Chrozophora

Chrozophora
	Litmus herb ( Chrozophora tinctoria )
Systematics
Order :	Malpighiales (Malpighiales)
Family :	Spurge Family (Euphorbiaceae)
Subfamily :	Acalyphoideae
Tribe :	Chrozophoreae
Sub tribus :	Chrozophorinae
Genre :	Chrozophora
Scientific name of the sub-tribus
	Chrozophorinae
	Garbage.Arg.
Scientific name of the genus
	Chrozophora
	Neck. ex A.Juss.

Chrozophora is a genus of plants inthe milkweed family (Euphorbiaceae). The ten to twelve species are distributed from southern Europe through East Africa to South and Central Asia. Chrozophora tinctoria used to be used for the production of the dye tournesole .

description

The Chrozophora species are herbaceous plants or subshrubs . The parts of the plant are usually densely covered with star hairs and / or shield-shaped scales. The leaves are alternate. The leaf margin is fully or wavy serrated. There are usually two glands at the base of the leaf. The stipules are subpulate.

The inflorescences are axillary, grape-like thyrses . The female flowers are in the lower and the male in the upper part of the inflorescence. The male flowers have five valve-like sepals and five petals . A discus is usually absent. They have five to fifteen stamens . The stamens have grown together to form a column. The dust bags are two-chambered. The female flowers also have five valve-like sepals and five petals, which are rarely missing. The discus has five glands. The ovary is triple. The three styles are bilobed and papiloid.

The star-haired or scaly, sometimes bumpy capsule fruits are three-chambered. The egg-shaped seeds have a smooth or warty surface.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 22.

Occurrence

The area of the genus Chrozophora stretches from southern Europe over East Africa to South and Central Asia . The species are often found in drier habitats.

Systematics

Chrozophora plicata

Litmus herb inflorescence ( Chrozophora tinctoria )

Infructescence of Chrozophora tinctoria

The genus Chrozophora was established in 1824 by Noël Martin Joseph de Necker in Adrien Henri Laurent de Jussieu De Euphorbiacearum Generibus Medicisque earundem viribus tentamen, tabulis aeneis 18 illustratum , p. 27, there with the spelling "Crozophora". The type species is Chrozophora tinctoria (L.) A. Juss. A homonym is Chrozophora Pax & K. Hoffm. in Das Pflanzenreich 147, 14 (Heft 68), 1919, S. 5. Other synonyms for Chrozophora Neck. ex A.Juss. are: Crossophora Link , Ricinoides Moench , Tournesol Adans. , Tournesolia Scop.

Chrozophora is the only genus of the subtribe Chrozophorinae that belongs to the tribe Chrozophoreae in the subfamily Acalyphoideae within the family of Euphorbiaceae .

The genus Chrozophora includes about nine to twelve species:

