Red spurflower

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Red spurflower
Red spurflower (Centranthus ruber)

Red spurflower ( Centranthus ruber )

Systematics
Euasterids II
Order : Cardigans (Dipsacales)
Family : Honeysuckle Family (Caprifoliaceae)
Subfamily : Valerian family (Valerianoideae)
Genre : Spurflowers ( Centranthus )
Type : Red spurflower
Scientific name
Centranthus ruber
(L.) DC.

The red spur flower ( Centranthus ruber ) is a species of the genus of spur flowers ( Centranthus ) in the subfamily of the valerian family (Valerianoideae).

features

Stem leaves
Single flower with stamen and spur

The perennial herbaceous plant with a weakly woody base is bare and blue-green frosted. It reaches heights of growth of 30 to 80 cm.

The opposite leaves are ovate-lanceolate. They are 3 to 8 inches long and are usually entire. The upper leaves have a heart-shaped base and are sessile. The basal leaves are petiolate.

The dark pink (rarely white) flowers are in dense umbels. The corolla tube is 7 to 10 millimeters long and has five unequal tips. They are spurred at the bottom, with the thin spur being 5 to 10 millimeters long. The spur becomes more than twice as long as the ovary. The flower has only one stamen.

The feathery bristles of the flight fruits develop from the calyx and are spread with the wind.

Flowering time is from April to October.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 32.

Occurrence

The red spurflower is distributed in the Mediterranean from southern Europe, northwest Africa and Asia Minor. It is a neophyte in the Canary Islands, the Azores, Madeira, Belgium, Great Britain, Germany, Switzerland and Austria. Originally it occurs in Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Spain, Portugal, France, Italy, on the Balearic Islands, Sardinia, Corsica, Sicily, Slovenia, Croatia, Montenegro, Albania, Greece, in the Aegean Sea, in Ukraine, in Europe and Asian Turkey.

Rock and wall crevices, rock debris and roadsides are preferred as locations. It occurs in societies of the order Parietarietalia judaicae, in southern Europe especially in the Centranthetum rubri.

Systematics

One can distinguish between two subspecies:

  • Centranthus ruber (L.) DC. subsp. over
  • Centranthus ruber subsp. sibthorpii (Boiss.) Hayek (Syn .: Centranthus sibthorpii Boiss. ): It occurs in Albania, Greece and in European Turkey.

Pharmacological importance

The spurflower root (Centranthi radix) is used as a medicinal drug.

However, it itself is not used medicinally, only its active ingredients. It contains more valepotriates ( iridoids ) than medicinal valerian (Valeriana officinalis); but it does not contain any essential oil or alkaloids .

In the direction of a daytime sedative, another effect profile can be determined than with medicinal valerian. In this way, balancing effects emerge in the case of inner restlessness, irritability, states of fear and tension and in the case of poor concentration.

Others

White cultivar 'Albus'

This species is often cultivated as an ornamental plant and occasionally goes wild. There is also a white ('Albus') and a reddish ('Coccineus') cultivated form .

literature

  • Oskar Sebald, Siegmund Seybold, Georg Philippi, Arno Wörz (eds.): The fern and flowering plants of Baden-Württemberg . tape 6 : Special part (Spermatophyta, subclass Asteridae): Valerianaceae to Asteraceae . Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1996, ISBN 3-8001-3343-1 , p. 34 f .
  • Dankwart Seidel: Flowers on the Mediterranean. Determine accurately with the 3-check . BLV, Munich 2002, ISBN 3-405-16294-7 .
  • Ingrid Schönfelder, Peter Schönfelder : The new manual of medicinal plants. Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2004, ISBN 3-440-09387-5 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  884 .
  2. ↑ a b c d E. von Raab-Straube & T. Henning (2017+): Valerianaceae. - In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Data sheet Valerianaceae

Web links

Commons : Rote Spornblume ( Centranthus ruber )  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files