Chemical factory Eisenbüttel

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The factory in 1899

The chemical factory Eisenbüttel was a company for the manufacture of chemical, petrochemical and pharmaceutical products in Braunschweig . It was founded in 1871 and ceased operations around 1952.

Company history

The Eisenbüttel chemical factory , which was founded in 1871, was named after the town of Eisenbüttel , which became part of the central city ​​of Braunschweig in the 19th century . In the following decades, the company operated at times with the name of the respective owner, e.g. B. from 1893 to 1898 as Chem. Fabr. Eisenbüttel, Dr. Reuss & Comp. and as Chem. Fabr. Eisenbüttel, A. G. Lübeck & Comp. (from 1898 to 1928).

The Eisenbüttel chemical factory initially concentrated on the production of glycerine , gasoline , tar products , acetic acid and acetic acid salts . In 1873 the company was already one of the exhibitors at the Vienna World Exhibition . At that time, it produced around 60,000 quintals (3,000 t ) of its products annually with 63 employees , of which it sold 50% on the territory of what was then the German Empire .

In the 1880s, the company expanded its product range to include the manufacture of chemical and pharmaceutical products.

During the Second World War , a “ civil workers camp ” was set up in the Brunswick factory , in which workers from the countries occupied by German troops were used as forced laborers . The operating facilities were almost completely destroyed by bombing, as larger storage tanks with petrol and paraffin caught fire.

The company ceased operations around 1952. In December 1957, the chimney and other parts of the building were demolished on their former premises to make room for the Reichert and Heinemeyer canning factory . Today AURO Plant Chemistry AG is located on the site at today's Alte Frankfurter Straße in Braunschweig .

Products

1873 a new distillation unit supplied 30,000 quintals (1500 Jato ) pure glycerol. At that time, the famous "Eisenbütteler Essig-Essences" were also produced for the food industry.

Conservesalz Eisenbüttel

On May 28, 1880, a preservative salt based on boric acid , sodium phosphate , nitrate salts and sodium chloride was registered for a patent and sold to the food industry under the trade name " Conservesalz Eisenbüttel " .

Sapocarbol

J. Schenkel achieved a decisive development in the field of disinfectants in 1884. By dissolving tar oil components in alkali soaps, the first water-soluble disinfectants could be produced and marketed under the trade name " Sapocarbol ". Unfortunately, this remained largely unknown until the disclosure of a very similar patent by W. Dammann in 1890, and so the Schülke & Mayr company in Hamburg was able to use the Dammann patent for the world-famous disinfectant " Lysol ". Because of its insecticidal effect, sapocarbol I was also used as a plant protection agent against blood lice.

Petroleum benzine and paraffin products

Chemist Newspaper . IX, No. 26, 1885, p. 476

The company initially produced petroleum spirit and other petroleum fractions as cleaning agents and solvents . In 1890 the company merged with other refineries to form the “ United Benzinfabriken GmbH ” (Bremen) gasoline syndicate , to which most of the German “gasoline factories” belonged at the time. In 1904 the American Standard Oil Company took part and the German-American Petroleum Company was founded , based in Hamburg.

With the onset of motorization in the transport sector , petrol was mainly produced as a fuel . In 1910, the gasoline syndicate produced around 35% of Germany's 150,000 tonnes of gasoline. For the production of fuels, the Eisenbüttel chemical factory was already operating continuously working refining plants before 1914 .

After the production facilities were largely destroyed by bombing during the Second World War, the company limited itself to the sale of paraffin products for the candle industry .

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Christoph Sandler (Hrsg.): Handbook of the efficiency of the entire industry of Germany, Austria, Alsace-Lorraine and Switzerland . Volume 2, Wölfert, Leipzig 1874, p. 48
  2. ^ Vienna World Exhibition: Official catalog of the exhibition of the German Empire . Königliche Geheime Ober-Hofdruckerei, Berlin 1873, p. 113
  3. ^ Karl Liedke: Faces of Forced Labor. Poland in Braunschweig 1939–1945 . 2nd edition, Braunschweig 1997
  4. ↑ Inventory: Places of Remembrance (PDF; 1.5 MB)
  5. ↑ Rudolf Prescher : The red rooster over Braunschweig. Air raid protection measures and aerial warfare events in the city of Braunschweig from 1927 to 1945 . Braunschweig 1955
  6. ↑ Stadtchronik Braunschweig , accessed on January 29, 2012
  7. ↑ Technical Notes . In Chemisches Centralblatt 4 , p. 383, 1873.
  8. ↑ The industrial products of the Duchy of Braunschweig and their manufacturing facilities in 1901 ( Memento from January 3, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) . P. 42.
  9. ^ Chemical factory "Eisenbüttel", patent DE13545 from May 28, 1880, published on April 12, 1881
  10. ↑ Production of a preserve salt. In: Polytechnisches Journal . 241, 1881, Miszelle 11, p. 320.
  11. ↑ Annual overview 1885 . J. Schenkel, p. 836, (PDF; 2.9 MB)
  12. ↑ Ludwig Darmstaedter (ed.): Handbook for the history of natural sciences and technology . 2nd edition, Springer, Berlin 1908, p. 836
  13. ^ Wilhelm Dammann, Halle, patent DE52129 of May 8, 1889, published May 8, 1890
  14. ↑ E. Fleischer: About detergents and sprays to control aphids, blood lice and similar plant pests , Zeitschrift für Pflanzenkrankheiten 1900, p. 70.
  15. ^ H. Perutz: The industry of mineral oils . Carl Gerold's Sohn, Vienna 1880, p. 7
  16. ^ Bremer Chemische Fabrik AG from 1890 in Hude
  17. ^ Ulrich Brack: German petroleum policy before 1914 . Hamburg 1977, p. 276
  18. ^ Rainer Karlsch, Raymond G. Stokes (ed.): Factor oil: the mineral oil industry in Germany 1859-1974 . C. H. Beck, Munich 2003, p. 89 f, ISBN 3-406-50276-8
  19. ↑ Hans Siebeneck: The German apparatus construction and petroleum . In: Chemiker-Zeitung . 56, 1932, p. 74.

Coordinates: 52 ° 14 ′ 32 ″  N , 10 ° 30 ′ 31 ″  E