Enckestrasse

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Enckestrasse
coat of arms
Street in Berlin
Enckestrasse
Enckestrasse in the direction of the former flower wholesale market
Basic data
place Berlin
District Kreuzberg
Created February 18, 1927
Connecting roads Charlottenstrasse (north)
Cross streets Besselstrasse
Buildings see sights
use
User groups Pedestrian traffic , bicycle traffic , car traffic
Technical specifications
Street length 60 meters

The Encke Street is located in the Berlin district of Kreuzberg in the territory of the enlarged Friedrichstadt and is named after the astronomer Johann Franz Encke named. He did research in the Berlin observatory , which stood here in the 18th century.

History and Development

In the past, only Enckeplatz was located here , which was built on March 13, 1844 as part of the construction of the New Observatory. The tasks and facilities of the observatory were gradually transferred to the Astrophysical Institute in Potsdam and to a new building for the Royal Astronomical Computing Institute at Altensteinstrasse 40 in Lichterfelde , so that the location had been abandoned in 1912. The Hotel Imperial was located at No. 4/4a.

Hotel Imperial, 1911

Urban planning took the task of the observatory site as an opportunity to extend Charlottenstrasse to the north beyond Enckeplatz, actually less a square and more a spur road that ended at the observatory, to Lindenstrasse . For the breakthrough, the buildings Lindenstrasse 91-93 and the observatory were demolished, the street was extended in a straight continuation of Charlottenstrasse to the north-east wall of Markthalle II , in order to then reach its outer wall in a south-easterly direction following Lindenstrasse. The confluence of the new street took up the whole of property 93 and half of it. In 1913 Cremer & Wolffenstein built a laundry department store for the Jordan company founded by Heinrich Jordan in 1839 on the new corner property at Lindenstrasse 91 and the extended Charlottenstrasse (until 1927) . The department store was connected to the main Jordan store at Markgrafenstrasse 87/88 via the rear wing.

Lingerie sales suffered during the inflationary years, so the Jordan company concentrated sales in the main building and rented out the new building. The Ullstein publishing house rented several floors and stayed here in the extended Charlotte Street 1b and in the near Markgrafenstraße 73 financially supported Klal-Verlag one, for 1921, among other Chaim Nachman Bialik worked. From February 18, 1927, the connection, initially called Charlottenstrasse, was called Enckestrasse, and the Jordan department store operated under the addresses Lindenstrasse 91/92 and Enckestrasse 1/2. As part of the newly named Enckestrasse, Enckeplatz was canceled as a separate place name, and its associated plots were renumbered.

After the purchase of the western part of the observatory area for the wholesale flower market , which was greatly reduced by the road breakthrough, a hall , known at the time as the sheep stable , was built there and opened in 1922. This first wholesale flower market hall was replaced in 1934 by a modern new building, the so-called "Blue Hall". During the US air raid on February 3, 1945 , the adjacent buildings, including the “Blue Hall”, Markthalle II and Jordan department store - like large parts of Friedrichstadt and Luisenstadt - were destroyed.

The wholesale flower market was located in the so-called “flower hall” at Enckestrasse 11, which was refurbished after the Second World War , whereas Markthalle II was not rebuilt on Enckestrasse 12 / Lindenstrasse 97/98 and Friedrichstrasse 18. The flower wholesale market also acquired the rubble-down lots at Friedrichstrasse 18 and 19, which it used as a parking lot until 2010. Enckestrasse existed as a continuous connection until the early 1960s. The southern section of Enckestrasse and plots 1–3 and 12–14 were added to the plot of the wholesale flower market in 1963, and the road breakthrough created after 1912 was rededicated , as the 1963 traffic plan of the Kreuzberg city planning office shows. The cleared property of Markthalle II was divided along a line that was drawn at right angles to Friedrichstrasse at the level of the boundary between properties 15 and 16 and Lindenstrasse, so that the shifted southern boundary of the wholesale market property is no longer at right angles to Lindenstrasse, but runs to Friedrichstrasse.

The new wholesale flower market was built north parallel to this line. On November 25, 1963, the foundation stone for the new building was laid with the participation of Senator Rolf Schwedler . The new market hall, a concrete frame building clad with exposed aggregate concrete slabs, was occupied on the eve of Green Week , January 28, 1965. The blueprints came from Bruno Grimmek . Enckestrasse, now a dead end street, opened up the wholesale flower market from the north.

