Castle Salem
| Castle Salem | ||
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 Castle Salem |
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| Alternative name (s): | Castlesalem, Castle Sally, Mount Salem, Benduff Castle | |
| Creation time : | around 1470 | |
| Castle type : | Niederungsburg | |
| Conservation status: | partially restored | |
| Standing position : | Irish nobility | |
| Construction: | Quarry stone | |
| Place: | Ross Carbery | |
| Geographical location | 51 ° 35 '45.2 " N , 9 ° 3' 20.2" W | |
| Height: | 45 m ASL | |
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Castle Salem is a fortified house in Rosscarbery in Ireland's County Cork . The Morris family lived there from around 1660 to the early 1800s; In 1895 it was bought by the Daly family , whose descendants now run it as a pension.
history
According to a certain Charles Smith , topographer , this is where Benduff Castle , which he describes as a "strong, romantic building," was built for the O'Donovan family . It is almost certain, however, that this fortified house was built around 1470 for Catherine FitzGerald , daughter of Thomas FitzGerald, 8th Earl of Desmond , who later married Finghin Mac Carthy Reagh, 8th Prince of Carbery . In the annals of the four masters it is written that she died in 1506. This Earl, one of the most powerful men in Ireland and Viceroy of Ireland under King Edward VI. , was executed in Drogheda in 1466 because he was said to have fallen victim to the wickedness of King Edward's Queen, Elizabeth Gray , for making a disrespectful speech about her relationship with her king. Earl Thomas' daughter is believed to be the historical person behind the "black woman", of whom there are various legends associated with Benduff Castle.
The old Castle Benduff ( Irish Gaelic : An Bhinn Dubh ; German: "the black peak") is now called Castle Salem (or sometimes Castlesalem , Castle Sally or Mount Salem ). It is about 1.6 km northwest of Ross Carbery on the bosom of a hidden valley that is enclosed between hills and was once thickly overgrown with trees. It differed from the majority of feudal fortresses of the ancients, which either perched on a rocky peak or stood on otherwise elevated ground. But the sheltered and hidden location of this castle probably protected it from external dangers.
Benduff Castle was originally a fortified building constructed in the unusual style of Norman fortresses spread across Ireland in the Middle Ages and characterized by their solid, central square keep or tower. The latter had thick, massive walls and loopholes , through which both could be shot and light penetrated into the interior of the building. Usually attached to it were outbuildings with bastions and strong outer walls that enclosed the entire foundation. The latter were often equipped with covered walkways. Castle Salem has three interior arches; its walls are 3.3 meters thick and have walkways and recesses as well as the usual stairs. Benduff Castle was originally about 21 meters high until old William Morris had the top removed and replaced with a shingled roof.
The time of the civil war
The lands of Knocknamadogue with Benduff Castle once belonged to Florence MacCarthy , a Roman Catholic rebels, whose possessions of Oliver Cromwell were canceled. Ballihagornagh (English: " Barley Hill ") had belonged to John Marrigoe , who had a similar story, and most of the rest of the land had been owned by the O'Donovans .
Captain William Morris (approx. 1620–1680) received over 600 hectares of land, including the castle, and changed its name to "Castlesalem". This happened around 1660. The land was formally allocated under the 1678 Settlement Act.
“To William Morris, of Knocknamadogue, who will forever be called Montsalem: 252 acres; from Kemanabrickey, which is to be called Libott-Wood: 92 acres; from Belangornaganey, which will be called Longnor: 66 acres; from Manulagawne or Mullagowne, which will be called Mount Stafford: 93 acres and 2 roods; from Kilbegg, which will be called Stoney Furlong: 54 acres; from Maulmurreene, who will be called Green Furlong: 34 acres and 2 roods; from Knockrudeene (part of it), which will be called Narrow Furlong: 11 acres; in the Baronates East and West Carbery. The total area is 976 acres and 3 roods for a total lease of £ 9, 3 shillings and 1 penny per year. Dated September 4th of the 20th year of Charles II's reign. Led on September 17th, 1666. By patent dated November 1st, 1678, Mr Morris had a discount of £ 2, 3 shillings and 1 pence from the annual rent, making it a third has been reduced to £ 7 a year. "
“To Captain William Morris: In the western part of Dunscullis aka Downescully: 13 acres (which will forever be called Burton-Gortroe); 101 acres in the eastern part of Dungannon (which is to be called Wostasan); 26 acres (to be called Netley) in the eastern part of Drumuliky; 5 acres (to be called mill-pasture); the total area is 234 acres, 3 roods and 18 perches for a total lease of £ 2, 3 shillings and 10 ¾ pence per year. "
“The eastern part of Carhigariff and part of it, [bounded by] an eastern and western line: 92 acres, 2 roods and 26 perches (called Tullagh); Bann-u-Iband or Baunare-Ibane, parts of Carhugariffe and Carren, in the northern part of it, bordering the lands of Sam Woodiffs: 92 acres, 1 rood and 14 perches, with a proportional portion of all unprofitable lands belonging to the said Lands belong (called Blackhurst). At £ 2, 16 shillings and 2 pence a year. Dated July 17th of the 21st year of Charles II's reign. Led on August 4th, 1669. By patent dated November 1st, 1678, Captain Morris had a discount on the lease of these lands to £ 2 a year. ”
William Morris and the Quakers
William Morris, despite having served in the Army of Cromwell, became a Quaker in 1656 and was an active member of the growing community in Ireland. John Rutty provided an interesting account of the diary of William Edmondson , who described Captain Morris as a man of talent and influence.
