Castione (Trentino)

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Castione
Castione - Brentonico.jpg
Country Italy
region Trentino-South Tyrol
province Trento  (TN)
local community Brentonico
Coordinates 45 ° 50 '  N , 10 ° 57'  E Coordinates: 45 ° 50 '14 "  N , 10 ° 57' 12"  E
height 528  m slm
Residents 343 ()
patron San Clemente
Church day November 23
Telephone code 0464 CAP 38060

Castione is a fraction of the Italian municipality ( comune ) Brentonico in the province of Trento , region of Trentino-Alto Adige .

geography

The place is located on a basalt stock at 528  m slm above the Valle del Cameras on the northeastern foothills of Monte Altissimo di Nago about 30 km southwest of Trento . In the east, the valley through which the Rio San Rocco flows separates Castione from Monte Giovo , which in turn separates the town from the Brentonico plateau .

The place with about 340 inhabitants differs significantly from the other places in the area. The buildings are lined up around the village square. The houses have elegant and finely crafted door and window frames made of stone, testimony to the stonemasonry and sculpture that has long lived in Castione .

history

Castione was built in the 13th century on the remains of a much older castle complex. The name of the district Castello (dt. Castle) and the castle-like character of this district located on the northeastern outskirts testify to this.

The origins of this castle are uncertain. It was first mentioned in 845 as Maurontonem de Castellionem . The name could indicate a fortified complex from late antiquity . It cannot be ruled out that it is the Castrum Brentonicum mentioned by Paulus Diaconus in the Historia gentis Langobardorum from the 8th century .

The castle was abandoned after 1221 and most of the time it was demolished when the owners of the Castelbarco at the time received permission from the Prince-Bishop of Trento to build a residence near Brentonico and had to give up the castle in exchange.

From the 16th century, Castione was known for its quarries on Monte Giovo to the east. There the so-called marble from Castione was quarried. In the petrographic sense, it is not marble, but different colored limestones such as Oolites or Rosso Ammonitico . The latter known, among other things, as the Veronese marble . Marble quarrying reached its peak during the Baroque in the 17th century, when Castione marble was used in particular for the construction of altars. The best-known sculptor from this era from Castione was Cristoforo Benedetti , who among other things created the main altar of Innsbruck Cathedral . Other families of sculptors who came from or worked there were the Sartori, the Carneri and the Villa.

San Clemente

With the end of the baroque period, the importance of the marble from Castione declined, even if it was still quarried as a natural building block and represented an important source of income for the residents. In 1897 the first consumer cooperative in the municipality of Brentonico was founded in Castione and was active until the First World War .

After the outbreak of the First World War, the able-bodied men were drafted into the Austro-Hungarian army and deployed on the Eastern Front. With the Italian entry into the war in May 1915, Castione initially became a no man's land , as the Austro-Hungarian army command had set up its main line of defense further north on the valley side opposite Castione and the Italian army was only hesitant to advance. It was not until July 1915 that Castione was finally evacuated by the Austro-Hungarian authorities and the residents were brought to Eferding in Upper Austria , before most of them found refuge in the Braunau am Inn refugee camp . In the autumn of 1915, Italian troops finally occupied the place, which was subsequently the target of the Austro-Hungarian artillery.

After the war, the residents found a half-destroyed place on their return, which was painstakingly rebuilt in the 1920s. At the end of the 1980s, the last remaining natural stone workshop in Castione was closed.

Attractions

  • San Clemente, first mentioned in the 16th century, with works by various sculptors from Castione, including Cristoforo Benedetti, who created the main altar in the 18th century.
  • San Rocco, plague church from the 17th century between Castione and Monte Giovo at the entrance to the village. Also with an altar from the local sculptor's workshop.

Personalities

literature

  • Castione: i marmi e gli altari: Palazzo Eccheli-Baisi - Brentonico 10 August – 31 December 2002. Comune di Brentonico, Trento 2002.
  • Aldo Gorfer: Le valli del Trentino. Trentino occidentale . Manfrini, Calliano 1975.
  • Diego Leoni: Castiglione . In: Andrea Bacchi, Luciana Giacomelli (eds.): Scultura in Trentino: Il Seicento e il Settecento . Volume 1, Provincia Autonoma di Trento, Trient 2003 ISBN 88-86602-55-3
  • M. Nebbia: Castellione. In: Elisa Possenti et al. (Ed.): APSAT 5: castra, castelli e domus murate: corpus dei siti fortificati trentini tra tardo antico e basso medioevo: schede 2 . Società archeologica padana, Mantua 2013 ISBN 978-88-87115-80-2
  • Francesca Tardivo, Antonio Passerini: Brentonico 1870–1920: Dall'Austria all'Italia attraverso la Grande Guerra. Comune di Brentonico, Brentonico 2015.

Web links

Commons : Castione  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Aldo Gorfer: Le Valli del Trentino. Trentino Occidentale p. 347
  2. ↑ Giuseppe Gorfer: Case e villaggi: La lettura dell'edificato S. 260
  3. ↑ La Frazione di Castione. In: italia.indettaglio.it. Retrieved April 23, 2019 (Italian).
  4. ↑ M. Nebbia: Castellione p. 67
  5. ↑ Castione: i marmi e gli altari: Palazzo Eccheli-Baisi - Brentonico 10 agosto-31 December 2002. p. 2
  6. ^ Francesca Tardivo, Antonio Passerini: Brentonico 1870–1920: Dall'Austria all'Italia attraverso la Grande Guerra. P. 221
  7. ^ Francesca Tardivo, Antonio Passerini: Brentonico 1870–1920: Dall'Austria all'Italia attraverso la Grande Guerra. Pp. 347-348
  8. ^ Diego Leoni: Castiglione p. 305