Chamaecostus

Chamaecostus
	Chamaecostus cuspidatus
Systematics
Class :	Bedecktsamer (Magnoliopsida)
	Monocots
	Commelinids
Order :	Gingery (Zingiberales)
Family :	Costaceae
Genre :	Chamaecostus
Scientific name
	Chamaecostus
	CDSpecht & DWStev.

Chamaecostus is a genus in the family of Costaceae within the monocot plants (Liliopsida). Seven species belong to this genus. The botanical genus name is derived from the Greek word chamae = χαμαι for close to the ground, crawl and Costus for the genus from which the species were separated.

description

Habit and leaves

All Chamaecostus species grow as perennial herbaceous plants . In relation to other types of the family, they are all relatively low and small. They usually form basal rosettes and never exceed 1 meter in height. They form rhizomes as persistence organs. Like all Costaceae, they are not aromatic, as is the case with their relatives, the ginger family (Zingiberaceae). Some taxa are succulent . The stems have a maximum diameter of 1 cm. The alternate and spirally arranged leaves are simple and divided into a petiole and a leaf blade.

Inflorescence and flowers

The mostly cephalic inflorescences have large, mostly green to greenish-yellow colored bracts ( bracts ) with toothed appendages and membranous, tubular bracts .

The hermaphrodite flowers are threefold and zygomorphic . The three membranous sepals are usually only fused at their base and toothed at the tips. The three membranous petals are fused at most at their base. Of the original six stamens in each flower, only one is fertile and has a broad stamen . The other five stamens are transformed into staminodes , which are fused together to form a so-called labellum. The labellum is larger than the petals and has a narrow tube that opens wide at the top. Three carpels have become an under constant ovary grown, with many ovules per ovary chamber.

The flower formula is: ${\ displaystyle \ downarrow \; K _ {(3)} \; C _ {(3)} \; A_ {1} ^ {(5St)} \; G _ {\ overline {(3)}}}$

Fruits and seeds

They form three-chambered, woody capsule fruits with many seeds. The black seeds have an aril (seed coat).

distribution

The distribution is purely neotropical . They only occur on the South American continent : Colombia , Venezuela , the Guyana countries, the Amazon basin , southeastern Brazil and Bolivia .

Systematics

The genus Chamaecostus was created in 2006 by Chelsea D. Specht & Dennis Wm. Stevenson in A new phylogeny-based generic classification of Costaceae (Zingiberales). , reorganized in Taxon , Volume 55, Number 1, 2006, pp. 153-163. All species have been separated from the genus Costus . Some species used to belong to the genus Cadalvena or the subgenus Costus subg. Cadalvena . Further additions were made in 2015. The genus Chamaecostus includes eight species and two subspecies:

Chamaecostus acaulis (S.Moore) T.André & CDSpecht : It occurs in Brazil and Bolivia.
Chamaecostus congestiflorus (Rich. Ex LFGagnep.) C.Specht & DWStev. (Syn .: Costus congestiflorus Rich. Ex LFGagnep. ): The homeland is northern South America to northern Brazil.
Chamaecostus curcumoides (Maas) C. Specht & DWStev. (Syn .: Costus curcumoides Maas ): The homeland is French Guiana .
Fire costus ( Chamaecostus cuspidatus (Nees & Mart.) C.Specht & DWStev. ), Syn .: Globba cuspidata Nees & Mart. , Costus cuspidatus (Nees & Mart.) Maas , Costus igneus N.E. Brown : From eastern Brazil .
Chamaecostus fragilis (Maas) C. Specht & DWStev. (Syn .: Costus fragilis Maas ): The home is Colombia and northern Brazil.
Chamaecostus fusiformis (Maas) C. Specht & DWStev. (Syn .: Costus fusiformis Maas ): The home is the state of Pará of Brazil.
Chamaecostus lanceolatus (Petersen) C. Specht & DWStev. (Syn .: Costus lanceolatus Petersen ): The home is tropical South America. With two subspecies:
- Chamaecostus lanceolatus (Petersen) C. Specht & DWStev. subsp. lanceolatus (Syn .: Costus phlociflorus Rusby ): It occurs in Colombia, Venezuela and western Brazil.
- Chamaecostus lanceolatus subsp. pulchriflorus (Ducke) C.Specht & DWStev. (Syn .: Costus pulchriflorus Ducke , Costus lanceolatus subsp. Pulchriflorus (Ducke) Maas ): It occurs in French Guiana , Suriname and Brazil.
Chamaecostus subsessilis (Nees & Mart.) C. Specht & DWStev. (Syn .: Globba subsessilis Nees & Mart. , Costus subsessilis (Nees & Mart.) Maas ): The home is central and eastern Brazil.

swell

Chelsea D. Specht & Dennis Wm. Stevenson: A new phylogeny-based generic classification of Costaceae (Zingiberales). , in Taxon , Volume 55, Number 1, 2006, pp. 153-163: Online.

Single references

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Chamaecostus. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved August 11, 2018.
↑ Chelsea D. Specht & Dennis Wm. Stevenson: A new phylogeny-based generic classification of Costaceae (Zingiberales). , in Taxon , Volume 55, Number 1, 2006, pp. 153-163: Online.

Web links

Commons : Costaceae - collection of images, videos and audio files

[WCSP-1] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Chamaecostus. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved August 11, 2018.

[2] Chelsea D. Specht & Dennis Wm. Stevenson: A new phylogeny-based generic classification of Costaceae (Zingiberales). , in Taxon , Volume 55, Number 1, 2006, pp. 153-163: Online.