Monte Giovo
| Monte Giovo | ||
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 Monte Giovo - west side with the place Sano |
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| height | 645 m slm | |
| location | Trentino , Italy | |
| Mountains | Garda mountains | |
| Coordinates | 45 ° 50 '15 " N , 10 ° 57' 49" E | |
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| rock | Sedimentary rocks | |
The Monte Giovo is a 625 m slm high mountain in the Lake Garda mountains in Trentino .
geography
location
The Monte Giovo is the northeastern foothills of the chain of the Baldo belonging Altissimo di Nago ( 2078 m slm ). It borders in the north at Mori on the Valle del Cameras . On the gently sloping west side lies the town of Castione , which belongs to the municipality of Brentonico and is demarcated from Monte Giovo by the valley cut through which the Rio Rocco flows. On the steeper east side is the town of Besagno, which, like Sano in the north-west and Tierno in the north-east, are districts of Mori. At the foot of Monte Giovo near Sano is the Grotta del Colombo , a small stalactite cave, in which Paolo Orsi discovered an archaeological site from the Bronze Age at the end of the 19th century .
geology
Monte Giovo lies on the edge of a fault between volcanic rocks and sedimentary rocks . Castione to the west rests on a basalt stock , while the western slope of Monte Giovo consists of sediments. The latter emerged in the Jura when this area formed a sea platform surrounded by a shallow and warm sea, which was rich in benthonic creatures.
There are therefore various rock formations on Monte Giovo that can be traced back to this origin. These include oolithic limestones in the oolite facies of Capo San Viglio determined by Ernst Wilhelm Benecke in 1866 , named after the place Punta San Vigilio on Lake Garda , also known as yellow oolithic limestone. You can also find the Rosso Amonitico , which is known as a natural stone , including Veronese marble .
Marble quarrying
The marble quarrying on Monte Giovo can be documented for the first time during the Renaissance , when the nobility decorated their palaces with so-called marble from Castione. Federico II. Di Gonzaga, for example, used this natural stone for the construction of the Palazzo del Te in Mantua at the beginning of the 16th century.
During the Baroque , the demand for marble rose sharply, which was used in churches, especially for altars . During this time, the stonemasons resident in Castione developed some important sculpting workshops , the most famous representative of which was Cristoforo Benedetti (1657–1740) and who made the marble broken on Monte Giovo famous with his work. In the middle of the 17th century, up to 200 people were employed in the quarries and workshops. With the transition to classicism, the demand for marble slowly decreased. Up until the First World War, around 70 to 80 people were still working in the quarries on Monte Giovo. In the following period the mining methods were not modernized, so wire saws were not used until the 1950s and explosives were used from 1980, shortly before the last two quarries were shut down in the mid-1980s. Before decommissioning, around 1500 t per year were dismantled exclusively for industrial use in the construction sector.
sorts
When marble from Castione is petrographic seen around different types of limestone , which in several periods of the Jurassic and the Cretaceous have emerged. The deposits consist of micrite and sparite with different biogenic elements, including oolites, ammonites , snails, brachiopods or mussel shells .
Five different natural stones were quarried on Monte Giovo, although variations of the same stone are known in some cases due to color deviations.
- Biancone di Castione , milky white natural stone. In the variants Biancone delle Vigne , Bianco di Lavezzano , Bianco ordinario or Bianco scuro venato .
- Turchino , pearl gray stone occasionally with white and yellow inclusions. Was considered a high quality and sought-after stone.
- Giallo di Castione or Giallo del Monte Giovo , golden-yellow stone with light textures . Similar to the Giallo di Mori mined near Mori . A lighter variant called Canarino .
- Mischio di Valcaregna , multi-colored stone predominantly golden yellow with purple, red, pink and gray textures. Was the most popular stone on Monte Giovo, in 1903 there were still three quarries where this stone was quarried. Sometimes also called Macchia di Valcaregna or Marmo di Brentonico .