The Enckestrasse area became part of the plans for the International Building Exhibition 1984–1987 (IBA) . In the early 1980s, the IBA demanded the relocation of the flower wholesale market and the demolition of the hall. But in 1982 the Senate made the requirement to integrate the wholesale market into urban development. In March 1983, an “international narrower competition - block 606 - design of a primary and special school in the urban context of the flower wholesale market and the planned Besselpark ” was announced, which Gino Valle, Mario Broggi and Michael Burkhart won in the summer of that year. In July 1984 the Senate decided to relocate the wholesale flower market within three to five years, but withdrew this decision in 1986 for financial reasons. The IBA then presented new plans for integrating the hall.

The entire area north of the wholesale flower market up to Besselstrasse, including parts of the property used for the northern development of the hall, was to be incorporated into the future Besselpark. As a center-related city park, the Besselpark should also include a public playground and a day-care center. At an estimated 3.7 million marks , a two- hectare park was to be built between 1986 and 1990 , which would have run from Friedrichstrasse in the west to Markgrafenstrasse in the east. Enckestrasse would have been completely built over by the parking area.

However, the plans were abandoned in 1985 in favor of a competition for parks in southern Friedrichstadt , which the architects Jasper Halfmann and Clod Zillich won. The cul-de-sac remained and the park was only laid out from Friedrichstrasse to Enckestrasse. This should enable an expansion of the flower wholesale market. This flexible concept convinced the jury of the competition. With the funds for compensatory measures, the park was greened in 1995 after the Willy Brandt House in Stresemannstrasse was built. The Enckestrasse was therefore kept as a dead end; to the west of it the Besselpark was built, to the east of it the planned day-care center was built.

It remains to be seen to what extent the expansion of the Jewish Museum on the site of the former flower wholesale market will affect the street. Some of the areas around the former market border directly on Enckestrasse and are explicitly mentioned in construction site V in the construction plans. Due to the immediate vicinity, the street is included in the redesign, for example in a landscape planning ideas and implementation competition “Freiräume an der Akademie”. According to plans by the Senate Department for Urban Development, the street will continue to serve as an entrance to the site of the former wholesale market. The connection between Enckestrasse and Lindenstrasse, which was interrupted in 1963, is to be reopened as a pedestrian passage. The confluence of this promenade with Lindenstrasse is to be framed by new buildings to the north-east and south, and the resulting plaza will form the entrance to the Academy of the Jewish Museum. The district office has made suggestions for naming the square.

Attractions

Listed buildings with house numbers 4 and 4a
  • The buildings with the house numbers 4 and 4a are under monument protection . You are on a plot of around 2500 m². The facade of the four-storey house is symmetrical. The outer areas are provided with a simple plaster, while the middle area above the entrance doors is decorated with red clinker brick . Above the doors, the facade is structured with a pilaster strip each, which accommodates the four window axes. The building facing the street, just the northern wing of the building, which took up the entire width of the property until 1945, was built in 1847 and 1848 by F. Vinetz and Wilmann as a rental house. In the rear part of the property there were guest and restaurant rooms of the Hotel Imperial, which had to make way for the current residential building from 1936. A joint acquisition by a project group was planned to convert the two houses into a multi-generation house with rooms for communal use. However, since not all initiators could decide to purchase the property, the project was not pursued any further at the end of 2006.
  • Besselpark with a sculpture by Fletcher Benton
  • A plaque reminds us that the poet Emanuel Geibel lived in a house at Enckestrasse 10 (previously Enckeplatz 3 ) from 1845 to 1848 .
  • Northwest of Enckestrasse is the Kreuzberg Tower by John Hejduk , which is one of the main structures of the IBA.

Land

When the name was given in 1927, the previously extended Charlottenstrasse (from 1913) called the new connection and Enckeplatz (from 1844) were combined as Enckestrasse. In the course of this, the plots were renumbered.

  • Enckestraße 1, 2 and 3: canceled in 1963 and added to the enlarged Enckestraße 11, rebuilt in 1913 from part of Enckeplatz 3a (site of the observatory), until 1927 as an extended Charlottenstraße 1, 2 and 3 respectively
  • Enckestraße 4 / 4a, 5 and 6: 1844–1927 Enckeplatz 4 / 4a, 5 or 6, now undeveloped, except for No. 4 / 4a
  • Enckestraße 7 (also Besselstraße 7): 1844–1927 Enckeplatz 7, now undeveloped
  • Enckestrasse 8 (also Besselstrasse 6): 1844–1927 Enckeplatz 1, now Besselpark
  • Enckestrasse 9 and 10: 1844–1927 Enckeplatz 2 and 3, now Besselpark
  • Enckestrasse 11: Newly created in 1913 from the western part of Enckeplatz 3a (site of the observatory), in 1963 considerably enlarged by the properties Enckestrasse 1, 2, 3 and 12-14 as well as the southern section of Enckestrasse itself, now the former flower wholesale market hall
  • Enckestraße 12–14: canceled in 1963 and partly added to the enlarged Enckestraße 11, in 1913 newly created numbering for parts of the property in Markthalle II, which also had the addresses Friedrichstraße 18 and Lindenstraße 97/98

See also

literature

  • International Building Exhibition Berlin 1987 - Project overview . Bauausstellung Berlin GmbH, Berlin 1987, 1st edition.
  • Werner von Westhafen: The Enckestrasse . In: Kreuzberger Chronik , October 2008, issue 101, accessed on May 29, 2012.

