Collection of architectural designs
The collection of architectural drafts: containing partly works which have been executed partly objects whose execution was intended is a graphic graphic work by Karl Friedrich Schinkel . With him, Prussia's most important building official was able to convey his architectural intentions to wide circles and thereby also indirectly influence the architectural development of the time. The "Collection of Architectural Drafts" set standards in terms of the high quality of the sheet design, image design and textual description and shaped the representation of architecture in the 19th century. In addition, it established a publishing tradition that continues to this day in architectural circles.
The “Collection of Architectural Drafts”, which is usually abbreviated today as “SAE”, appeared from 1819 to 1840 in 29 deliveries in booklet form in folio format with mostly an explanatory sheet and six illustration panels in a uniform sheet format of 41.5 × 53 cm. The notebooks had a blue cover with a title. Of the total of 174 plates, 171 were copper engravings, later contour etchings and three lithographs (plates 171, 173 and 174 of the first edition).
History of origin
Until he became a construction officer in 1810 through Wilhelm von Humboldt's mediation, Schinkel had only occasionally been able to work as an architect and made his living mainly through diagrams, dioramas and paintings. Only after the Napoleonic Wars , i.e. from 1815 when Schinkel was in his mid-thirties, was he able to continue building. Its first important building was the Neue Wache , built between 1816 and 1818, opposite the royal palace in Berlin.
Accordingly, Schinkel began the first delivery of the collection of architectural designs in 1819 with an alternative design and the execution design of the guard (four panels in total). One plaque was dedicated to a design for the Berlin City Hall and a design for a national monument in the form of a fountain on Schlossplatz. The floor plan of the Berlin City Hall was on the lower third of the fourth panel for the guard. This cross-panel representation of a building design is unique within the SAE and should probably be viewed as an uncertainty in the early days of panel design.
Already in this first issue, Schinkel dealt with realized buildings and designs on an equal footing. Schinkel kept this principle until his death. Realized buildings were not published until after they had been completed. The six panels of the 6th issue from 1825 show the museum, which only opened in 1830 .
Not all drawings were created for publication in the Architectural Design Collection. For example, Schinkel used the perspective diagram of the theater , which he had drawn around 1818/19, for publication in Volume 2, 1821, Plate 1. The drawing was, however, made for the SAE by Otto leaving out the rubble and clouds.
The panels, which at first glance seem a bit sober today, turn out to be extremely attractive on closer inspection and, in the alternation of perspective exterior views, interior perspectives, elevations, floor plans, sectional drawings and detailed reproductions, are very diverse in their presentation. This seemingly rational representation method generally dispenses with the drama of lighting, as it was to become typical for the second half of the century and was also used by Schinkel's teacher Friedrich Gilly .
The issues were published at irregular intervals, such as 1819, 1821, 1823, 1824 (2 issues), 1825, 1826 (5 issues), 1827, 1828, 1829 (4 issues), 1831 (2 issues), 1833 (2 issues) ), 1834, 1835 (2 issues), 1836, 1838 and 1840 (2 issues). It is not known that Schinkel had designed other booklets, the realization of which would have been prevented by his inability to work due to illness.
The collection of architectural designs was just one of Schinkel's publication projects. It is to be seen in connection with the "Works of higher architecture", "Role models for interns and craftsmen", "Schinkel's furniture designs", "Decorations at the two royal theaters in Berlin" and others with which Schinkel - in cooperation with Peter Beuth - tried to reform almost all areas of art. The collection of architectural designs remained at the heart of these publications and had the greatest impact.
Schinkel evidently increasingly identified his architectural work with this publication, because on his numerous (business) trips he always carried a portfolio of the collection of architectural designs with him.
Even after Schinkel's death, the collection of architectural designs enjoyed great popularity. Thus three editions were published posthumously, two of which are available in modern reprints: Potsdam edition: Ferdinand Riegel, 1841–45; Potsdam edition: Ferdinand Riegel, 1852 (41 × 50.5 cm); Berlin edition: Ernst and Korn, 1858 (41 × 50 cm); Reprint edition Berlin, Chicago: Exedra Books, 1981 (64 × 50 cm); Reprint of the Potsdam, Nördlingen edition: Dr. Alfons Uhl, 2006 (37.8 × 28.6 cm).
The collection of architectural designs is digitized and available online via the websites of the Heidelberg University Library (HEIDI) and the Berlin State Museums (see web links).
Schinkel's drawings
All the tables were designed by Schinkel. Berger and Otto are named as draftsmen on only eight panels. Probably the remaining 166 panels were drawn by Schinkel himself, even if this is only noted on 105 panels, because Schinkel's own drawings have been preserved for some of the panels without the name of the artist.
Most of the 174 panels are combinations of individual drawings of various kinds. There are 56 panels with only one drawing. In total, there are around 440 drawings that have been positioned on the panel in a complicated but well thought-out way. Of these, 54 are exterior perspectives, 20 interior perspectives, 101 elevations (including wall and ceiling elevations), 97 floor plans, 61 sections, 101 details and 7 site plans. The individual drawings have very different degrees of detailing, from a summary facade structure to the specification of individual stones in the exposed brick construction.
The ratio of landscape to portrait formats of the boards (with landscape format of the booklets) is almost balanced at 90 to 84. Strangely enough, some of the plates show a somewhat inadequate ratio of small image field to sheet size. This particularly applies to panels 1, 2, 27, 28, 33, 34, 85.
Schinkel was extremely talented both in drawing and painting. This is particularly evident in the perspective diagrams, such as those of the museum, the theater and the building academy . These are pen drawings over graphite pencil preliminary drawings. Some of the perspectives are washed, which enhances the painterly effect. However, this effect was reduced by implementing it as a stitch.
