Oranienplatz

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Oranienplatz
Coat of arms of Berlin.svg
Place in Berlin
Oranienplatz
Dragon fountain on the
north side of the square
Basic data
place Berlin
District Kreuzberg
Created 19th century
Confluent streets
Oranienstrasse ,
Dresdener Strasse ,
Naunynstrasse ,
Segitzdamm ,
Legiendamm ,
Leuschnerdamm ,
Erkelenzdamm
use
User groups Road traffic , pedestrians , public transport
Space design Peter Joseph Lenné ,
Erwin Barth

The Orange Place is an urban space in Berlin Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg , the district Kreuzberg ( SO 36 ). It forms the center of the historic Luisenstadt .

Location and development

Location of Oranienplatz

The streets Oranienstraße in east-west direction (OSO – WNW) and Dresdener Straße in north-south direction (NNW – SSE) cross Oranienplatz.

In addition, the following streets lead into Oranienplatz:

history

The square was laid out in 1841-1852 based on designs by Peter Joseph Lenné and was divided into two by the construction of the Luisenstadt Canal . Both parts were connected in 1906 by a wide road bridge with four gigantic stone arc lamp candelabra in Art Nouveau style , based on plans by the architect Bruno Schmitz . The garden architect Hermann Mächtig redesigned the square accordingly on this occasion.

Oranienplatz after the redesign in 1906

In the middle of the rectangular Oranienplatz, the Oranienbrücke spanned the Luisenstädtischer Canal, on which both Oranienstrasse and Dresdener Strasse crossed the canal with their tram lines . To stagecoaches times led here at the old Dresden road the way from Berlin via Mittenwalde by Saxony . With its gardens laid out by Huguenots , Oranienstrasse (until 1849: Orange Street ) formed the south-eastern city limits. After the March Revolution of 1848 , the Luisenstadt Canal was created between the Spree and the Landwehr Canal as a job creation measure, but it was hardly a river. So the magistrate decided to fill the stagnant and stinking water with the excavated earth of the subway construction site . Between the embankments was 1926-1928, designed by Erwin Barth of Channel Park . The Oranienbrücke with its eye-catching Art Nouveau candelabra, one of nine canal crossings, was removed during these renovations.

The West Berlin autobahn planning of the 1960s envisaged that the "Südtangente" as federal autobahn 106 and the "Osttangente" as federal autobahn 102 meet at a junction at Oranienplatz . In the zoning provided for 1965 and 1985, massive intervention in the growing urban structure will no longer be pursued.

In view of its high frequency in the heart of Kreuzberg, the square with its lens-shaped central island has been redesigned several times. The last redesign was completed in 2007.

Oranienplatz has been a garden monument since the 1990s .

Development

The dragon fountain has stood on the north side of the square since 1986 . This ornamental fountain , made of granite blocks and equipped with a round basin , was created based on a design by the artist Wigand Witting .

All corners of the square are built on with apartment blocks, some of which were built around the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. Houses numbers 1–10, 14/16 and 17 are listed monuments .

Most of the houses around the square initially had shops, including in the corner house Oranienplatz 14 / Erkelenzdamm 1. The Oranien Pharmacy was opened here in 1860 , which was among other things purveyor to the imperial and royal court for the German colonial areas and protection troops . The furnishings with wooden furniture, small apothecary cupboards and a high stucco ceiling corresponded to the ideas of a sales facility at the time and has been preserved over the centuries. The pharmacy had to close in 2015. The new tenants of the premises redesigned the historic facility, while largely preserving it, into a café . The Café Ora offers since June 2015 homemade cakes and bread and a small daily changing lunch.

Two of the buildings were also built as department stores : Oranienplatz 2 women's clothing store Massen , 1903/1904 by Breslauer & Salinger and Oranienplatz 4–10, a department store of the Berlin consumer cooperative . From 1913, the Brenninkmeyer department store was located in the corner house No. 17 / Oranienstrasse 40 . Later, the grocery supermarket chain Plus was located there on the ground floor and Frank's billiards room and the hard-rock discotheque Trash were on the upper floors . Both locations were well known in the Berlin scene and had to close one after the other in the years after the turn of the millennium. After years of vacancy, the monument was converted into the Hotel Orania.Berlin by the Bavarian investor Dietmar Müller-Elmau between 2014 and 2017 .

Between 2012 and 2014 was on the Oranienplatz an unauthorized protest camp of refugees that for changing the asylum law and for a residence permit demonstrated. An eviction by the police was the subject of intense public discussions between the Berlin Senate and the Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg District Office, led by the District Mayor Monika Herrmann ( Bündnis 90 / Die Grünen ), as well as in the red-black government coalition in the Senate itself. The eviction took place in April 2014 despite existing agreements that resulted from official negotiations between the protesting refugees and the Senate department represented by Dilek Kolat . After several protests, including a hunger strike , an information point was opened at Oranienplatz that same month, which functions as an “information and protest platform for the rights of refugees”. As a result of the above negotiations and written agreements with the Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg district, there is the right to use the space to represent the interests of refugees. This right includes, among other things, setting up a suitable location for this.