Web links

Commons : Enckestraße (Berlin-Kreuzberg)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Encke-Platz on Kreuzberg maps around 1906  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. at alt-berlin.info, accessed on May 29, 2012.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.alt-berlin.info  
  2. ↑ a b Topographischer Atlas Berlin: Unabridged study edition . Senate Department for Building and Housing Berlin / Surveying Department. Dietrich Reimer, Berlin 1995, ISBN 3-496-02660-X , p. 73.
  3. ↑ a b Berlin address book - 1915: Using official sources . Scherl, Berlin 1915, part III, p. 515.
  4. ↑ Kathrin Chod, Herbert Schwenk, Hainer Weißpflug: Berlin district lexicon: Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg . Haude & Spener / Edition Luisenstadt, Berlin 2003, ISBN 3-7759-0474-3 , p. 389.
  5. ^ Maren Krüger: Book production in exile: Der Klal-Verlag . In: Jews in Kreuzberg: Finds, Fragments, Memories . Berliner Geschichtswerkstatt e. V. (Hrsg.) Published as a catalog for the exhibition “Jews in Kreuzberg: Findings, Fragments, Memories” in the Kreuzberg Museum, October 18 to December 29, 1991. Edition Hentrich, Berlin 1991, ISBN 3-89468-002-4 , Pp. 421–426, here: p. 425. (= German past, sites of the history of Berlin; vol. 55).
  6. ↑ a b Encke-Platz . In: Street name lexicon of the Luisenstädtischer Bildungsverein
  7. ↑ a b c d e Kreuzberg flower wholesale market will soon be history: The Senate has decided to move to the wholesale market on Beusselstrasse. The district is surprised and angry . In: Der Tagesspiegel , January 30, 2006.
  8. ↑ A public air raid shelter was set up in the modern steel-reinforced commercial building, in which many people perished on February 3, 1945, a memorial stone on their mass grave in the old Luisenstadt cemetery .
  9. ↑ a b c d e International Building Exhibition Berlin 1987 - project overview . Bauausstellung Berlin GmbH, Berlin 1987, p. 160. No ISBN.
  10. ^ Wolfgang Süchting: New school building in Friedrichstrasse / Lindenstrasse . In: Guide: Projects, Data, History , Reporting Year 1984, Senator for Building and Housing / International Building Exhibition Berlin 1984–1987. Berlin 1984, p. 88. No ISBN.
  11. ↑ a b International Building Exhibition Berlin 1987 - Project overview . Bauausstellung Berlin GmbH, Berlin 1987, p. 161. No ISBN.
  12. ^ First tree in Besselpark . In: Berliner Zeitung , October 21, 1995
  13. ↑ International Building Exhibition Berlin 1987 - project overview . Bauausstellung Berlin GmbH, Berlin 1987, p. 162. No ISBN.
  14. ↑ Packing in the flower wholesale market . In: Der Tagesspiegel , May 15, 2010.
  15. ↑ Exposé of the Liegenschaftsfonds ( Memento of the original from July 23, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF, 1.89 MB), accessed May 29, 2012. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.liegenschaftsfonds.de
  16. ↑ a b c Result protocol of the closed landscape planning ideas and realization competition "Freiräume an der Akademie" ( Memento of the original from February 22, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 5.7 MB) Senate Department for Urban Development, accessed May 29, 2012. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.ak-berlin.de
  17. ↑ Südliche Friedrichstadt: Strategies for the Kreuzberg part of the historical center of Berlin - work report (PDF, 5.97 MB) Senate Department for Urban Development, p. 33, accessed May 29, 2012.
  18. ↑ Enckestraße project  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. ongemeinschaftswohnen.info, accessed on May 29, 2012.@1@ 2Template: Dead Link /gemeinschaftswohnen.info  
  19. ^ Architecture in Berlin. Retrieved October 4, 2010

Coordinates: 52 ° 30 '14.1 "  N , 13 ° 23' 34.5"  E