11. ↑ alte-feuerwache.de
  12. ^ Leaflet of the Initiative Historisches Zeitungsviertel (PDF; 354 ​​kB), accessed May 15, 2011.
  13. ↑ Forced labor was everywhere - places of Nazi forced labor around Berlin's Lindenstrasse . Foundation EVZ
  14. ↑ At the Jerusalem Church . In: Street name lexicon of the Luisenstädtischer Bildungsverein
  15. ^ Dieter Hoffmann-Axthelm : From Anhalter Bahnhof to the Schlesisches Tor - for city hikers . In: Guideline: Projects, Data, History , Reporting Year 1984, Senator for Building and Housing / International Building Exhibition Berlin 1984–1987, Berlin 1984, pp. 73–135, here p. 83. No ISBN.
  16. ↑ Junkerstrasse . In: Street name lexicon of the Luisenstädtischer Bildungsverein
  17. ↑ International building exhibition . In: District lexicon of the Luisenstädtischer Bildungsverein
  18. ↑ Internationale Bauausstellung Berlin 1987 - project overview , Internationale Bauausstellung 1984–1987 Berlin (Ed.), Berlin: Bauausstellung Berlin GmbH, 1987, p. 92. No ISBN.
  19. ↑ Housing Prototypes website. ( Memento of the original from May 8, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved October 4, 2010 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / housingprototypes.org
  20. ^ Website Architecture in Berlin. Retrieved October 4, 2010
  21. ↑ a b Internationale Bauausstellung Berlin 1987 - project overview , Internationale Bauausstellung 1984–1987 Berlin (Hrsg.), Berlin: Bauausstellung Berlin GmbH, 1987, p. 178. No ISBN.
  22. ↑ Hollmannstrasse . In: Street name lexicon of the Luisenstädtischer Bildungsverein
  23. ^ Website of the Jerusalem Church. Retrieved October 4, 2010
  24. ↑ kunstmarkt.com. Retrieved October 4, 2010
  25. ↑ The Fischer family moves. Retrieved September 24, 2019 .
  26. ↑ Passion pays off. Retrieved September 24, 2019 .
  27. ↑ Burning interest. Retrieved September 24, 2019 .
  28. ↑ Iron the paper. Retrieved September 24, 2019 .
  29. ↑ These Berlin galleries will move in spring | Monopoly. Retrieved September 24, 2019 .
  30. ^ INDEX: Persons Projects. Retrieved September 24, 2019 .
  31. ↑ Grupa Łukasz Piec- www.lukaszpiec.pl: Persons Projects. Retrieved September 24, 2019 .
  32. ^ Gallery Weekend Berlin. Retrieved October 4, 2010
  33. ↑ Kreuzberghaus to the old Fritz. From zeitungsviertel.de , accessed on October 19, 2011.
  34. ↑ Felix Henseleit: ... and yet this is still the old scene. The Berlin newspaper district then and now. Special print for the friends of our company (Axel Springer Verlag) . Pp. 15-16, Ullstein, Berlin 1965.
  35. ↑ Illustration of the Victoria building  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. in the architecture picture archive. Retrieved October 8, 2010@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.architektur-bildarchiv.de  
  36. ↑ Information on the dm-aktie.de page. ( Memento of the original from February 12, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved October 8, 2010 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.dm-aktie.de
  37. ^ Website of the regional association Bündnis 90 / Die Grünen. ( Memento of the original from September 26, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved October 8, 2010 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / gruene-berlin.de
  38. ↑ Description ( Memento of the original from March 5, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. of the Berlinische Galerie. Retrieved October 6, 2010 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.berlinischegalerie.de
  39. ↑ Description ( Memento of the original from September 19, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. of the Berlinische Galerie . Retrieved October 6, 2010 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.berlinischegalerie.de
  40. ↑ Kreuzberg flower wholesale market . In: District lexicon of the Luisenstädtischer Bildungsverein
  41. ↑ a b c Kreuzberg flower wholesale market will soon be history: The Senate has decided to move to the wholesale market on Beusselstrasse. The district is surprised and angry . In: Der Tagesspiegel , January 30, 2006.
  42. ↑ Packing in the flower wholesale market . In: Der Tagesspiegel , May 15, 2010.
  43. ^ Initiative Berliner Kunsthalle. Retrieved October 6, 2010
  44. ↑ a b Internationale Bauausstellung Berlin 1987 - project overview , Internationale Bauausstellung 1984–1987 Berlin (ed.), Berlin: Bauausstellung Berlin GmbH, 1987, p. 160. No ISBN.
  45. ↑ Press release of the Berlin Senate Administration from December 21, 2005. Accessed October 4, 2010
  46. ↑ On the history of the union building (PDF) IG Metall administration office Berlin. Retrieved October 4, 2010
  47. ↑ On the history of the DPMA. Retrieved October 4, 2010
  48. ↑ Dusted off ideas in the patent office. In: Der Tagesspiegel , September 12, 2010.
  49. ↑ tenants magazine of the German Tenants edition 4/03. Retrieved October 4, 2010
  50. ^ Website of the Berlin Social Tenants Alliance . Retrieved October 4, 2010
  51. ↑ Feilner Höfe. ( Memento of the original from August 8, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved October 4, 2010 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.feilnerhoefe.de
  52. ^ Libeskind expands the Jewish Museum Berlin . In: Der Tagesspiegel , May 12, 2010.
  53. ^ Information from May 18, 1999 from the Berlin Senate Department for Urban Development. Retrieved October 4, 2010
  54. ^ BUND statement on the noise reduction plan in Berlin.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 119 kB) Retrieved October 4, 2010@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.bund-berlin.de  
  55. ↑ ZDF press portal on production. Accessed on November 10, 2010.
  56. ↑ Nora Tschirner is now off-road. In: Berliner Zeitung , January 9, 2012, accessed on February 13, 2012.
  57. ↑ Expert opinion on the possibilities of bicycle traffic planning in Berlin-Kreuzberg . Retrieved October 21, 2010.
  58. ↑ Planning of bicycle lanes on main roads . Retrieved from the BMVBS website on October 21, 2010.
  59. ↑ Lindenstrasse on the Berlin-Brandenburg education server; Retrieved December 5, 2011.

Coordinates: 52 ° 30 ′ 7 ″  N , 13 ° 23 ′ 40 ″  E