Underground station at Oranienplatz

View down Dresdener Strasse towards Alexanderplatz from the time the U-Bahn was built at Oranienplatz, September 1915
The underground station never used

Originally it was planned to run the later U8 underground line not over Moritzplatz , but over Oranienplatz. The corresponding train station in Dresdener Strasse on Oranienplatz was already under construction before the First World War , but the construction work had to be canceled due to the war. An interim injunction by the city of Berlin led to the completion of the train station in the shell from 1921 in order to reopen the street for traffic. Nevertheless, the city of Berlin decided in 1927 for a route across Moritzplatz, due to the better transport connections in the tram network.

A single-track tunnel was subsequently built for the shell construction. From Heinrich-Heine-Strasse to Alfred-Döblin-Platz, the tunnel was provided with sidings, and it was also initially used as a material store for the BVG . Around 1940 it was converted into an air raid shelter. In the 1920s, Bewag set up a switching station in the shell of the station, which was there until 1988.

Due to structural problems and the insufficient load-bearing capacity for the Dresdener Straße above, the tunnel was filled in at the beginning of 2015.

modification

In 2007/2008, Oranienplatz was rebuilt based on the historical floor plan. The renovation was intended to bring the original shape and division of the square to life again. The public and pedestrian areas were enlarged and plantings added or renewed.

See also

Web links

Commons : Oranienplatz  - album with pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Luisenufer and Elisabethufer formed the two promenades along the Luisenstadt Canal. During the National Socialist era , individual sections of the bank were named in 1937 after National Socialist "martyrs" who died in disputes before 1933: The northern part of the Luisenufer in Kösterdamm after Helmut Köster (1902-1932), the southern part in Curthdamm after Udo Curth ( 1909–1932), the northern part of the Elisabethufer in Schröderdamm after Friedrich Schröder (1908–1932) and the southern part in Hoffmanndamm after Hans Hoffmann (1913–1931). After the end of World War II , this division was retained; the names were replaced in 1947 by those of four union leaders ( Carl Legien , Martin Segitz , Wilhelm Leuschner , Anton Erkelenz ).
  2. ↑ Oranienplatz garden monument, Stadtplatz, 1848–1852 by Peter Joseph Lenné, 1894 and 1907 by Hermann Mächtig, 1904 by Bruno Schmitz, 1929–1932 and 1956/1957 redesign by the Kreuzberg garden authority, restoration 2006–2008
  3. ↑ Drachenbrunnen on the website of the Senate Department for Urban Development; Retrieved July 2, 2015.
  4. ↑ BD Oranienplatz 1–10, 14/16 and 17 with their parts Oranienplatz 1 / Oranienstrasse 42BD Oranienplatz 1 / Oranienstrasse 42, tenement house, 1860 by W. Werner , Oranienplatz 3BD Oranienplatz 3, tenement house, built in 1859 by L. Schütz and Hauschulz , Oranienplatz 5Oranienplatz 5, residential building, 1829 by Hecht; 1872 by Clemens; Bathing establishment, 1888 by C. Lange , Oranienplatz 7BD Oranienplatz 7, built in 1850 according to plans by J. G. Lindner and Schellhorn , Oranienplatz 14BD Oranienplatz 14, tenement house, 1860 by L. Adler and A. Berger as wellBD Erkelenzdamm 1 / Oranienplatz 14 , Oranienplatz 16and Schellhorn BD Oranienplatz 16, 1859/1860 by Leberecht Adler and J. J. Meyer .
  5. ↑ Tina Hüttl: How a pharmacy becomes a happy place. In: Berliner Zeitung . 27./28. June 2015, p. 8.
  6. ↑ BD Oranienplatz 2, women's clothing store in Massen, 1903/1904 by Breslauer & Salinger
  7. ↑ Oranienplatz 4–10, department store of the consumer cooperative, 1931–1933 by Taut & Hoffmann
  8. ↑ Dietmar Müller-Elmau in an interview with Antje Lang-Lendorff: “I love contradiction”. A fire crackles in the glass fireplace, and a black Steinway grand piano stands in front of the corner window facing Oranienplatz. Dietmar Mueller-Elmau, operator of the Hotel Orania in Kreuzberg, sees his house as a public living room for artists from the area, among others. Critics, on the other hand, are a thorn in the side of the noble hotel, which opened in August, as it represents the upgrading of the district. There were paint strokes, windows were damaged. A conversation about gentrification and the freedom of others. www.taz.de, November 18, 2017, accessed on November 19, 2017 .
  9. ↑ Multimillionaire is building on Oranienplatz. On: berliner-zeitung.de . Retrieved July 2, 2015.
  10. ↑ A hotel instead of huts. On: tagesspiegel.de . Retrieved July 2, 2015.
  11. ↑ The construction of the AEG Schnellbahn. In: Vossische Zeitung . No. 284 (Sunday edition), June 19, 1921, first supplement.
  12. ↑ Berliner Verkehrsblätter. 3/2015, p. 56.
  13. ↑ The "Blind Tunnels" of Berlin. ( Memento of the original from February 11, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. at: berliner-unterwelten.de, accessed on February 25, 2015. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / berliner-unterwelten.de
  14. ↑ Berliner Verkehrsblätter. 7/2014, p. 133.
  15. ↑ Senate Department for the Environment, Transport and Climate Protection: Dresdener Strasse tunnel system in Berlin-Friedrichshain / Kreuzberg - backfilling

Coordinates: 52 ° 30 ′ 8 ″  N , 13 ° 24 ′ 57 ″  E