Chloraeeae

Chloraeeae
	Chloraea cristata
Systematics
Class :	Bedecktsamer (Magnoliopsida)
	Monocots
Order :	Asparagales (Asparagales)
Family :	Orchids (orchidaceae)
Subfamily :	Orchidoideae
Tribe :	Chloraeeae
Scientific name
	Chloraeeae
	( Rchb. F. ) Whistle.

The tribe Chloraeeae belongs to the orchid family (Orchidaceae). The almost 80 species are distributed exclusively in South America. While long considered part of the Australian Diurideae , recent research has shown that they are more closely related to the mainly Neotropical Cranichideae .

description

Illustration by Gavilea longibracteata in Curtis's Botanical Magazine , Volume 129 (Series 3, No. 59), 1903, Plate 7909

Vegetative characteristics

The Chloraeeae are perennial , herbaceous plants . They do not grow epiphytically . The fleshy, sometimes bulbous, thickened roots are surrounded by velamen . The leaves, which are arranged in a spiral on the stem axis, are rolled ( convolute ) in the bud, there is no separating tissue between the leaf blade and stem axis. The leaves are glabrous, the leaf blade is spread, elongated and pointed.

Generative characteristics

The terminal, racemose inflorescence is sometimes reduced to just one flower . The inflorescence stem is covered by some bracts . The flowers are resupinated .

The hermaphrodite flowers are zygomorphic and threefold. The bracts are usually not fused with each other, only the lateral, outer two can be fused together at the base of some species. Often the bracts are conspicuously striped lengthways or veined in a reticulate manner. The lip is shaped and colored differently from the rest of the petals. It can be single or trilobed. The column is hairless and can be laterally widened ("winged"). The stamen contains two or four pollinia . The capsule fruit is elongated and upright.

Worldwide distribution of the Chloraeeae

Systematics and distribution

The tribe Chloraeeae is part of the subfamily Orchidoideae within the family Orchidaceae . For a long time it was listed as the subtribe Chloraeinae within the tribe Diurideae . Dressler assumed the Caladeniinae to be close relatives . In addition to the South American genera , he counted the New Caledonian Megastylis among the Chloraeinae. Only investigations of the DNA showed that parts of Megastylis are not closely related to the South American genera, except for Megastylis glandulosa , which was subsequently relocated as Achlydosa glandulosa . Codonorchis does not belong here either , which is now part of its own tribe. In addition to the classification as a tribe at the same level as the Cranichideae, there is also the consideration of treating these three genera as a subtribe within the Cranichideae. The relationship between the genera has not yet been fully clarified. According to Chemisquy et al. In 2010 the genus Chloraea is paraphyletic to the extent discussed there , the other two genera arise in the cladogram within Chloraea .

The species of the tribe Chloraeeae are only found in South America. The area extends mainly along the Andes from Peru in the north to the southern tip of the continent. Other species can be found in the southeast in Brazil, Uruguay and Argentina.

The Chloraeeae comprises the three genera:

Bipinnula Comm. ex Juss. (Syn .: Geoblasta Barb.Rodr. , Jouyella Szlach. ): Since 2012, it contains twelve species that are distributed from southern Brazil to southern South America.
Chloraea Lindl. (Syn .: Asarca Poepp. Ex Lindl. , Ulantha Hook. , Bieneria Rchb. F. , Chileorchis Szlach. , Correorchis Szlach. ): The approximately 52 species are distributed from Peru to Brazil and occur on the Falkland Islands.
Gavilea Poepp. : The approximately 17 species are distributed from southern South America to the Falkland Islands .

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Alec M. Pridgeon, Phillip Cribb, Mark W. Chase, Finn Rasmussen (eds.): Genera Orchidacearum. Orchidoideae (Part 2). Vanilloideae . tape 3 . Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford 2003, ISBN 0-19-850711-9 , pp. 3-4 .
^ Robert L. Dressler: Phylogeny and Classification of the Orchid Family . Cambridge University Press, 1993, ISBN 0-521-45058-6 , pp. 129-130 .
↑ M. Amelia Chemisquy, Osvaldo Morrone: Phylogenetic analysis of the subtribe Chloraeinae (Orchidaceae): a preliminary approach based on three chloroplast markers . In: Australian Systematic Botany . tape 23 , no. 1 , 2010, p. 38-46 , doi : 10.1071 / SB09026 .
↑ Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Bipinnula - World Checklist of Selected Plant Families of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Last accessed on December 10, 2016.
↑ Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Chloraea - World Checklist of Selected Plant Families of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Last accessed on December 10, 2016.
↑ Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Gavilea - World Checklist of Selected Plant Families of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Last accessed on December 10, 2016.

Web links

Commons : Chloraeeae - album with pictures, videos and audio files

[GO-1] Alec M. Pridgeon, Phillip Cribb, Mark W. Chase, Finn Rasmussen (eds.): Genera Orchidacearum. Orchidoideae (Part 2). Vanilloideae . tape 3 . Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford 2003, ISBN 0-19-850711-9 , pp. 3-4 .

[Dressler-2] Robert L. Dressler: Phylogeny and Classification of the Orchid Family . Cambridge University Press, 1993, ISBN 0-521-45058-6 , pp. 129-130 .

[Chemisquy-3] M. Amelia Chemisquy, Osvaldo Morrone: Phylogenetic analysis of the subtribe Chloraeinae (Orchidaceae): a preliminary approach based on three chloroplast markers . In: Australian Systematic Botany . tape 23 , no. 1 , 2010, p. 38-46 , doi : 10.1071 / SB09026 .

[WCSPbipinnula-4] Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Bipinnula - World Checklist of Selected Plant Families of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Last accessed on December 10, 2016.

[WCSPchloraea-5] Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Chloraea - World Checklist of Selected Plant Families of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Last accessed on December 10, 2016.

[WCSPgavilea-6] Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Gavilea - World Checklist of Selected Plant Families of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Last accessed on December 10, 2016.