But the pure line drawings are also of high quality. In 2012, Andreas Haus, who has been recognized as a Schinkel specialist, assesses the particularity of the drawings as follows: “[…] In his collection of architectural designs […] Schinkel has found and expanded a unique graphic mode of representation. The buildings sometimes appear materialless, incorporeal in the subtle cooling of the drawing board line, which is appropriate for construction drawings, and which is also particularly clearly realized in the print versions. Decorative and tectonic lineature become equivalent. The aesthetics of the increasingly shadowless line spun into pictorial networks. Details such as profiles, joints and decors line up and fan out the structural elements to form coherent, rhythmic patterns that merge flatly into one another. Not infrequently, the graphic pattern expands beyond the tectonic and continues into the surrounding nature. Pointedly one could say: The substrate of Schinkel's architecture lies in the drawing. This is different than in the primarily representational, three-dimensional architecture and architectural drawings of his contemporaries [...]. "
Implementation in engraving and lithography
Numerous engravers and lithographers were employed to implement the drawings for publication. According to the panel markings, 20 artists have been handed down by name. 28 plates, all from issue 17 onwards, have no reference to engravers or lithographers.
The simultaneous employment of several engravers for one issue indicates that it is occasionally possible to publish the individual issues as soon as possible. But some of the booklets were engraved by just one artist.
The engravers were very differently involved in the publication. In the nine years he worked for the Architectural Design Collection, Karl Ferdinand Thiele produced almost a third of the total work with 56 panels, while other artists only created one sheet. The engravers also had different degrees of awareness and different professions. For some, only one activity can be proven based on the signature on the engravings. Others are also known biographically as artists. Such was Albert Dietrich Schadow successful as an architect. Eduard Mauch was known as an engraver at the time and was very busy. Johann Conrad Susemihl was Darmstadt's court engraver and publisher of graphic works. The Chodowiecki student Friedrich Jügel taught as a professor, the map engraver Johann Karl Mare and his student Eduard Mandel were recognized as artists.
The corresponding textual explanations by Schinkel are very simply designed in the graphic set. This corresponds to the scarcity of the texts. In them Schinkel only touched on his intention. Detailed explanations have been written for almost no building. The explanations are also extremely cautious in the linguistic style. Schinkel's statements in the SAE are therefore still considered to be a concise characterization of his buildings and designs that is often quoted due to their brevity.
The engravers and lithographers in the order of their activity for the SAE:
- Susemihl, Johann Conrad (1767 - 1846), 4 plates (1819)
- Carl Ferdinand Berger (rewritten 1793–1844), 24 plates (1819–1840)
- Normand (Sohn / fils) (rewritten around 1821 - around 1824), 9 plates (1821–1826)
- Thiele, Karl Friedrich (around 1780 - around 1836), 56 plates (1823–1831)
- Schadow, Albert Dietrich (1797 - 1869), 3 plates (1823/1824)
- Mauch, Eduard (1800 - 1874), 3 plates (1823/24)
- Jügel, Friedrich (1772–1833), 7 plates (1823–1831)
- Jättnig, Ferdinand (rewritten around 1824 - around 1844), 2 plates (1824–1840)
- Schwechten, Friedrich Wilhelm (1796 - 1879), 10 plates (1826–1835)
- Fincke, Hans (1800 - 1849), 4 plates (1826–1833)
- Laurenz, Johann Daniel (around 1770 - after 1832), 2 plates (1828)
- Otto, Johann Samuel (1798 - 1878), 4 plates (1828/1829)
- Mare, Johann Karl (1773 - 1835), 1 plate (1833)
- Mandel, Eduard (1810 - 1882), 5 plates (1833)
- Grüzmacher, Wilhelm (rewritten around 1830 - around 1844), 7 plates (1833–1838)
- Glasbrenner, Theodor (rewritten around 1834 - around 1838), 4 plates (1834–1838)
- Meyer, W. (rewritten 1835), 1 plate (1835)
- Wischneski (rewritten around 1835 - around 1840), 4 plates (1835–1840)
- Loeillot, W. (rewritten around 1840 - around 1876), 1 plate (1840)
- Nikoley, Heinrich (rewritten around 1834 - around 1862), 1 plate (1840)
Order of publication
The collection of architectural drafts is of great importance for researching the reception of Schinkel's architecture, as the engravings published by architects at the time were mostly known before viewing the building, provided that the architects were able to see Schinkel's buildings at all. The first editions in booklet form are only rarely available in collections today, as they were mostly later replaced by the bound editions. Complete sets of the booklets of the first deliveries are also very rare on the art market and fetch prices of around € 12,000 (as of 2014).
For the first delivery and numbering of the panels
The panels of the first two issues were delivered numbered 1–6 (1819) and 7–12 (1821). Issues 3–8 were delivered without the panels being numbered. In 1826 a special delivery of six panels was relocated to the Schauspielhaus as the “second delivery of the second booklet” with connection numbering 13-18. With issue 9, the numbering was resumed and the unnumbered panels of issues 3–8 were given virtual numbers (from 19–53), which were only noted as numbering in the later editions.
In the editions after Schinkel's death, which were mainly published in five volumes, a new series of tables and thus a new, almost binding numbering was carried out. The reason for this was particularly the fact that Schinkel had published the (old) museum in two deliveries that were six years and therefore 62 numbers apart. Two panels were also published for the Bauakademie. In addition, the Schauspielhaus Berlin was published with a second issue in 1826. These panels have been grouped together to create a visual connection. The numbering of the tables that is common today is placed after the list of the first publication in square brackets. It can also be understood in the following short list, which is summarized according to objects. Only the numbering of panels 1 to 41 and 173/74 is identical.
- Booklet 1, Berlin: Wittich 1819, 1 sheet of table explanations and 6 tables.
- 1. Königswache Berlin, first draft (engraved by Susemihl) [No. 1]
- 2. Königswache Berlin, execution draft, perspective (died by Susemihl) [No. 2]
- 3. Königswache Berlin, execution draft, gable relief and frieze zone (died von Berger) [No. 3]
- 4. Königswache Berlin, execution draft, elevation, GR, details and GR design City Hall Berlin (d. Von Susemihl) [No. 4]
- 5. Berlin City Hall, draft, perspective (died by Susemihl) [No. 5]
- 6. National monument (fountain), Berlin, Schlossplatz (died von Berger) [No. 6]
- Booklet 2, Berlin: Wittich 1821, 1 sheet of table explanations and 6 tables.
