Tobias Feilner

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Tobias Feilner , 1840, bust by Ludwig Wilhelm Wichmann
The laying of the foundation stone , terracotta slab based on a design by Karl Friedrich Schinkel from the Berlin Building Academy from the manufacture of Cornelius Gormann

Tobias (Christoph) Feilner (born May 19, 1773 in Weiden in the Upper Palatinate ; † April 7, 1839 in Berlin ) was a German master potter and manufacturer of pottery ( bricks , terracottas , shaped stones ) and ceramic ovens .

Life

Tobias Christoph Feilner was born on May 19, 1773 as the third of ten children of master potter and councilor Philipp Heinrich Feilner and his wife Susanne, née. Igl, born in Weiden in the Upper Palatinate . He learned the pottery trade from his father and went on a journey in 1791, which initially took him to Mannheim . There he came into contact with his great uncle Simon Feilner , who had been director of the Palatinate porcelain manufacturer Frankenthal since 1775 . This imparted to him basic knowledge about the operation of a ceramic factory. After working in the faience factories of Alzey in Rheinhessen and von Flörsheim in the ore monastery of Mainz , he temporarily found work in the faience factories in Wiesbaden and Kassel. From December 1792 to the summer of 1793 he worked for the master potter Christian Leberecht Thomas in Dresden.

With the support of the Prussian ambassador in Dresden , he was poached by Gottfried Höhler in Berlin. Hohler ran a Zuckerformen- and oven workshop in rabbits Heger in Berlin, later, on 10 February 1848 at the initiative of King . Frederick William IV in Feilnerstraße has been renamed. The pottery owner initially only used Feilner as a modeller, from 1797 also as a technical foreman. In 1804 Tobias Feilner received a royal patent on encaustic painting , a ceramic incrustation technique for creating precise decorations on pottery and tiles. Höhler then granted him the partnership and finally withdrew completely from operational management in 1809 .

After Höhler's death, Feilner took over the company on his own account in 1812. In 1817, he expanded the company premises by purchasing land and building a new large factory building. The workforce increased to an average of 120 employees. The products of his pottery factory were an essential prerequisite for the revival of Prussian brick architecture by Karl Friedrich Schinkel . The first building cottons were made in 1819. Feilner supplied the Friedrichswerder Church in Berlin and the Kaiser Wilhelm Palais on Unter den Linden boulevard . Schinkel and Feilner jointly developed the strict form of the Berlin tiled stove around 1810 , which was established in large parts of Germany by the middle of the 19th century. Deliveries of such tiled stoves went mainly to princely and noble building projects, but also to the wealthy bourgeoisie. Feilner's tiled stoves can still be found in Tegel Castle and in the residential castles of Altenburg , Fulda , Gotha and Weimar and many others. Deliveries were also made to the Munich Residence , London , Petersburg and Rome . Until after 1850, this company was considered the largest German manufacturer of stove tiles.

Feilner was Ernst March's teacher . As a member of the Prussian trade association, the Berlin commercial corporation and the Masonic lodge Zum Widder , he was involved in commercial and social issues. His extensive circle of friends included mainly architects, artists and civil servants, such as Peter Wilhelm Beuth and Gottfried Schadow . One of his sons-in-law was the sculptor Ludwig Wichmann , who, in addition to the well-known Feilner bust, also made numerous models for terracotta work. Feilner achieved great recognition through his commercial activity and his technical knowledge. In 1822 and 1827 he successfully participated in the Prussian trade exhibitions in Berlin.

Tobias Feilner married Charlotte Sophie Pausewang on July 11, 1800. The marriage had five children between 1801 and 1809. But only the two daughters Charlotte Feilner (* 1804, married to the doctor Theodor Kunde) and Amalie Feilner (1806–1876, married to Ludwig Wichmann) reached adulthood. A tenement house built by Feilner ( Feilnersches Wohnhaus ) was designed by Schinkel; Schinkel took parts of these drafts into his collection of architectural drafts as sheets 113 and 114.

Tobias Feilner died on April 7, 1839 at the age of 65 in Berlin and was buried in the Luisenstadt cemetery . His grave has not been preserved.

After 1839 Friedrich Ferdinand Friese continued the company for Feilner's heirs; In 1860 he bought the factory. After he died in 1868, his widow dissolved the company in the spring of 1870.

Works

literature

  • Oskar Gromodka:  Feilner, Tobias Christoph. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 5, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1961, ISBN 3-428-00186-9 , p. 59 ( digitized version ).
  • Jan Mende: Feilner after Feilner. The pottery factory under the successors of Tobias Feilner. In: Yearbook City Museum Berlin Foundation. 9, Berlin 2003, pp. 167-184.
  • Jan Mende: iron and terracotta. Technical and artistic parallels. In: Charlotte Schreiter, Albrecht Pyritz (Ed.): Berliner Eisen. The Royal Iron Foundry Berlin. On the history of a Prussian company. Hannover 2007, ISBN 978-3-86525-039-1 , pp. 171-186.
  • Jan Mende: The Tobias Chr. Feilner pottery factory in Berlin. Art and Industry in Schinkel's Age. Berlin / Munich 2013, ISBN 978-3-422-07207-7 .

Web links

Commons : Tobias Feilner  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Digital copies at Heidelberg University Library , sheet 113 , sheet 114 ; Images of the house are digitized at the Architekturmuseum der Technische Universität Berlin , see project page Karl Friedrich Schinkel: Haus Feilner, Berlin-Kreuzberg ; accessed May 16, 2016.
  2. ^ Hans-Jürgen Mende: Lexicon of Berlin tombs . Haude & Spener, Berlin 2006. p. 78.
personal data
SURNAME Feilner, Tobias
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Feilner, Tobias Christoph
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German pottery manufacturer
DATE OF BIRTH May 19, 1773
PLACE OF BIRTH Willows in the Upper Palatinate
DATE OF DEATH April 7, 1839
Place of death Berlin