Caspar Nicolaus Overbeck

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Caspar Nicolaus Overbeck (often also Kaspar Nicolaus Overbeck ; born March 17, 1670 in Horneburg , † September 17, 1752 ) was a German Protestant theologian in northern Germany.

Life

Caspar Nicolaus Overbeck was the son of the Horneburg preacher Christoph Overbeck (son of the Lüneburg merchant Caspar), who became pastor at St. Nicolaihof in Bardowick in 1676 , and his wife Anna Elisabeth, whose father, Nicolaus Zimmermann, was rector in Lüneburg. At first his father trained Overbeck and suggested religiosity and virtue to him, which would shape him for life. The father died when the boy was twelve years old, so that he came to his grandmother in Lüneburg and attended the school where his uncle Hermann Zimmermann was a teacher. The rector Heinrich Christoph Lauterbach and vice rector Matthias Metzdorf became his patrons. Overbeck then worked as a private tutor for Metzdorf's children and met the theologians August Hermann Francke , Caspar Hermann Sandhagen and Hermann von der Hardt who had traveled to Lüneburg . They also influenced Overbeck's belief system, so that he has since devoted himself to studying the Bible extensively.

From May 15, 1689, Overbeck studied at the University of Leipzig to attend Francke's lectures. He also heard from Johannes Olearius , Andreas Rivinus , Paul Anton and Joachim Lange .

As early as 1691, Overbeck had to finish his studies on instructions from his mother. Since then he has worked as a private tutor for several families and lived in Lüneburg, where he continued his training and preached in the pulpit. On December 6, 1693 he received a position as vice principal in Celle , which he took up on March 27 of the next year. There he later received an offer to become a preacher in Lüneburg, which he refused. In September 1710 he finally accepted a pastor's position in Rethem after he had shown himself to be talented in Celle and had attracted attention on the pulpit. In March 1723 he went to Pattensen in this office .

In January 1736 Overbeck was appointed assistant to the superintendent for Bardowick, Werner Michael Borcholt . He died the next year, so that Overbeck was promoted to superintendent and inspector, while remaining pastor of Pattensen. In 1747 he found a parish assistant in Christian Friederich Gottlieb Müller, who supported the aged Overbeck. The next year he lost one eye, but could still see well with one eye without the need for glasses.

Overbeck died in 1752 at the age of 82.

family

Caspar Nicolaus Overbeck was married four times. He entered into the following marriages:

  1. On April 29, 1698 he married Dorothea Beata Adersbach, the daughter of Andreas Adersbach from Lüneburg; † May 23, 1702.
  2. On July 22nd, 1705 he married Helena Magdalena Metzendorff, born in 1688, daughter of Overbeck's former teacher Matthias Metzendorff; she died on February 7, 1729
  3. On April 25, 1731 he married Margaretha Elisabeth Langejan, the daughter of Brandanus Langejan, the Lüneburg sub-rector , who was also the teacher of Overbeck; she died on April 6, 1736
  4. Overbeck's fourth marriage was with Martha Elisabeth Zimmermann, born Engelbrecht, daughter of a well-known lawyer from Helmstädt, who was previously married to Christian Heinrich Zimmermann, a pastor in Trebel. She died on April 11, 1748.

Overbeck had a total of 17 children, eight of whom survived:

  • Three children from the first marriage who died early;
  • 14 children from the second marriage. Of these, the following eight children survived:
  1. Johann Adolph Overbeck, born in June 1706, pastor in Handorf
  2. Levin Conrad Overbeck, born February 2, 1712, first garrison preacher, then pastor, married, four daughters and two sons
  3. Georg Christian Overbeck, born on May 13, 1713, holds a doctorate in law and Lübeck lawyer , married to Eleonora Maria Jauch , three children, died in 1786
  4. Johann Daniel Overbeck (1715–1802), theologian and rector
  5. Gottfried Ferdinand Overbeck, born in February 1717
  6. August Friederich Overbeck, born in August 1719, teacher in Hermannsburg, married
  7. Dorothea Elisabeth Overbeck, born 1722, married Christian Friederich Gottlieb Müller, Overbeck's assistant, on June 11, 1748 in Pattensen; in 1758 she gave birth to a child who died early
  8. Anna Elisabeth Overbeck, born 1725.

Act

Overbeck was considered a versatile educated scholar, especially in the ancient languages . He explained difficult passages in the New Testament . He also wrote treatises on exegesis , most of which were printed in the journal Volunteer Hebopfer . Salvation of some scriptures is a handwritten work of Overbeck, otherwise only a separate, printed work by him appeared.

Works

  • Rescue of some scriptures, so today by some, against the doctrine of faith, of justification, of good works, which is reciprocated in our evangelical church from the divine word (manuscript from the estate)
  • Investigation of the reasons with which the Reverend Dr. Johann Schubert, well-deserved teacher of the Heil. Theology of Helmstädt, in its sensible and scriptural thoughts of the Last Judgment, showed that in the Gospel on the 2nd Sunday of Advent it was not about the future general world judgment, but about a special one about the Jews at the time of the destruction of Jerusalem Judgment of God is spoken (Hamburg 1749)

Remarks

  1. ↑ See Philipp Meyer : The pastors of the regional churches of Hanover and Schaumburg-Lippes since the Reformation . 2 vol., Göttingen 1941/42, vol. 1, p. 57. The father died in February 1683.
  2. ↑ See Philipp Meyer: The pastors of the regional churches of Hanover and Schaumburg-Lippes since the Reformation . 2 vol., Göttingen 1941/42, vol. 2, p. 267, 300.
  3. ↑ The information about marriages and descendants comes from Winckler, Nachrichten von Lower Saxony famous people and families .
  4. ^ Levin Conrad Overbeck married Maria Wilhelmine Chüden, daughter of the doctor Christian Friederich Chüden, in February 1755. The following children are from the marriage:
    1. Louise Charlotte Dorothea, born October 28, 1756
    2. Johanna Eleonora Maria, born and died in 1758
    3. Maria Elisabeth Johanna, born on December 3, 1759
    4. Maria Eleonora Wilhelmine, born on September 8, 1761
    5. Johann Ludwig Adolf, born September 20, 1765
    6. Daniel Gottlieb, born 1769
  5. ↑ Children, three of whom attended high school in Lübeck:
    1. Christian Adolph Overbeck (1755–1821), Lübeck mayor
    2. Conrad Carl, born January 25, 1758
    3. Johann Georg Overbeck , born on December 22, 1759

literature

personal data
SURNAME Overbeck, Caspar Nicolaus
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Overbeck, Kaspar Nicolaus
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German Protestant theologian
DATE OF BIRTH March 17, 1670
PLACE OF BIRTH Horneburg
DATE OF DEATH September 17, 1752