- 7. Schauspielhaus Berlin, perspective main facade (died by Normand) [No. 7]
- 8. Schauspielhaus Berlin, elevation (died by Normand) [No. 8th]
- 9. Schauspielhaus Berlin, floor plans (died by Normand) [No. 9]
- 10. Schauspielhaus Berlin, Schnitte (died by Normand) [No. 10]
- 11. Schauspielhaus Berlin, perspective side view (died by Normand) [No. 11]
- 12. Schauspielhaus Berlin, Details (died by Normand) [No. 12]
- [No. 13 to 18 see 1826, after booklet 8]
- Booklet 3, Berlin: Wittich 1823, 1 sheet of table explanations and 6 tables.
- 19. Passage Neue Wilhelmstrasse Berlin, floor plan, elevation, rear perspective (died by Thiele) [No. 19]
- 20. Draft Singakademie Berlin, floor plan, elevation, section, details (died by Schadow) [No. 20]
- 21. Draft Singakademie Berlin, perspective, longitudinal section (died by Schadow) [No. 21]
- 22. National monument on the Kreuzberg Berlin, elevation (d. Von Mauch) [No. 22]
- 23. Draft Artillery and Engineering School Berlin, Unter den Linden, elevation, floor plan (died by Jügel) [No. 23]
- 24. Schlossbrücke Berlin, perspective (died von Berger) [No. 24]
- Booklet 4, Berlin: Wittich 1824, 1 sheet of table explanations and 6 tables.
- 25. Tegel Castle, perspective and floor plans (died von Schadow) [No. 25]
- 26. Tegel Castle, elevations and perspective atrium (died by Normand) [No. 26]
- 27. Antonin Hunting Lodge, Perspective of the Outside (died by Thiele) [No. 27]
- 28. Antonin Hunting Lodge, perspective of the hall (died by Thiele) [No. 28]
- 29. Antonin Hunting Lodge, elevation, section, floor plan, details (died by Jügel) [No. 29]
- 30. Elisenbrunnen Aachen, floor plan, elevation, section, ceiling painting, details (died von Mauch) [No. 30]
- Booklet 5, Berlin: Wittich 1824, 1 sheet of table explanations and 6 tables.
- 31. Draft for the Gertraudenkirche on the Spittelmarkt Berlin, floor plan, section (died by Jättnig) [No. 31]
- 32. Draft for the Gertraudenkirche on the Spittelmarkt Berlin, elevation (died by Thiele) [No. 32]
- 33. Draft for the Gertraudenkirche on the Spittelmarkt Berlin, perspective of the interior (died by Mauch) [No. 33]
- 34. Draft for the Gertraudenkirche on the Spittelmarkt Berlin, perspective of the choir (died by Thiele) [No. 34]
- 35. Draft monument by Friedrich the Elder Size at the Lustgarten Berlin in the form of a quadriga (died von Berger) [No. 35]
- 36. Draft Landhaus Behrend Charlottenburg , perspective, elevations, floor plans (died by Thiele) [No. 36]
- Booklet 6, Berlin: Wittich 1825, 1 sheet of table explanations and 6 tables.
- 37. Museum am Lustgarten Berlin, Perspective (died by Thiele) [No. 37]
- 38. Museum am Lustgarten Berlin, floor plans (died by Thiele) [No. 38]
- 39. Museum am Lustgarten Berlin, elevation of the front (died by Thiele) [No. 39]
- 40. Museum am Lustgarten Berlin, cross section (died by Thiele) [No. 40]
- 41. Museum am Lustgarten Berlin, AR, back, details, section staircase. (died by Thiele) [No. 41]
- 42. Museum am Lustgarten Berlin, site plan, building details (died by Jügel) [No. 42]
- Booklet 7, Berlin: Wittich 1826, 1 sheet of table explanations and 6 tables.
- 43. Draft for Krzescowice Castle, floor plan (died by Thiele and Mauch) [No. 54]
- 44. Design for Krzescowice Castle, perspective (died by Thiele) [No. 49]
- 45. Design for Krzescowice Castle, sections of the hall, ceilings (died by Jügel) [No. 53]
- 46. Draft for Krzescowice Castle, room elevations, ceilings (died by Thiele) [No. 52]
- 47. Design for Krzescowice Castle, section, elevations (died by Thiele) [No. 51]
- 48. Design for Krzescowice Castle, cuts (died by Thiele) [No. 50]
- Booklet 8, Berlin: Wittich 1826, 1 sheet of table explanations and 6 tables.
- 55. Draft for the church on Werderschen Markt Berlin, elevations, cuts (died by Thiele) [No. 49]
- 56. Draft for the church on Werderscher Markt Berlin, longitudinal sections, floor plan (died by Thiele) [No. 50]
- 57. Draft for the church on Werderschen Markt Berlin, elevation of the side facade, details (died by Thiele) [No. 51]
- 58. Draft for the church on Werderschen Markt Berlin, perspective of the interior (died by Thiele) [No. 52]
- 53. Potsdamer Tor Berlin, perspective (died von Berger) [No. 59]
- 54. Potsdamer Tor Berlin, elevations, floor plan, site plan, detail (died von Berger) [No. 60]
- “Second booklet, second series”, Berlin: Wittich 1826, 1 sheet of table explanations and 6 tables.
- 13. Schauspielhaus Berlin, perspective of the auditorium (died by Thiele) [No. 13]
- 14. Schauspielhaus Berlin, perspective proscenium and stage foreground (died by Normand) [No. 14]
- 15. Schauspielhaus Berlin, ceiling of the auditorium (died von Berger) [No. 15]
- 16. Schauspielhaus Berlin, concert hall, perspective (died by Thiele) [No. 16]
- 17. Schauspielhaus Berlin, concert hall, longitudinal wall elevation (died by Normand) [No. 17]
- 18. Schauspielhaus Berlin, concert hall, ceiling (died by Schwechten) [No. 18]
- Booklet 9, Berlin: Wittich 1826, 1 sheet of table explanations and 6 tables.