“There was also a William Morris, a distinguished Baptist elder. Captain of a company, justice of the peace, income commissioner and 1st treasurer in this quarter, also 1st governor of three garrisons, to whom the news of this day's work was soon forwarded, about which he was very concerned and said to the messenger, a justice of the peace, "It was one Shame on them to suffer from our being so taken advantage of, ”which meant,“ The time will come when they will be happy to take shelter under our wings. ”The rumor that Captain Morgan was a Quaker penetrated soon to the Baptists and the Dublin court , moving his company south not long after he was sent to Dublin to appear before the general and senior officers, many of whom were Baptists. He was asked about how he became a Quaker, which he did not deny, but confessed our beliefs and principles, and at that time he was released from his command for being a Quaker. He was a wise man, testified in our meetings, and died believing in Jesus. I was in Dublin at the time his command was taken away. He often said that I was truly a great help and strength for him. He has been helpful to the government on many occasions, advocating for his suffering friends, even though he often suffered for his testimony of faith himself. He wrote an excellent, short treatise entitled "Thyses No Gospel Ordinance" (printed 1659). "
During 1656 William Morris formed a Quaker cell in Belturbet , County Cavan, along with William Parker , his wife, Robert Wardell and his father. He was released from his post later that year and returned to Cork . Like many well educated people with money during this time, he used his influence to make change. Morris had published a short treatise in 1659 entitled Tythes no gospel ordinance . He sought, by referring to the scriptures, to prove that tithe was unjust for rich and poor alike, and this should create difficulties for him, like many Quakers, with the established institutions.
William Morris also wrote a petition to the English Parliament in 1659:
“To the highest institution (under God) of the Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland, the Commons in Parliament: The true and faithful testimony of William Morris, a former member of the Army of Ireland. Printed for Thomas Simmons at Bull and Mouth at Aldergate. 4to. 1659. "
The work sought to draw Parliament's attention to the persecution of Quakers in Ireland by Henry Cromwell , the fourth son of Oliver Cromwell . Henry Cromwell's primary intention was to secure power in the Protectorate and to wipe out any resistance. He took action against the Baptists among the soldiers and civil servants because they were closely connected with the Republicans. By late 1656, Henry Cromwell had succeeded in getting leading Baptist officers to leave their posts or leave Ireland. He prevented Quakerism from spreading across Ireland by arresting Quaker missionaries and firing army officers who seemed receptive to their message. On the other hand, he lured moderate Presbyterians and independent officials over to Ireland. After suppressing the radicals, Henry Cromwell worked to reconcile the main Protestant groups, win support from the nobility, and stabilize the administration. Most of the land acquisition and resettlement of the ancestral Irish had been carried out when he was appointed Lord Deputy . As a result, Henry Cromwell's treatment of Irish Catholics was moderate, albeit suspicious and cautious. Henry Cromwell supported the appointment of his brother Richard as Lord Protector in 1658, but was powerless against the collapse of the Protectorate the following year. He resigned as Lord Deputy in June 1659, just a year before the Stuart Restoration in May 1670.
The work that cemented William Morris' reputation as an important Quaker theologian and writer he wrote with George Fox and John Perrot ; it was titled Severall Warnings to the Baptized People and was published in 1659.
Like many of the early Quakers, William Morris suffered from his beliefs and was imprisoned several times. Joseph Besse said in his writing from 1753 how 1660
“In County Cork William Morris, William Brimsby, Walter Castle and John Exham, who were found with others at Edward Cooke's house in Brandon Bridge, were sentenced to prison by John Laundon, Provost, and thrown into a terrible dungeon, where they were two weeks were held. Their friends were not allowed to bring them food, but it was passed to them through a grate and the provost was approached by the wife of one of the prisoners to allow some straw to be brought to them on which they could lie. "
According to their treatise on the payment of tithe in 1663/1664 Paul and William Morris were punished by Archdean von Ross for tithing, but the archdean died unexpectedly and under circumstances that impressed his confreres so much that the Morris brothers did for a few years were no longer approached for tithe.
A testimony against John Reeve and Lodowick Muggleton by the Quakers of Cork, drawn by William Morris, William Edmondson, Robert Sandham, and 23 others, with Muggleton's judgment of their condemnation is on pages 379-401. The names of many other Quakers and of matters concerning them are found throughout the volume,
George Fox , the founder of Quakerism, visited Ireland in 1669 although he was not welcome there. He first visited Bandon and then went on to Cork. The mayor made no push to welcome Fox to Cork. Paul Morris, a brother of William Morris, led George Fox as the latter rode unmolested through the streets of Cork, even when warnings were issued against him and even the mayor recognized him. The Morris brothers really were influential people.
