Cheilocostus
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Cheilocostus is a genus of plants in the family of the Costaceae within the monocotyledons (monocotyledons). This genus includes four species that were previouslyassigned tothe genus Costus . The botanical genus name is derived from the Greek word cheilo for lip, this refers to the large labellum; and Costus for the genus from which the species were separated. They are only found in Southeast Asia , the Malay Archipelago, and New Guinea .
description
Habit and leaves
All Cheilocostus species grow as perennial herbaceous plants and usually reach heights of over 1.5 meters. They form rhizomes as persistence organs. Like all Costaceae, they are not aromatic, as is the case with their relatives, the ginger family (Zingiberaceae). They are only seasonal green, so they retreat into the rhizomes for part of the year. The stem is branched in the upper area, through secondary branching, and the branches break through the leaves. The stem is hairless.
The alternate and spirally arranged leaves are simple and divided into a short petiole and leaf blade. The underside of the leaf is hairy downy.
Inflorescences and flowers
Either the elongated, spiky inflorescence develops directly from the rhizome on a leafless inflorescence stem or terminally on the leaved stem. The inflorescences have paper-like to woody, red or brown bracts . The tubular bracts are paper-like.
The hermaphrodite flowers are threefold and zygomorphic . The three sepals are mostly fused at their base and usually longer than the bracts. The bracts and the calyx lobes have a sharp, hard tip (as a typical feature of the genus). The three petals are fused at most at their base. Of the original six stamens in each flower, only one is fertile, the other five have been transformed into staminodes that have grown together to form a labellum. The showy, open labellum is larger than the petals and bracts. It is white, yellow to orange in color or red in color in Cheilocostus globosus . The only fertile stamen has a corolla-like widened stamen that covers the corolla opening. Three carpels have become an under constant ovary grown. It contains many ovules that are in two rows per ovary chamber. The nectaries are one or two hollows that are combined into a gland and are located on the tip of the ovary. The cup-shaped scar has small rounded appendages.
The flower formula is:
Fruits and seeds
They form triangular, three-chambered, woody capsule fruits that open with slits and do not crack open completely and contain many seeds. The angular, black seeds usually have a small, fleshy aril (seed coat); all the seeds in one of the three chambers hang together through the aril, even if the capsule fruit is already open. The straight embryo is in abundant endosperm .
Systematics
The genus Cheilocostus was created in 2006 by Chelsea D. Specht & Dennis Wm. Stevenson in A new phylogeny-based generic classification of Costaceae (Zingiberales). , revised in Taxon , Volume 55, Number 1, 2006, pp. 153-163. All species have been separated from the genus Costus . All Asiatic species previously in the subgenus Costus subg. Costus were placed in the new genus Cheilocostus . According to R. Govaerts all kinds are today in the genus Hellenia Retz. deliver.
Four species belong to the genus Cheilocostus :
- Cheilocostus globosus (Blume) C. Woodpecker (Syn .: Costus globosus Blume )
- Cheilocostus lacerus (LFGagnepain) C. Specht (Syn .: Costus lacerus L.F. Gagnepain )
- Cheilocostus sopuensis (PJM & H.Maas) C.Specht (Syn .: Costus sopuensis P.JM & H.Maas )
- Cheilocostus speciosus (J.Koenig) C. Specht (Syn .: Costus speciosus (J.Koenig) Sm. , Banksea speciosa J.Koenig , Costus lamingtonii F.M.Bailey , Costus formosanus Nakai , Costus speciosus var. Formosanus (Nakai) SSYing )
Cheilocostus globosus represents a complex of the following species in Paulus Johannes Maria Maas 1979: Costus acanthocephalus K.Schum. ( Sumatra ), Costus chrysocephalus K.Schum. (Guinea), Costus clemensae Ridley ( Philippines ), Costus dhanivatii K.Larsen ( Thailand ), Costus globose flower ( Java ), Costus kingii Baker (Syn .: Costus globose var. Kingii (Baker) Holtt. ) (Malay Archipelago) Costus microcephalus K.Schum. (Borneo), Costus oligophyllus K.Schum. (Malaysia), Costus ridleyi K.Schum. (Syn .: Costus globosus var. Ridleyi (K.Schum.) Holttum ) (Indonesian archipelago and Thailand), Costus sulfurous K.Schum. (Sulawesi), Costus tonkinensis L.F. Gagnep. ( Tonkin ), Costus velutinus Ridley (Syn .: Costus globose var. Velutinus (Ridley) Holtt. ) (Malay Archipelago). If they are assessed as independent species in further studies, there would be around 14 other species in this genus.
The two Asian genera Cheilocostus and Tapeinochilos are closely related.
swell
- Chelsea D. Specht & Dennis Wm. Stevenson: A new phylogeny-based generic classification of Costaceae (Zingiberales). , in: Taxon , Volume 55, Number 1, 2006, pp. 153-163: Online.
- Cheilocostus Woodpecker at the Smithsonian Institute.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Cheilocostus. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved August 11, 2018.
- ↑ Chelsea D. Specht & Dennis Wm. Stevenson: A new phylogeny-based generic classification of Costaceae (Zingiberales). , in Taxon , Volume 55, Number 1, 2006, pp. 153-163: Online.