- 55. Scharnhorst tomb at the Invalidenfriedhof Berlin, elevations, perspective (died von Berger) [No. 61]
- 56. Draft for an urban residential building No. 1, elevations, sections (died by Thiele) [No. 62]
- 57. Draft for an urban residential building No 1, floor plans, site plan (died by Thiele) [No. 63]
- 58. Draft for an urban residential building No 2, elevation, perspective vestibule (died by Thiele) [No. 64]
- 59. Draft for an urban residential building No 2, section, floor plan (died by Thiele) [No. 65]
- 60. Draft for a pleasure house near Potsdam, perspective, elevations, floor plan (died by Thiele) [No. 66]
- Booklet 10, Berlin: Wittich 1826, 1 sheet of table explanations and 6 tables.
- 61. Draft for an urban residential building No 3, perspective facade, perspective. Hof (died by Thiele) [No. 67]
- 62. Draft for an urban residential building No 3, elevation, floor plans, sections (died by Thiele) [No. 68]
- 63. Draft for an urban residential building No 4, elevations, perspective vestibule (died by Thiele) [No. 69]
- 64. Draft for an urban residential building No 4, floor plans, section (died by Thiele) [No. 70]
- 65. Draft for an urban residential building No. 5, floor plans (died by Thiele) [No. 71]
- 66. Draft for an urban residential building No. 5, elevation, section (died by Thiele) [No. 72]
- Booklet 11, Berlin: Wittich 1827, 1 sheet of table explanations and 6 tables.
- 67. Draft for the Nikolaikirche Potsdam, elevations, sections, floor plan (died by Thiele) [No. 73]
- 68. Draft of a small church on a square floor plan, elevation, details (died by Thiele) [No. 74]
- 69. Draft of a small church on a square floor plan, section, floor plan (died by Thiele) [No. 75]
- 70. Design of a small church for the Malmedy district, elevation of the facade, cross-section (died by Thiele) [No. 76]
- 71. Draft small church for the Malmedy district, side elevation, longitudinal section, floor plan (died by Thiele) [No. 77]
- 72. Design of a small church with a tower, elevations, cross-section, floor plan (died by Thiele) [No. 78]
- Issue 12, Berlin: Wittich 1828, 1 sheet of table explanations and 6 tables.
- 73. Draft Theater Hamburg, floor plans (died by Thiele) [No. 79]
- 74. Design Theater Hamburg, elevation of the main facade (died by Laurenz) [No. 80]
- 75. Draft Theater Hamburg, detail of facade axis (died by Laurenz) [No. 81]
- 76. Design Theater Hamburg, elevation of the longitudinal facade, sections (died by Thiele) [No. 82]
- 77. Draft Theater Hamburg, proscenium with perspective as a stage curtain (died von Schwechten) [No. 83]
- 78. Civil casino Potsdam, elevation, floor plan, sections (died by Otto) [No. 84]
- Issue 13, Berlin: Wittich 1829, 1 sheet of table explanations and 6 tables.
- 79. Friedrichswerder Church Berlin, Perspective (died by Thiele) [No. 85]
- 80. Friedrichswerder Church Berlin, elevation facade, floor plan (died by Thiele) [No. 86]
- 81. Friedrichswerder Church Berlin, Sections (died by Thiele) [No. 87]
- 82. Friedrichswerder Church Berlin, interior perspective (died by Thiele) [No. 88]
- 83. Friedrichswerder Church Berlin, double portal (died by Thiele) [No. 89]
- 84. Friedrichswerder Church Berlin, window (died by Thiele) [No. 90]
- Booklet 14, Berlin: Wittich 1829, 1 sheet of table explanations and 6 tables.
- 85. Straupitz Church, floor plan, cross-sections, details (died by Thiele) [No. 91]
- 86. Straupitz Church, elevations, longitudinal section (died by Thiele) [No. 92]
- 87. Church design Oranienburger Vorstadt No 1, elevation, floor plan (died by Thiele) [No. 93]
- 88. Church design Oranienburger Vorstadt No 1, elevation, section (died by Thiele) [No. 94]
- 89. Church design Oranienburger Vorstadt No 2, elevation, cross-section, floor plan (died by Thiele) [No. 95]
- 90. Draft church Oranienburger Vorstadt No 2, elevation, longitudinal section (died by Thiele) [No. 96]
- Booklet 15, Berlin: Wittich 1829, 1 sheet of table explanations and 6 tables.
- 91. Church design Oranienburger Vorstadt No 3, perspective, floor plan (died by Thiele) [No. 97]
- 92. Draft church Oranienburger Vorstadt No 3, elevation, cross section (died by Thiele) [No. 98]
- 93. Draft church Oranienburger Vorstadt No 3, longitudinal section, elevation (died by Thiele) [No. 99]
- 94. Draft church Oranienburger Vorstadt No 4, elevation (d. Von Schwechten) [No. 100]
- 95. Draft church Oranienburger Vorstadt No 4, section (died by Jügel) [No. 101]
- 96. Draft church Oranienburger Vorstadt No 4, details, floor plan (died von Berger) [No. 102]
- Issue 16, Berlin: Wittich 1829, 1 sheet of table explanations and 6 tables.
- 97. Draft church Oranienburger Vorstadt No 5, perspective (died by Thiele) [No. 103]
- 98. Draft church Oranienburger Vorstadt No 5, elevation (died by Thiele) [No. 104]
- 99. Church design Oranienburger Vorstadt No 5, section (died by Otto) [No. 105]
- 100. Church design Oranienburger Vorstadt No 5, details, floor plan (died by Otto) [No. 106]
- 101. Draft Gesellschaftshaus Magdeburg, perspective, elevation (died by Otto) [No. 107]
- 102. Draft Gesellschaftshaus Magdeburg, section, floor plans (died by Thiele) [No. 108]
- Issue 17, Berlin: Wittich 1831, 1 sheet of table explanations and 6 tables.