Fox reports how much:
“When we got near town, Quaker brothers showed me a way through the backyards; But I told them my way was through the streets. I took Paul Morrice as a guide through the town and rode on. As we rode across the market square, past the door of the mayor, when he saw me, he said, "There rides George Fox," but he had no power to stop me. When we passed the sentinels and came over the bridge, we rode to the house of a Quaker brother and settled there. There the Quaker brothers told me what an uprising was in the city and how many wanted posters had been issued to catch me. As I sat there, I felt the evil spirit at work in the city, inciting iniquity against me; and I felt the power of the Lord to strike the evil spirit. Side by side, other Quaker brothers came in and told me that the whole town and also the magistrate knew that I was in town. I said, "Let the devil do his worst work." After we had refreshed ourselves, I called for my horse and we rode our way, with a Quaker brother leading us. "
William Penn
Alongside George Fox, the other well-known Quaker is William Penn . As a close friend, Penn was often at Castle Salem, especially in the early months of 1670. He often reported in his Irish Journal about this time with William Morris . At that time Morris was one of the most prominent Quaker brothers in the south of Ireland and Penn, who had used him as an agent in Cork to collect rent etc., respected and admired him. Penn visited Castle Salem on February 21, 1670, on February 23-25. February 1670, March 26, 1670, March 29–3. April 1670, April 6, 1670 and April 16, 1670. He may have been there on other days, but this is not recorded.
Penn wrote several chapters of his Great Case of Liberty of Conscience Once More Briefly Debated and Defended at Castle Salem, as he mentioned several times in his diary.
The new house (1682)
Rutty described the death of William Morris in 1680:
"That year, William Morris of Castle Salem, County Cork, died, who, though a man of great deeds and knowledge, was convinced of the truth by some weak means."
After the death of his father in 1680, Fortunatus Morris had a new house added to Benduff Castle. Its floor plan is L-shaped, with the tower at the angle of the L. It is built from small pieces of poor stone and has a tall outdoor fireplace and two gables. Fortunatus' house was built with the back against the old building, and from the first landing on the stairs one could enter the castle through the old entrance about 12 feet above the ground. A Georgian hall door was later installed there. The gardens were very extensive and laid out in the old Dutch style with ponds, islets and cut yew trees .
19th century
At the beginning of the 19th century, the Morris family still lived in the castle. It was described as the seat of William Morris in 1815.
“[There was] an old house attached to a castle of even greater age, which stood on a rock looming in the middle of a small, romantic valley surrounded by steep and lofty hills. Many of the trees, which used to be very numerous, have survived, including a yew tree and some beech trees of considerable size. A very rare circumstance is the rock in a laurel grove . "
On June 3, 1853, the castle was offered for sale at the court for incriminated properties and a Dr. FitzGibbon bought it for £ 1,350. In 1870 it was in the hands of Mrs. Eliza FitzGibbon .
The family of Patrick Daly bought the castle in 1895 by the FitzGibbons and three generations of this family have now worked the land. The castle tower was partially restored under the administration of Michael and Margaret Daly and their family. Castle Salem still has a functioning farm and bed and breakfast, and tours are available.
Individual evidence
- ^ Charles Smith (1715–1762): Natural and Civil Histories of the County of Cork . 1750.
- ^ Journal of the Cork Historical and Archaeological Society . Cork Historical and Archaeological Society, Cork 1919.
- ^ Journal of the Cork Historical and Archaeological Society . Cork Historical and Archaeological Society, Cork 1904.
- ^ An official of Parliament Long, Richard Baxter Townsend & Dorothea Baker Townshend. Publisher: Frowde, 1892.
- ↑ a b c John Rutty: History of the Rise and Progress of the People called Quakers in Ireland from the Year 1653 to 1700 . 1751.
- ^ Taylor, Skinner: Maps of the Roads of Ireland . 1776.
- ↑ a b c d William Penn, Isabel Grubb (Ed.): My Irish Journal . Longmans, 1952.
- ^ The Journal of the Friends' Historical Society . Friend's Historical Society, 1913.
- ↑ A copy of the document is in the National Archives in Dublin.
- ^ Joseph Besse: Collection of the sufferings of the people called Quakers . Volume 2. Chapter 16. Ireland 1753, p. 461.
- ^ Joseph Besse: Collection of the sufferings of the people called Quakers . Volume 2, Chapter 16. Ireland 1753.
- ↑ William Penn, Mary Maples Dunn, Richard S. Dunn, Edwin B. Bronner: The Papers of William Penn, 1644–1679 . University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia 1981.
- ↑ Townsend: Survey of Cork . 1815.
- ^ Morris (East Carbery). Landedestates.ie, May 18, 2011, accessed July 6, 2018 .
- ^ Freemans Journal . June 4, 1853.
- ↑ Property owners County Cork circa 1870. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on December 13, 2010 ; accessed on July 6, 2018 .
