Kottbusser Tor

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Kottbusser Tor
Kotti
Coat of arms of Berlin.svg
Place in Berlin
Kottbusser Tor
Panorama of the Kottbusser Tor in the evening mood
Basic data
place Berlin
District Kreuzberg
Confluent streets
Kottbusser Strasse ,
Skalitzer Strasse ,
Reichenberger Strasse ,
Adalbertstrasse ,
Admiralstrasse ,
Dresdener Strasse
Buildings Kottbusser Tor underground station ,
Kreuzberg center
use
User groups Pedestrians , cyclists , road traffic , public transport

Kottbusser Tor is the name for a square-like intersection and an underground station in the Berlin district of Kreuzberg ( Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg district ). The square and the underground station are also called "Kotti" in Berlin . It is the center of the northeastern half of Kreuzberg, the historic SO 36 .

Naming

The square is named after a city gate of the Berlin excise wall , which was located here in the 18th and 19th centuries until its demolition in the 1860s and led out of Berlin in the direction of Cottbus .

history

Kottbusser Tor, 1807

The Cottbus Thor is in one of Neander Peter Heiden published in 1799 address shown concretely, specifically ran into Alt-Berlin , the Dresden road over the Kopenick field on the city gate to. It was flanked by an inhabited collector's house ( customs house ) and a Thor guard . The spellings for the gate changed several times over time, including from Cottbusserthor to Cottbusser Thor, Cottbuser Tor, Kottbuser Tor, Cottbuser Tor, Kottbuser Tor to Kottbusser Tor in 1930. The spelling has not changed since then, although the eponymous City with "C" writes.

The traffic junction did not appear as a postal address in the address book (between 1799 and 1943), but in the 19th century there was the address Vor dem Kottbusserthor . Before the new development from the 1950s onwards, Admiralstrasse and Reichenberger Strasse merged into Cottbusser Strasse, just south of Skalitzer Strasse . The buildings leading to the square from all sides were essentially built between 1850 and 1900. After 1945, the houses destroyed by the Allied air raids had to be demolished and replaced with new ones, which transformed the multiple intersection into a roundabout . The residential wings that were built here until the 1970s took up the curve or underlined it. The square is not officially dedicated and has no house numbers. This is why it got its unofficial name either because of its history or because of the nearby underground station.

Kottbusser Tor traffic junction

Schematic map of the Kottbusser Tor
The high station Kottbusser Tor subway line U1 at night, from the Adalbertstraße seen

The Kottbusser Tor forms a central traffic junction in Kreuzberg. The wide Kottbusser Straße - then Kottbusser Damm  - to Neukölln towards Hermannplatz and the Admiralstraße towards Südstern run to the south as a traffic-calmed zone and even further south as a pedestrian area. The "Kotti" is crossed by the Skalitzer Straße from east to west (also with four lanes). Reichenberger Straße runs in a north-west-south-east direction. The narrower Adalbertstrasse leads to the north, which quickly became a busy traffic route towards Berlin-Mitte after the fall of the Berlin Wall . In the north, Dresdener Strasse, an extension of Kottbusser Strasse, is only accessible on foot.

In the mid-1950s, when the Berlin city center still had numerous war ruins, new residential buildings were quickly needed. In agreement with the Kreuzberg district office and in keeping with the spirit of the times, the Berlin Senate had numerous Wilhelminian-style buildings torn down and commissioned well-known architects to plan new buildings. So on the south side of the square in the triangle between Kottbusser Straße and Admiralstraße, the high-rise building by Wassili Luckhardt was created . 1962–1964 followed a residential and commercial building for the Orbis Verwaltungs-Gesellschaft on the corner of Skalitzer Strasse and Reichenberger Strasse. The elongated Neue Kreuzberger Zentrum (NKZ) , built between 1969 and 1974, on the north side of the square, which spans Adalbertstrasse and borders Dresdener Strasse in the south, is particularly striking . The architects responsible were Wolfgang Jokisch and Johannes Uhl , based on a framework plan by Werner Düttmann . The reason for this shielding effect from the north lay in the motorway planning in the 1960s, according to which a motorway junction was planned north of the NKZ at Oranienplatz between the never realized motorways A 102 and A 106 .

Directly on the round square of the Kottbusser Tor is the transfer station of the same name for the elevated and underground trains . The U1 high station dominates the entire square and is also a distinguishing feature. The underground station on the U8 line is below the train station . While the elevated railway has been crossing the square since 1902, the U8 line (at that time: line D) has only been running to Kottbusser Tor since 1928.

Kottbusser Tor as a social hot spot

Center Kreuzberg at Kottbusser Tor

Street fighting

The area around the Kottbusser Tor with the neighboring Wassertorplatz is - like the entire Kiez  - a social hotspot . On January 5, 1980, Celalettin Kesim was murdered in an attack by Turkish fascists and religious fundamentalists at Kottbusser Tor. In the early 1990s, a memorial stele created by Hanefi Yeter was erected at the crime scene . Then there were the May riots and the actions of the youth gang 36 Boys .