- 103. Museum am Lustgarten Berlin, perspective stairwell (died by Fincke) [No. 43]
- 104. Museum am Lustgarten Berlin, Perspective Rotunda (died by Jügel) [No. 44]
- 105. Museum am Lustgarten Berlin, details columns, pillars, ceilings (died by unknown) [No. 45]
- 106. Museum am Lustgarten Berlin, sculptural decoration of the roof zone (died von Jügel) [No. 46]
- 107. Museum am Lustgarten Berlin, capitals of the columns and pillars (died von Fincke) [No. 47]
- 108. Museum am Lustgarten Berlin, ceilings of the sculpture halls (died by unknown) [No. 48]
- Issue 18, Berlin: Wittich 1831, 1 sheet of table explanations and 6 tables.
- 109. Charlottenhof near Potsdam, perspective from the exedra, site plan (died by unknown) [No. 109]
- 110. Charlottenhof near Potsdam, perspective portico, elevation Exedra (died of unknown) [No. 110]
- 111. Charlottenhof near Potsdam, Perspectives of the Exterior View (died by unknown) [No. 111]
- 112. Charlottenhof near Potsdam, elevations, sections (died by unknown) [No. 112]
- 113. Feilnerhaus Berlin, elevation, floor plan, details (died by unknown) [No. 113]
- 114. Feilnerhaus Berlin, facade axis (died by Thiele) [No. 114]
- Issue 19, Berlin: Duncker and Humblot 1833, 1 sheet of table explanations and 6 tables.
- 115. Draft Friedrichsdenkmal Trajanssäule Opernplatz, perspective, site plan, site plan Lustgarten (died von Fincke) [No. 163]
- 116. Draft Friedrichsdenkmal pillar Lustgarten, perspective, elevation, floor plan (died by Fincke) [No. 164]
- 117. Draft Friedrichsdenkmal equestrian statue castle bridge, perspective, site plan (died von Berger) [No. 165]
- 118. Draft Friedrichsdenkmal Quadriga Castle Bridge, perspective, site plan (died by Mare) [No. 166]
- 119. Draft Friedrichsdenkmal temple in front of the palace pharmacy, perspective, site plan (died by Mandel) [No. 167]
- 120. Draft Friedrichsdenkmal pillar-storey tower, perspective, floor plan, detail (died von Berger) [No. 168]
- Booklet 20, Berlin: Duncker and Humblot 1833, 1 sheet of table explanations and 6 tables.
- 121. Bauakademie Berlin, perspective general view (died by Mandel) [No. 115]
- 122. Bauakademie Berlin, site plan, floor plans, section (died by Mandel) [No. 116]
- 123. Bauakademie Berlin, front elevation (d. Von Grüzmacher) [No. 117]
- 124th Bauakademie Berlin, window parapet panels (died by Mandel) [No. 118]
- 125th Bauakademie Berlin, upper floor window (died by Mandel) [No. 119]
- 126. Bauakademie Berlin, right portal (died von Berger) [No. 120]
- Booklet 21, Berlin: Duncker and Humblot 1834, 1 sheet of table explanations and 6 tables.
- 127. Packhof Berlin, perspective of the entire complex (died von Berger) [No. 149]
- 128. Packhof Berlin, floor plan, general elevation, elevations of the directorate house (died by Glasbrenner) [No. 150]
- 129. Packhof Berlin, perspective of a large granary (died von Berger) [No. 151]
- 130. Packhof Berlin, gable head office, elevation and section of large storerooms (died by Glasbrenner) [No. 152]
- 131. Peterhof Chapel (St. Petersburg), elevation, floor plan (died Berger) [No. 153]
- 132. Peterhof Chapel (St. Petersburg), section (died by Schwechten) [No. 154]
- Booklet 22, Berlin: Duncker and Humblot 1834, 1 sheet of table explanations and 6 tables.
- 133. Nikolaikirche Potsdam, front elevation (d. Von Schwechten) [No. 155]
- 134. Nikolaikirche Potsdam, floor plan dome, floor plan church (died by Glasbrenner) [No. 156]
- 135. Nikolaikirche Potsdam, section (died von Berger) [No. 157]
- 136. Nikolaikirche Potsdam, elevation of the side facade (died von Schwechten) [No. 158]
- 137. Elisabethkirche and Johanniskirche Berlin, elevations, floor plans, sections (died von Schwechten) [No. 159]
- 138. Nazareth Church and Paulskirche Berlin, elevations, floor plans, sections (died by Glasbrenner) [No. 162]
- Booklet 23, Berlin: Duncker and Humblot 1835, 1 sheet of table explanations and 6 tables.
- 139. Draft Kurnik Castle, perspective (died von Berger) [No. 127]
- 140. Draft Kurnik Castle, floor plans, top view, roof sections, elevations of the old building (died by Meyer) [No. 128]
- 141. Draft of Kurnik Castle, cuts, details (died by Schwechten) [No. 129]
- 142. Draft Kurnik Castle, elevations (died von Berger) [No. 130]
- 143. Palais Redern Berlin, perspective, floor plan, section, two spatial perspectives, elevation, old building (died by Grüzmacher) [No. 126]
- 144. Guard Dresden, elevations, floor plan (died by Schwechten) [No. 123]
- Issue 24, Berlin: Duncker and Humblot 1835, 1 sheet of table explanations and 6 tables.
