Striped goosefoot

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Striped goosefoot
Striped goosefoot (Chenopodium strictum), herbarium specimen

Striped goosefoot ( Chenopodium strictum ), herbarium specimen

Systematics
Order : Clove-like (Caryophyllales)
Family : Foxtail family (Amaranthaceae)
Subfamily : Chenopodioideae
Tribe : Chenopodieae
Genre : Goose feet ( Chenopodium )
Type : Striped goosefoot
Scientific name
Chenopodium strictum
Roth

The striped goosefoot ( Chenopodium strictum ), also known as the striped goose foot , is a species of plant in the foxtail family (Amaranthaceae). It occurs in Central Europe .

description

Vegetative characteristics

The striped goosefoot is an annual herbaceous plant with a stature height of 20 to 100 (rarely up to 200) cm. The upright stem bears branches that are spread out almost horizontally, especially at the base. The upper side branches grow stiffly upright. The stem surface is green and red striped and ribbed, often with red leaf axils, sometimes completely red when the fruit is ripe, and glabrous or only slightly floury.

The alternate, lightly floured leaves are dark olive (to blue-green) on top, blue-green on the underside, and often outlined in red. The leaf blade is about two to three times as long as the petiole and elliptical-ovate to oblong-lanceolate with a length of 1.5 to 6 cm and a width of 1 to 2.8 cm. The rounded tip of the leaf partially has an attached tip. The Spreitengrund narrows broadly wedge-shaped into the petiole. The leaf margin usually has no larger teeth or lobes, it is almost regularly finely toothed (occasionally with a slightly larger tooth at the widest point) or - especially with the upper leaves - entire.

Inflorescence and flowers

In the upper part of the branches arise narrow-pyramidal, interrupted-eared, bracteless inflorescences. They consist of spherical flower clusters with a diameter of 1.8 to 2 mm, arranged like a string of pearls. The hermaphrodite flowers have an envelope of five dark-olive-green, elongated-egg-shaped tepals of 0.5 to 0.7 mm length and width, separated to the base , which are slightly keeled, skin-edged and hardly powdered. The flowers contain five stamens and an ovary with 2 thread-like stigmas.

The flowering period extends from August to October. Pollination is usually done by the wind.

Fruit and seeds

The ripe fruit is visible between the bent back tepals and usually falls off together with the flower cover. The fruit is flat-egg-shaped, the smooth pericarp rests against the seed, but can be easily removed. The horizontal, egg-shaped seed is 0.9 to 1.1 (to 1.5) mm in diameter. The black or black-red seed coat is smooth or sometimes slightly radially striped.

Chromosome number

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 36, so the species is tetraploid . (An investigation also found 2n = 18).

Occurrence and endangerment

The natural range of the striped goosefoot includes Southeast Europe , Southwest and Central Asia to China , Japan and Korea . As an introduced species, it occurs in North America and other parts of Europe . It settles on stony places and disturbed ruderal places, such as river banks, roadsides, fields and gardens. From the plain it can thrive up to an altitude of 2900 m (in Pakistan ).

In Central Europe , the striped goose foot is a neophyte that did not appear in Germany until around 1860. The continental-sub-Mediterranean species prefers warm low-lying areas here as warmth germs. It grows in ruderal vegetation on dry, warm, nutrient-rich soils; it is often a first-time colonist on raw soil or rubble. After the Second World War he was often found on the ruins of southern German cities. Today it occurs scattered in East Germany , Saarland , Rhineland-Palatinate , in the northern Upper Rhine Plain and in Main Franconia ; in the rest of Germany it is quite rare.

The stocks are considered safe in Germany. In Switzerland , the striped goosefoot is an endangered species.

Systematics

The first publication of Chenopodium strictum was made in 1821 by Albrecht Wilhelm Roth .

Synonyms of Chenopodium strictum Roth are Chenopodium album subsp. striatum (Krašan) Murr , Chenopodium album var. striatum Krašan , Chenopodium betaceum Andrz. , Chenopodium eustriatum F. Dvořák , Chenopodium orphanidis Murr , Chenopodium striatum (Krašan) Murr and Chenopodium strictum subsp. striatum aell. & Ilyin .

The striped goosefoot belongs together with the similar small-leaved goosefoot ( Chenopodium striatiforme ) to the Chenopodium strictum aggregate. Some authors consider this related species only to be a subspecies of Chenopodium strictum , for example in the Flora of North America .

supporting documents

  • Henning Haeupler, Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany . Ed .: Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (=  The fern and flowering plants of Germany . Volume 2 ). Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3364-4 , pp. 90 . (Section description)
  • Steven E. Clemants, Sergei L. Mosyakin: Chenopodium . In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico . Volume 4: Magnoliophyta: Caryophyllidae, part 1 . Oxford University Press, New York / Oxford a. a. 2003, ISBN 0-19-517389-9 , Chenopodium strictum , p. 277 (English, online ). (Sections description, occurrence, systematics)
  • Gelin Zhu, Sergei L. Mosyakin, Steven E. Clemants: Chenopodium . In: Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Eds.): Flora of China . Volume 5: Ulmaceae through Basellaceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 2003, ISBN 1-930723-27-X , Chenopodium strictum , pp. 383 (English, online ). (Sections Description, Occurrence)
  • Pertti Uotila: Chenopodium. In: Helmut Freitag, Ian C. Hedge, Saiyad Masudal Hasan Jafri, Gabriele Kothe-Heinrich, S. Omer, Pertti Uotila: Flora of Pakistan 204: Chenopodiaceae. University of Karachi, Department of Botany / Missouri Botanical Press, Karachi / St. Louis 2001, ISBN 1-930723-10-5 , pp. 1-217, online. (Sections Description, Occurrence)

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Entry in Botanik im Bild / Flora von Österreich, Liechtenstein and Südtirol
  2. ↑ a b c Rudolf Schubert, Walter Vent (ed.): Excursion flora for the areas of the GDR and the FRG. Founded by Werner Rothmaler. 5th edition. Volume 4: Critical Volume, People and Knowledge, Berlin 1982, p. 170.
  3. ↑ a b Striped goosefoot. In: FloraWeb.de.
  4. ↑ a b c Chenopodium strictum at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed February 9, 2012.
  5. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora . With the collaboration of Theo Müller. 5th, revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1983, ISBN 3-8001-3429-2 , pp. 344 .
  6. ↑ Chenopodium strictum. In: Info Flora (the national data and information center for Swiss flora).
  7. ↑ Novae plantarum species praesertim Indiae orientalis ex collectione doct. Benj. Heynii cum descriptionibus et observationibus. H. Vogler, Halberstadt 1821, p. 180, digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fopenurl%3Fpid%3Dtitle%3A10723%26volume%3D%26issue%3D%26spage%3D180%26date%3D1821~GB%3D~ IA% 3D ~ MDZ% 3D% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D .
  8. ↑ a b Pertti Uotila: Chenopodiaceae (pro parte majore): Chenopodium strictum . In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Berlin 2011, accessed February 9, 2012

Web links

Commons : Striped Goosefoot ( Chenopodium strictum )  - Collection of images, videos, and audio files