- Ziresol , stone in different shades of red with light gray textures of fossil origin. Like the stone below, it is a variant of the Rosso Ammonitico .
- Brodefasoi , multi-colored, predominantly dark red stone with pink, red, yellow, white or gray-white textures.
Base Monte Giovo
During the First World War, Monte Giovo was expanded as a base by the Italian army . It was exactly opposite the Austro-Hungarian lines on the opposite side of the valley of the Valle del Cameras, on which the Austro-Hungarian army had withdrawn for tactical reasons after Italy entered the war in May 1915. The Italian troops occupied the area cleared from Austria-Hungary only hesitantly and reached Monte Giovo towards the end of October, beginning of November 1915.
Due to its dominant position, from which one could see the Cameras valley as far as the Lago di Loppio and the Adige valley as far as Calliano , Monte Giovo was expanded into a base shortly after it was occupied by units of the 113th Italian infantry regiment of the Mantua Brigade. The latter was built on a knoll in front of the main summit, called Kote 609. There, concreted trenches were laid out in a semicircle with machine gun and artillery positions. In the course of the war, tunnels were driven under the crests, which on the one hand served as bomb-proof shelters and on the other hand enabled protected access to the fighting positions. These tunnels also had several cavernated gun emplacements facing west, north and east.
The base was repeatedly targeted by the Austro-Hungarian artillery and during the spring offensive also infantry attacked in the course of a mock attack, but without any changes in the course of the front.
The former war positions were cleared of vegetation and rubble at the centenary of the First World War and are part of a historical circular hiking trail along the former front lines in the Valle del Cameras.
literature
- Castione: i marmi e gli altari: Palazzo Eccheli-Baisi - Brentonico 10 August – 31 December 2002. Comune di Brentonico, Trento 2002.
- Agenzia per la Protezione dell'Ambiente e per i Servizi Tecnici (ed.): Carta geologica d'Italia - 1: 50,000: catalogo delle formazioni. Quaderni serie III Volume 7 - Fascicolo VI. S.EL.CA., Roma 2005. PDF
- Enrico Cattani, et al. (Ed.): Atlante della pietra trentina: antichi e nuovi percorsi: guida pratica all'utilizzo. Camera di commercio industria artigianato e agricoltura, Trento 2005 ISBN 88-8447-206-7
- Fabiano Fossi, Riccardo Giuliani (eds.): Monte Giovo: Caposaldo quota 609 . Comune di Brentonico, Brentonico 2017.
- Diego Leoni: Castiglione . In: Andrea Bacchi, Luciana Giacomelli (eds.): Scultura in Trentino: Il Seicento e il Settecento . Volume 1, Provincia Autonoma di Trento, Trient 2003 ISBN 88-86602-55-3
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Giulio Agnoli (ed.): Atlante della pietra trentina: antichi e nuovi percorsi: guida pratica all'utilizzo p. 99
- ^ Agenzia per la Protezione dell'Ambiente e per i Servizi Tecnici (ed.): Carta geologica d'Italia - 1: 50,000: catalogo delle formazioni. Quaderni serie III Volume 7 - Fascicolo VI. P. 89
- ^ Diego Leoni: Castiglione p. 306
- ↑ Diego Leoni: Castiglione pp. 308-312
- ↑ Enrico Cattani et al. (Ed.): Atlante della pietra trentina: antichi e nuovi percorsi: guida pratica all'utilizzo. Pp. 77-78
- ↑ Enrico Cattani et al. (Ed.): Atlante della pietra trentina: antichi e nuovi percorsi: guida pratica all'utilizzo. Pp. 320-322
- ↑ Fabiano Fossi, Riccardo Giuliani (ed.): Monte Giovo: Caposaldo quota 609 pp. 6-8
- ↑ Fabiano Fossi, Riccardo Giuliani (ed.): Monte Giovo: Caposaldo quota 609 p. 4