- 145. Gärtnervilla Charlottenhof, perspective on the entrance side, floor plan (died by Wischneski) [No. 169]
- 146. Gardener's villa Charlottenhof, perspective courtyard side (died von Berger) [No. 170]
- 147. Gärtnervilla Charlottenhof, details, perspective arbor (died by Grüzmacher) [No. 171]
- 148. Gärtnervilla Charlottenhof, perspective pond side (died von Berger) [No. 172]
- 149. Johanniskirche Berlin, interior perspective (died von Schwechten) [No. 160]
- 150. Elisabethkirche Berlin, interior perspective (died by Grüzmacher) [No. 161]
- Issue 25, or “Latest Series Issue 1”, Berlin: George Gropius, Paris: Veith & Mauser, London: John Weale 1836, 1 sheet of table explanations (German, English, French) and 6 tables.
- 151. Bauakademie Berlin, perspective entry page (died by unknown) [No. 121]
- 152. Bauakademie Berlin, framing of the left portal (died by unbek) [No. 122]
- 153. Berlin observatory, perspective, floor plans, site plan (died by unknown) [No. 141]
- 154. Berlin observatory, gable field, elevation, section, dome details (died by unknown) [No. 142]
- 155. New Gate Berlin, Perspektiven (died by unknown) [No. 147]
- 156. New Gate Berlin, elevation, floor plan, details (died by unknown) [No. 148]
- Issue 26, or “Latest Series Issue 2”, Berlin: George Gropius, Paris: Veith & Mauser, London: John Weale 1838, 1 sheet of table explanations (German, English, French) and 6 tables.
- 157. Draft of the Prinz Wilhelm Palace, Pariser Platz, floor plan, elevation (died by Glasbrenner) [No. 131]
- 158. Draft of the Prinz Wilhelm Palace, Pariser Platz, perspective, elevation, detail, site plan (d. Von Wischneski) [No. 132]
- 159. Draft of the Prinz Wilhelm Palace, Opernplatz, floor plans (died by Grüzmacher) [No. 133]
- 160. Draft of the Prinz Wilhelm palace, Opernplatz, perspective, tear-out, details (died von Berger) [No. 134]
- 161. Draft of the Prinz Wilhelm palace, Unter den Linden, perspective, floor plan (died by Grüzmacher) [No. 135]
- 162. Babelsberg Palace near Potsdam, perspective, floor plan (died von Berger) [No. 136]
- Issue 27, or “Latest Series Issue 3”, Berlin: George Gropius, Paris: Veith & Mauser, London: John Weale 1840, 1 sheet of table explanations (German, English, French) and 6 tables.
- 163. Johanniskirche Zittau, longitudinal section, floor plan (died von Wischneski) [No. 143]
- 164. Johanneskirche Zittau, old building east facade, elevation of east facade, cross section (died von Berger) [No. 144]
- 165. Johanniskirche Zittau, elevation of old tower facade, tower section (died von Wischneski) [No. 145]
- 166. Johanniskirche Zittau, elevation of the new tower facade (died von Berger) [No. 146]
- 167. Draft town hall Zittau, elevations (d. Von Jättnig) [No. 124]
- 168. Draft town hall Zittau, sections, floor plans (died by unknown) [No. 125]
- Issue 28, or “Latest Series Issue 4”, Berlin: George Gropius, Paris: Veith & Mauser, London: John Weale 1840, 1 sheet of table explanations (German, English, French) and 6 tables.
- 169. Glienicke Palace near Potsdam, perspective of the garden side, floor plan, elevations of the old and new buildings (died by unknown) [No. 137]
- 170. Glienicke Palace near Potsdam, perspective casino, elevation, floor plan, room elevations (died by unknown) [No. 138]
- 171. Glienicke Palace near Potsdam, perspective of the right of way, tower, vine arbor, coach house (died by unknown) [No. 139]
- 172. Palais Prinz Carl, Berlin, elevation, floor plan, elevation of the old building, section of stairs, details (died by unknown) [No. # 140]
- 173. Draft country house near Charlottenhof, elevation, five perspectives (lith. By Loeillot) [No. 173]
- 174. Draft country house near Charlottenhof, site plan, section (lith. By Nikoley) [No. 174]
Table series of the posthumous editions
- Text volume of the posthumous editions
- 22 pages of text on 70 buildings and designs
- Volume I of the posthumous editions
- Draft Königswache Berlin, panel 1
- Königswache Berlin / Neue Wache Plate 2–4
- Draft town hall Berlin panel 5
- Draft National Monument Fountain Berlin, panel 6
- Schauspielhaus Berlin panels 7-18
- Passage Neue Wilhelmstrasse Berlin, panel 19
- Draft Singakademie Berlin, panels 20/21
- National monument for the Wars of Liberation on Kreuzberg Berlin, panel 22
- Draft Artillery and Engineering School Berlin, panel 23
- Schlossbrücke Berlin panel 24
- Tegel Castle near Berlin, panel 25/26
- Antonin Hunting Lodge, panels 27–29
- Elisenbrunnen Aachen panel 30
- Draft Gertraudenkirche Spittelmarkt Berlin, panels 31–34
- Draft monument of Friedrich the Elder Size at the Lustgarten panel 35
- Draft Landhaus Behrend Charlottenburg, panel 36
- Museum am Lustgarten Berlin, panels 37–48
- Volume II of the posthumous editions
- Design for the Krzeszowice Castle, panels 49–54
- Draft church on Werderscher Markt Berlin, panels 55–58
- Potsdamer Tor Berlin panel 59/60
- Tomb of Gerhard von Scharnhorst Berlin, Plate 61
- Draft for an urban residential building No 1, panel 62/63
- Draft for an urban residential building No 2, panel 64/65
- Draft for a pleasure house near Potsdam, panel 66
- Draft for an urban residential building No 3, panel 67/68
- Draft for an urban residential building No 4, panel 69/70
- Draft for an urban residential building No 5, panel 71/72
- Draft for the Nikolaikirche Potsdam as a long building, panel 73
- Draft of a small church on a square plan, panel 74/75
- Design of a small church for the Malmedy district, panel 76/77
- Design of a small church with a tower, panel 78
- Draft Theater Hamburg, panels 79–83
- Volume III of the posthumous editions
- Civil casino Potsdam, panel 84
- Friedrichswerder Church Berlin, panels 85–90
- Straupitz Church, panel 91/92
- Church design Oranienburger Vorstadt No 1, plate 93/94
- Church design Oranienburger Vorstadt No 2, plate 95/96
- Church design Oranienburger Vorstadt No 3, panels 97–99