From the 2010s onwards, the Berlin Senate designated the district around the Kottbusser Tor with the Kreuzberg center as one of 17 areas with special development needs. Various measures by the district office and local residents' initiatives - such as the Myfest  - have resulted in riots falling significantly in recent years.

The proportion of people with a migration background is around 70 percent (as of 2014).

Drug problems

A larger drug scene has also established itself around the square . To improve the situation of both drug addicts and the citizens living there, there was a public drug consumption room on Dresdener Strasse between 2004 and mid-2009 (also known as a pressure room or fixer's room) operated by the AIDS and addiction aid agency Fixpunkt . Until such a parlor was reopened, two minibuses helped the dependent directly at Kottbusser Tor. In the summer of 2011, a new printing room was reopened in a disused school, also against protests by a citizens' initiative founded by residents . The Kreuzberg City Councilor for Health Knut Mildner-Spindler relocated the Fixerstube to the nearby Reichenberger Straße in December 2011. There have been no significant improvements; in 2012, for example, there were still 20 known drug addicts and traffickers around the neighborhood, and the number of drug offenses rose by around 100 percent. The square is still one of the main hubs for hard drugs in the city.

Organized crime

Between 2013 and 2015 thefts in the Kottbusser Tor area multiplied to 775 reported cases. The number of robberies increased by 50 percent from 2014 to 2015. The police arrested 55 suspects in 2015, most of whom were migrants . The perpetrators often use the dance trick , mainly to steal valuables. In the case of resistance, violence is also used, blurring the boundaries between theft, robbery , bodily harm and abuse. Sexual assaults on women have also been observed and reported.

See also

Web links

Commons : Kottbusser Tor (Berlin-Kreuzberg)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Dresdner Strasse (cont.) . In: Karl Neander von Petersheiden: Illustrative tables , 1799, street representations and residents, p. 20. “Cottbusser Thor”.
  2. Cottbusserthor . In: Carl Ludwig von Oesfeld : Ground plan of the royal. Residence cities: Berlin . 1789.
  3. Cottbus Gate . In: Pierer's Conversationslexikon . 6th edition. Berlin 1875.
  4. Kottbuser Tor . In: Supplement to the Berlin address book . Julius Straube Publishing House , 1893.
  5. Cottbuser Tor : In Pharus Plan Berlin . Pharus Verlag, 1921.
  6. Kottbuser Tor . In: Sanwald Plan Berlin . Karl Sanwald, 1926.
  7. Kottbusser Damm, ~ Street, ~ Ufer . In: Berliner Adreßbuch , 1930, IV, p. 175 (A Kottbusser Tor as a place or street is not given).
  8. Kottbusserthor (vd) . In: General housing gazette for Berlin, Charlottenburg and its surroundings , 1850, part 2, p. 77.
  9. Cottbusser street scene . In: Berliner Adreßbuch , 1925, IV, p. 178.
  10. ^ Kreuzberger Chronik: The forgotten skyscraper
  11. ^ Center Kreuzberg (New Kreuzberg Center - NKZ) . In: District lexicon of the Luisenstädtischer Bildungsverein
  12. ^ A b Anne Lena Mösken: A house in Kreuzberg . In: Berliner Zeitung , 22./23. November 2014, magazine p. 1/2.
  13. Deniz Yücel : For the love of Allah . In: Jungle World , January 2, 2002, accessed November 16, 2017.
  14. QM Wassertorplatz. Senate Department for Urban Development; Retrieved November 25, 2014.
  15. Andreas Molitor: The Kotti comes from the drip . In: Die Zeit , No. 28/2003; Who is the Kotti? In: Der Tagesspiegel , March 8, 2009.
  16. Kreuzberg printing room closes. In: Der Tagesspiegel , June 11, 2009; Aneli Huettner: Drugs at the Kotti - because they are there ... Video on youtube from July 27, 2009; Retrieved Nov. 25, 2014.
  17. Pressure room for drug addicts, space for drinkers. In: Berliner Morgenpost , July 24, 2010.
  18. Fixerstube in Kreuzberg.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archivesInfo: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Toter Link / ondemand-mp3.dradio.de   Contribution to the show Deutschland heute on November 19, 2009 on Deutschlandfunk .
  19. New fixer's room at Kottbusser Tor. In: BZ , January 19, 2011
  20. The parallel world of the junkies from Kottbusser Tor . In: welt.de , February 15, 2012; Retrieved November 25, 2014.
  21. Nothing works at Kottbusser Tor without a weapon. The new Zoo station is called Kottbusser Tor .  ( Page no longer available , search in web archivesInfo: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. In: BZ , August 16, 2008@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.bz-berlin.de  
  22. Hannes Heine: Too blatant even for Kreuzberg. In: Der Tagesspiegel , February 18, 2016
  23. 24 hours Kottbusser Tor. In: Zitty , March 17, 2016
  24. issuu.com

Coordinates: 52 ° 29 ′ 57 ″  N , 13 ° 25 ′ 5 ″  E