Chrozophora brocchiana (Vis.) Schweinf. (Syn .: Croton brocchianus Vis. , Tournesol Brocchiana (Vis.) Kuntze , chrozophora Brocchiana var. Hartmannii Schweinf. , Croton macrocalyx Ehrenb. Schweinf ex. , Chrozophora Brocchiana var. Hartmannii Müll.Arg. , Chrozophora senegalensis var. Lanigera Prain , Croton lanigerus (Prain) Perr. Ex Prain ): Home is the arid zones of northern Africa, from the Cape Verde Islands to Ethiopia .
Chrozophora gangetica Gand. : It is only provisionally recognized and comes from India.
Chrozophora mujunkumi Nasimova : It occurs in Uzbekistan.
Chrozophora oblongifolia (Delile) A. Juss. ex explos. : It is widespread in northeast Africa, Sinai, the Arabian Peninsula, northwest India, and Pakistan.
Chrozophora plicata (Vahl) A. Juss. ex explos. : It thrives in the arid regions of subtropical and tropical Africa, from the Arabian Peninsula to Indochina and Java.
Chrozophora rottleri (Geiseler) A. Juss. ex explos. : Its range extends from the Indian subcontinent to western Indochina.
Chrozophora sabulosa Kar. & Kir. : Your area stretches from Central Asia south to Oman on the Arabian Peninsula to northwest China and Pakistan.
Chrozophora senegalensis (Lam.) A. Juss. ex explos. (Syn .: Croton senegalensis Lam. , Tournesol senegalensis (Lam) Kuntze. , Lepidocroton serratus C.Presl ): It thrives in the arid regions of West Africa from the western tropical Africa to Chad.
Litmus herb ( Chrozophora tinctoria (L.) A.Juss .; Syn .: Croton tinctorius L. , Ricinoides tinctoria (L.) Moench , Chrozophora tinctoria var. Genuina Müll.Arg. Nom. Inval., Tournesol tinctoria (L.) Baill . , Croton argenteus Forssk. nom. illeg., Croton obliquus Vahl , Croton verbascifolius Willd. , Croton patulus lag. , chrozophora hierosolymitana Spreng. , chrozophora obliqua (Vahl) A.Juss. ex Spreng. , chrozophora tinctoria var. hierosolymitana (Spreng .) Müll.Arg. , Chrozophora verbascifolia (Willd.) A.Juss. Ex Spreng. , Croton oblongifolius Sieber ex Spreng. Nom. Illeg., Chrozophora villosa Lindl. , Chrozophora sieberi C.Presl , Chrozophora integrifolia f. Bunge , Chrozophora integrifolia . brachypetala Müll.Arg. , Chrozophora tinctoria var. subplicata Müll.Arg. , Chrozophora tinctoria var. verbascifolia (Willd.) Müll.Arg. , Tournesol warionii (Coss. ex Batt. & Trab.) Baill. , Tournesol obliqua (Vahl ) Franch. , Chrozophora warionii Coss. Ex Batt. , Tournesol verbascifolia (Willd.) Kuntze , Chrozophora tinctoria var. Glabrata Heldr. , Chrozophora glabrata (Heldr.) Pax & K.Hoffm. , Chrozophora subplicata (Müll.Arg.) Pax & K.Hoffm. , Chrozophora cordifolia Pazij , Chrozophora lepidocarpa Pazij , Chrozophora tinctoria subsp. obliqua (Vahl) O.Bolòs & Vigo ): It is widespread from the Mediterranean area to northwestern India.

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d Huaxing Qiu, Michael G. Gilbert: Chrozophora ( same text online as the printed work ). In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Eds.): Flora of China . Volume 11: Oxalidaceae through Aceraceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 2008, ISBN 978-1-930723-73-3 , pp. 223 (English).
↑ Chrozophora tinctoria at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
↑ Chrozophora at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed August 22, 2011.
↑ ^a ^b Chrozophora in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved August 22, 2011.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Chrozophora. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved April 20, 2020.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Euro + Med , 2010 taken from World Checklist of Selected Plant Families , Kew.
↑ Walter Erhardt among others: The great pikeperch. Encyclopedia of Plant Names . Volume 2. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2008. ISBN 978-3-8001-5406-7

Web links

Commons : Chrozophora - collection of images, videos and audio files

[FoC-1] Huaxing Qiu, Michael G. Gilbert: Chrozophora ( same text online as the printed work ). In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Eds.): Flora of China . Volume 11: Oxalidaceae through Aceraceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 2008, ISBN 978-1-930723-73-3 , pp. 223 (English).

[IPCN-2] Chrozophora tinctoria at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis

[tropicos-3] Chrozophora at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed August 22, 2011.

[GRIN-4] Chrozophora in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved August 22, 2011.

[WCSP-5] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Chrozophora. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved April 20, 2020.

[Euro+Med-6] Euro + Med , 2010 taken from World Checklist of Selected Plant Families , Kew.

[Zander-7] Walter Erhardt among others: The great pikeperch. Encyclopedia of Plant Names . Volume 2. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2008. ISBN 978-3-8001-5406-7