- Draft church Oranienburger Vorstadt No 4 panels 100-102
- Draft church Oranienburger Vorstadt No 5, panels 103-106
- Draft Society House Magdeburg, panel 107/108
- Charlottenhof Palace near Potsdam, panels 109–112
- Feilnerhaus Berlin panel 113/114
- Bauakademie Berlin panels 115–122
- Guard Dresden, panel 123
- Draft town hall Zittau panel 124/125
- Palais Redern Berlin panel 126
- Volume IV of the posthumous editions
- Design for Kurnik Castle, panels 127–130
- Draft Prinz Wilhelm Palace, Pariser Platz, Plate 131/132
- Draft Prince Wilhelm Palace, Opernplatz, plate 133/134
- Draft Prince Wilhelm Palace, Unter den Linden, plate 135
- Babelsberg Palace near Potsdam Plate 136
- Glienicke Palace near Potsdam, panels 137–139
- Palais Prinz Carl panel 140
- Berlin observatory panel 141/142
- Johanniskirche Zittau, panels 143–146
- New Gate Berlin Panel 147/148
- Neuer Packhof Berlin panels 149–152
- Peterhof Chapel (St. Petersburg) Plate 153/154
- Nikolaikirche Potsdam Plate 155–158
- Elisabeth Church and Johanniskirche Berlin, panels 159–161
- Nazareth Church and Paulskirche Berlin, Plate 162
- Draft Friedrichsdenkmal Trajanssäule Opernplatz Plate 163
- Draft Friedrichsdenkmal pillar Lustgarten, plate 164
- Draft Friedrichsdenkmal equestrian statue Schlossbrücke, plate 165
- Draft Friedrichsdenkmal Quadriga Schlossbrücke, Plate 166
- Draft Friedrichsdenkmal temple in front of the palace pharmacy, plate 167
- Draft Friedrichsdenkmal column-storey-tower panel 168
- Gärtnervilla Charlottenhof panels 169–172
- Draft country house near Charlottenhof, panel 173/174
Selection of structures for publication
The collection of architectural designs reveals Schinkel's view of his own architectural work. This shows what he considered exemplary in the buildings and designs. Since Schinkel had less of the self-image of a brilliant architect than that he felt himself to be a style-building construction officer, the collection of architectural drafts included a great number of sample drafts and drafts that were not executed. The 174 panels show a total of 70 buildings (drafts) and monuments, of which 33 were executed objects, 25 drafts that were not executed and 14 sample drafts. The ratio of realized buildings to only designed projects is about half in the collection of architectural drafts.
Executed buildings: Neue Wache Berlin (3 panels) - Schauspielhaus Berlin (12) - Passage Neue Wilhelmstrasse (1) - National Monument on the Kreuzberg (1) - Castle Bridge (1) - Castle Tegel (2) - Schoss Antonin (3) - Elisenbrunnen Aachen (1) - Museum Berlin (12) - Potsdamer Tor (2) - Scharnhorst Tomb (1) - Civil Casino Potsdam (1) - Friedrichswerder Church (6) - Straupitz Church (2) - Charlottenhof Palace near Potsdam (4) - Feilnerhaus Berlin (2) - Bauakademie Berlin (8) - Guard Dresden (1) - Palais Redern Berlin (1) - Glienicke Palace near Potsdam (3) - Palace - Babelsberg near Potsdam (1) - Prince Carl Palace (1) - Berlin observatory (2) - Johanniskirche Zittau (4) - Neues Tor Berlin (2) - Packhof Berlin (4) - Chapel Peterhof (St. Petersburg) (2) - Nikolaikirche Potsdam (4) - Johanniskirche Berlin (1½) - Elisabethkirche Berlin ( 1 ½) - Nazareth Church Berlin (½) - Paulskirche Berlin (½) - Gardener's villa Charlottenhof near Potsdam (4)
Drafts not carried out: First draft Neue Wache (1 panel) - Draft Rathaus Berlin (1) - Draft Monument Fountain Schlossplatz (1) - Draft Singakademie (2) - Draft Artillery and Engineering School Berlin (1) - Draft Gertraudenkirche (4) - Draft Landhaus Behrend (1) - Draft Friedrichsdenkmal as Quadriga (1) - Draft Krzescowice Castle (6) - Draft Werdersche Church (4) - Draft for Nikolaikirche Potsdam as a long building (1) - Draft Hamburg Theater (5) - Draft Gesellschaftshaus Magdeburg (2 ) - Design Zittau City Hall (2) - Design Kurnik Castle (4) - Design Prince Wilhelm Palace, Pariser Platz (2) - Design Prince Wilhelm Palace, Opernplatz (2) - Design Prince Wilhelm Palace, Unter den Linden (1) - Design Country house near Charlottenhof near Potsdam (2) - Draft Friedrichsdenkmal Trajanssäule Opernplatz (1) - Draft Friedrichsdenkmal pillar Lustgarten (1) - Draft Friedrichsdenkmal Reiterstandbild Schlossbrücke (1) - Draft Friedrichsdenkmal Quadriga Schlossbrücke (1) - E Draft Friedrichsdenkmal temple in front of the palace pharmacy (1) - Draft Friedrichsdenkmal pillar-storey tower (1)
Sample drafts: Sample draft Lusthaus near Potsdam (1 panel) - Sample draft urban residential building No. 1 (2) - Sample draft urban residential building No. 2 (2) - Sample draft urban residential building No. 3 (2) - Sample draft urban residential building No. 4 (2) - Sample design urban residential building No. 5 (2) - Sample design small church on a square floor plan (2) - Sample design small church for the Malmedy district (2) - Sample design small church with tower (1) - Sample design church Oranienburger Vorstadt Berlin No 1 (2 ) - Sample Draft Church Oranienburger Vorstadt Berlin No 2 (2) - Sample Draft Church Oranienburger Vorstadt Berlin No 3 (3) - Sample Draft Church Oranienburger Vorstadt Berlin No 4 (3) - Sample Draft Church Oranienburger Vorstadt Berlin No 5 (4)
According to this, Schinkel did not publish many of the buildings he had designed himself in the Architectural Design Collection. For some this is self-explanatory, as the cast iron objects were published by the royal iron foundry. The buildings of the early work ( Pomonatempel Potsdam, Molkenbasilika Bärwinkel , Pavilion Alexisbad , Church Großbeeren ) and the renovation of the Berlin Cathedral were presumably no longer seen by Schinkel as out of date. Purely interior furnishings such as the Crown Prince's apartment in the Berlin Palace, the Kursaal in Lauchstädt , the Goethe Gallery in Weimar and the Palais Prince Albrecht and Prince August in Berlin were apparently completely disregarded.
In view of the numerous sample designs for churches in the Architectural Design Collection, it is not surprising that Schinkel did not include his numerous and very similar church buildings in the Prussian provinces (e.g. Büderich , Meseritz etc.) in the SAE. It is noticeable that the SAE mainly published urban church designs, while the buildings realized by Schinkel and the Oberbaudeputation were mostly designed for small towns and villages. Some of the buildings were published in their corresponding drafts, such as the church in Petzow in the form of the more generously designed church building with a tower on panel 72 (later 78). According to this, around 20 buildings and ten monuments and tombs remain that Schinkel designed himself but apparently deliberately did not publish. These include major works of Schinkel's architectural oeuvre, such as the church and Neuhardenberg Castle, the old town parish church of Königsberg, Kamenz Castle, the New Pavilion (Charlottenburg) , the town hall in Kolberg and the rotunda in Glienicke.
Not in the SAE published buildings and monuments Schinkel: Luis Church Charlottenburg - Church Neuhardenberg - Nicolai Church Magdeburg - Church Krzeszowice (which was carried out contrary to published lock) - Church Zillerthal-Erdmannsdorf - old-urban parish Königsberg - Church Bischmisheim - Castle Kamenz - Neuhardenberg - New pavilion in the Charlottenburg Palace Gardens - Kolberg City Hall - Higher Regional Court Ratibor - Gdansk High School - Military Arrest Berlin - Schweizerhaus Pfaueninsel - Lion Fountain, Curiosity, Rotunda and Jägerhof in Glienicke near Potsdam - Klause near Kastel - Monument Louis Ferdinand Saalfeld - Ottobrunnen Pyritz - Congress Monument Aachen - Mausoleum Gneisenau Sommereschenburg - Neuhardenberg Mausoleum - Niebuhr Bonn Tomb - Delbrück Zeitz Tomb - Haermbstedt Tomb , Berlin - Ancillon Tomb , Berlin and the heavily modified design for the Jenisch Landhaus in Hamburg.
As a senior construction officer, Schinkel designed mainly buildings that the Prussian state had to finance, i.e. sacred buildings, parsonages, town halls, schools, road houses and other administrative buildings. It is striking that the collection of architectural designs contains almost only sample designs for sacred buildings. Schinkel did not include the prototype designs of the Oberbaudeputation in the SAE under his own name, for which Schinkel co-designed and was responsible for, such as the "normal church" and the design for the Chausseehaus.
In view of the many sketches and drafts in the Gothic style - from the Luisenmausoleum to the National Cathedral - and the Gothic motifs represented on the paintings as equating to antiquity, it is striking that the Gothic style is given little weight in the SAE. With a total of 13 panels on the Kreuzberg monument, the design for the Spittelkirche, the Friedrichswerder Church and the chapel in Peterhof, the neo-Gothic is marginally represented.
reception
Schinkel's collection of architectural designs was widely received. This is shown most emphatically in Leo von Klenze , who published his own collection of architectural designs from 1830 to 1850, which is much more pleasing and picturesque than Schinkel's. However, with her 74 tablets she never achieved their popularity.
Web links
- Heidelberg historical holdings - online [1] , accessed on April 5, 2015
- Online catalog of the Staatliche Museen zu Berlin [2] , accessed on June 1, 2019
Individual evidence
- ↑ Trempler, Jörg, in: Hein-Thomas Schulze-Altcappenberg, Rolf H. Johannsen and Christiane Lange (eds.): Karl Friedrich Schinkel History and Poetry, Munich: Hirmer, 2012, p. 178
- ↑ Trempler, Jörg, in: Hein-Thomas Schulze-Altcappenberg, Rolf H. Johannsen and Christiane Lange (eds.): Karl Friedrich Schinkel History and Poetry, Munich: Hirmer, 2012, p. 178
- ↑ Schinkel is named as a draftsman on panels 1–4, 6, 13–24, 26–30, 32–42, 49–62, 64–119, 124, 166, 167, 170. Berger is noted as the draftsman of the six panels 5, 7-11 and Otto is noted as the draftsman of the two panels 12 and 18. Tables 25, 31, 43–48, 63, 121–123, 125–138, 140–165 and 168–174 indicate Schinkel only as an inventor, a draftsman is not noted. Plate 139 (lithograph Glienicke) has no information at all. (Numbers based on the 1858 edition)
- ↑ Only a part of the drawings for the collection of architectural designs in the Schinkel estate has survived. Today it is kept in the Kupferstichkabinett of the State Museums - Prussian Cultural Heritage.
- ^ Haus, Andreas: Perspective as an idea, in: Hein-Thomas Schulze-Altcappenberg and Rolf H. Johannsen (eds.): Karl Friedrich Schinkel History and Poetry - Das Studienbuch, Munich: Deutscher Kunstverlag, 2012, p. 51
- ↑ Schinkel Center of the TUB and House of Brandenburg-Prussian History (ed.): Karl Friedrich Schinkel - Guide to his buildings (2 volumes), Munich: Deutscher Kunstverlag, 2006